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Najafzadeh B, Asadzadeh Z, Motafakker Azad R, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbanzadeh A, Alemohammad H, Abdoli Shadbad M, Vasefifar P, Najafi S, Baradaran B. The oncogenic potential of NANOG: An important cancer induction mediator. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2443-2458. [PMID: 32960465 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique population in the tumor, but they only comprise 2%-5% of the tumor bulk. Although CSCs share several features with embryonic stem cells, CSCs can give rise to the tumor cells. CSCs overexpress embryonic transcription factor NANOG, which is downregulated in differentiated tissues. This transcription factor confers CSC's stemness, unlimited self-renewal, metastasis, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance with the assistance of WNT, OCT4, SOX2, Hedgehog, BMI-1, and other complexes. NANOG facilitates CSCs development via multiple pathways, like angiogenesis and lessening E-cadherin expression levels, which paves the road for metastasis. Moreover, NANOG represses apoptosis and leads to drug-resistance. This review aims to highlight the pivotal role of NANOG and the pertained pathways in CSCs. Also, this current study intends to demonstrate that targeting NANOG can dimmish the CSCs, sensitize the tumor to chemotherapy, and eradicate the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Fiedorowicz M, Khan MI, Strzemecki D, Orzeł J, Wełniak-Kamińska M, Sobiborowicz A, Wieteska M, Rogulski Z, Cheda L, Wargocka-Matuszewska W, Kilian K, Szczylik C, Czarnecka AM. Renal carcinoma CD105-/CD44- cells display stem-like properties in vitro and form aggressive tumors in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5379. [PMID: 32214151 PMCID: PMC7096525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common kidney cancer. Prognosis for ccRCC is generally poor since it is largely resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Many studies suggested that cancer stem cells/tumor initiating cells (CSCs/TICs) are responsible for development of tumor, disease progression, aggressiveness, metastasis and drug resistance. However, tumorigenic potential of CSCs/TICs isolated from established RCC cell lines - basic ccRCC research model - has never been investigated in vivo. CD105+, CD105-, CD44+ and CD44- as well as CD44-/CD105- CD44+/CD105+ and CD44-/CD105+ cells were isolated from Caki-1 RCC cell line, confirming coexistence of multiple subpopulations of stem-related phenotype in stable cell line. Sorted cells were injected subcutaneously into NOD SCID mice and tumor growth was monitored with MRI and PET/CT. Tumor growth was observed after implantation of CD105+, CD44+, CD44-, CD44-/CD105+ and CD44-/CD105- but not CD105- or CD44+/CD105+. Implantation of CD44-/CD105- cells induced tumors that were characterized by longer T1 and distinct metabolic pattern than other tumors. All the tumors were characterized by low uptake of [18F]FDG. CD105+ and CD44- tumors expresses Nanog and Oct-4, while CD44- tumors additionally expressed endothelial cell marker - CD31.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fiedorowicz
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - M I Khan
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - D Strzemecki
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Orzeł
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wełniak-Kamińska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Sobiborowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wieteska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Rogulski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Cheda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Wargocka-Matuszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Kilian
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Oncology, European Health Centre, Otwock, Poland
- Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A M Czarnecka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Drug resistance in papillary RCC: from putative mechanisms to clinical practicalities. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:655-673. [PMID: 31602010 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype and accounts for 10-15% of all RCCs. Despite clinical need, few pharmacogenomics studies in pRCC have been performed. Moreover, current research fails to adequately include pRCC laboratory models, such as the ACHN or Caki-2 pRCC cell lines. The molecular mechanisms involved in pRCC development and drug resistance are more diverse than in clear-cell RCC, in which inactivation of VHL occurs in the majority of tumours. Drug resistance to multiple therapies in pRCC occurs via genetic alteration (such as mutations resulting in abnormal receptor tyrosine kinase activation or RALBP1 inhibition), dysregulation of signalling pathways (such as GSK3β-EIF4EBP1, PI3K-AKT and the MAPK or interleukin signalling pathways), deregulation of cellular processes (such as resistance to apoptosis or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and interactions between the cell and its environment (for example, through activation of matrix metalloproteinases). Improved understanding of resistance mechanisms will facilitate drug discovery and provide new effective therapies. Further studies on novel resistance biomarkers are needed to improve patient prognosis and stratification as well as drug development.
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4
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Brodaczewska KK, Bielecka ZF, Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Szczylik C, Porta C, Bartnik E, Czarnecka AM. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma cells growing in 3D on poly‑D‑lysine or laminin present a stem‑like phenotype and drug resistance. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1878-1892. [PMID: 31545459 PMCID: PMC6788014 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3D spheroids are built by heterogeneous cell types in different proliferative and metabolic states and are enriched in cancer stem cells. The main aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of a novel metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 3D spheroid culture for in vitro cancer stem cell physiology research and drug toxicity screening. RCC cell lines, Caki-1 (skin metastasis derived) and ACHN (pleural effusion derived), were efficiently cultured in growth-factor/serum deprived, defined, StemXvivo and Nutristem medium on laminin-coated or poly-D-lysine-coated plates. In optimal 3D culture conditions, ACHN cells (StemXVivo/poly-D-lysine) formed small spheroids with remaining adherent cells of an epithelial phenotype, while Caki-1 cells (StemXVivo/laminin) formed large dark spheroids with significantly reduced cell viability in the center. In the 3D structures, expression levels of genes encoding stem transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, NES) and RCC stem cell markers (CD105, CD133) were deregulated in comparison to these expression levels in traditional 2D culture. Sunitinib, epirubicin and doxycycline were more toxic to cells cultured in monolayers than for cells in 3D spheroids. High numbers of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle were found in spheroids under sunitinib treatment. We showed that metastatic RCC 3D spheroids supported with ECM are a useful model to determine the cancer cell growth characteristics that are not found in adherent 2D cultures. Due to the more complex architecture, spheroids may mimic in vivo micrometastases and may be more appropriate to investigate novel drug candidate responses, including the direct effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity against RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia F Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, I‑27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04‑141 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Shi D, Che J, Yan Y, Peng B, Yao X, Guo C. Expression and clinical value of CD105 in renal cell carcinoma based on data mining in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4499-4505. [PMID: 31086581 PMCID: PMC6489005 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the expression of CD105 and its association with overall survival in three subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), namely clear cell (cc)RCC, papillary (p)RCC and chromophobe (ch)RCC. Data regarding the transcriptome and copy number of genes in RCC tumor samples and survival were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CD105 is overexpressed in ccRCC tumor tissue vs. normal renal tissue, and a higher CD105 copy number in ccRCC tissues was significantly associated with longer patient survival. The effect of the mRNA expression of CD105 in all three types of RCC and the copy number in pRCC and chRCC on patient survival was insignificant, but certain trends were observed. In addition, CD105 mRNA expression was associated with the metastasis and tumor stage, as well as pathological stage in ccRCC and pRCC. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that CD105 may, through translation initiation of associated genes, promote RCC progression. The results of the present study suggest that in RCC tumors, the association of CD105 with different stages is complex. To evaluate the role of CD105 in RCC, its function should be assessed in addition to its expression. The exact influence of CD105 mRNA expression and copy number in RCC tumors on patient survival and the underlying mechanisms require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Suzhou Wu Zhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215128, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Che
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Changcheng Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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6
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Shi X, Wang L, Ren L, Li J, Li S, Cui Q, Li S. Dihydroartemisinin, an antimalarial drug, induces absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome activation and autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2215 cells. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1413-1425. [PMID: 30873702 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As an effective antimalarial drug, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is readily isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine of Artemisia annua. DHA is not only an autophagy promoter but also a substance with strong antitumor efficiency. The relationship between autophagy and inflammasomes has been suggested in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are few reports describing relationships between inflammasomes and autophagy in HCC therapy. The present study demonstrated that DHA suppressed cell proliferation in HepG2215 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory activity is mediated by autophagy, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage. Then, DHA were first shown to promote AIM2/caspase-1 inflammasome. Compared with the DHA group, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly inhibited the expressions of activated Caspase-1, a pyroptotic marker proteins. Meanwhile, repression of mTOR by rapamycin promoted autophagy and AIM2/caspase-1 activation. The caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK also notably blocked autophagy cell death characterized by the downexpression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Additionally, the study demonstrated that DHA suppressed pseudopodium formation and cell mobility. Therefore, we first reveal a novel mechanism that DHA promotes AIM2/caspase-1 inflammasome, which contributes to autophagy in HepG2215 cells. Moreover, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage was also involved in this process via ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Shi
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Laifeng Ren
- Department of Immunology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingzhuo Cui
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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7
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Shen C, Hu G, Zhang S, Ao X, Zhou Q, Xiao P, Zhong Y. Immunophenotypic characterization of sphere-forming cells derived from the human renal cell carcinoma cell line 786-O. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3978-3990. [PMID: 30662644 PMCID: PMC6325489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been found in many different types of malignant tumors. In our previous study, we found that sphere-forming cells (SFCs) from the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line SK-RC-42 are rich in CSCs. However, our previous reports are based on only one human RCC cell line, which makes it difficult to determine whether the findings from this cell line represent the general mechanisms in human RCC. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to evaluate whether the sphere culture method could enrich for CSCs from another human RCC cell line, 786-O, and to characterize their immunological phenotype. We discovered that a small population of 786-O cells was capable of growing as tumor spheres. The SFCs had many properties similar to CSCs, including greater ability to self-renew in vitro and in vivo, higher mRNA expression levels of several 'stemness' genes, stronger tumorigenicity and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents than monolayer adherent cells (MACs). The SFCs expressed low levels of MHC-I, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD152 and CD154. Additionally, the SFCs had lower expression levels of Her2 and hTERT, FasL, Fas, the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and activating natural killer cell receptors than did the MACs. In addition, both 786-O SFCs and MACs were weakly positive for B7-H4 expression, while the expression level of B7-H1 in 786-O SFCs was lower than that in MACs. Furthermore, 786-O SFCs and MACs both expressed substantial and comparable levels of membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs). Finally, we found that 786-O SFCs triggered T cell apoptosis. These findings suggested that tumor spheres from 786-O cells are rich in CSCs. The immunological phenotype of the SFCs described in our study suggests that CSCs might play an important role in tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South UniversityZhuzhou 412007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guoyu Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South UniversityZhuzhou 412007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100021, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, China
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8
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Fonsato V, De Lena M, Tritta S, Brossa A, Calvetti R, Tetta C, Camussi G, Bussolati B. Human liver stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhance cancer stem cell sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors through Akt/mTOR/PTEN combined modulation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36151-36165. [PMID: 30546834 PMCID: PMC6281417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) sustain the initiation, the maintenance and the recurrence of tumors. We previously reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human liver stem cells (HLSCs) were able to limit tumor development. In this study, we evaluated whether EV derived from HLSCs could act in synergy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on apoptosis of CSCs isolated from renal carcinomas. For this purpose, we administered to renal CSCs, HLSC-EVs and TKIs, as co-incubation or sequential administration. We found that HLSC-EVs in combination with Sunitinb or Sorafenib significantly increased renal CSCs apoptosis induced by low TKI dose. At variance, no synergistic effect was observed when bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs were used. In particular, renal CSCs chemosensitivity to TKIs was enhanced when HLSC-EVs were either co-administered with TKIs or added after, but not before. CSC apoptosis was also incremented at a percentage comparable to that of co-administration when TKIs were loaded in HLSC-EVs. By a mechanistic point of view, Akt/mTOR and Erk and Creb intracellular pathways, known to be pivotal in the induction of tumor growth and survival, appeared modulated as consequence of TKIs/HLSC-EVs co-administration. Together, our results indicate that the synergistic effect of HLSC-EVs with TKIs may increase the response to TKIs at low doses, providing a rational for their combined use in the treatment of renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fonsato
- 2i3T, Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico, Scarl University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michela De Lena
- 2i3T, Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico, Scarl University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Tritta
- 2i3T, Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico, Scarl University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Brossa
- 2i3T, Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico, Scarl University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ruggero Calvetti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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9
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Zhong Z, Li H, Zhong H, Zhou T, Xie W, Lin Z. A systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms and renal cell carcinoma susceptibility. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:98. [PMID: 29884137 PMCID: PMC5993999 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of GSTM1- and GSTT1-null genotypes, GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) susceptibility was detected, and the relationship between the GSTM1/GSTT1-null genotype and clinical TNM stages of RCC was assessed, using meta-analysis method. METHODS Association investigations according to eligibility criteria were searched and identified from the databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase from establishment time of databases to July 1, 2017, and eligible reports were analyzed by meta-analysis. 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also detected, and odds ratios (OR) was used to express the results for dichotomous data. RESULTS This meta-analysis indicated that there was no an association between GSTM1-null genotype, GSTT1-null genotype, GSTP1 A/G gene polymorphism and RCC risk in the overall population of Caucasians or Asians. The dual GSTM1-GSTT1-null genotype was also not associated with RCC in the overall population of Caucasians. Interestingly, there was an association between the dual GSTM1-GSTT1-null genotype and the susceptibility of RCC in Asians. Relationship of the GSTM1-null genotype with clinical TNM stage of RCC was not observed in the overall population of Asians or Caucasians. In this meta-analysis, no association between the GSTT1-null genotype and clinical TNM stage of RCC was observed in Caucasians or Asians. Interestingly, GSTT1-null genotype was detected to be associated with the clinical TNM stages in patients with RCC in the overall population. CONCLUSION The dual GSTM1-GSTT1-null genotype is detected to be associated with the onset of RCC in Asians, and there is an association between the GSTT1-null genotype and the clinical TNM stages in patients with RCC in the overall population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510800 China
| | - Hongzhen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Weiji Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
| | - Zhijun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041 China
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10
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Khan MI, Sobocińska AA, Brodaczewska KK, Zielniok K, Gajewska M, Kieda C, Czarnecka AM, Szczylik C. Involvement of the CB 2 cannabinoid receptor in cell growth inhibition and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest via the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:583. [PMID: 29792186 PMCID: PMC5966919 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-tumor properties of cannabinoids have been investigated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Many of these anti-tumor effects are mediated via cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), comprising the endocannabinoid system (ECS). In this study, we investigated the ECS based on CB 1 and CB 2 receptor gene and protein expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. In view of their further use for potential treatments, we thus investigated the roles of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the anti-proliferative action and signal transduction triggered by synthetic cannabinoid agonists [such as JWH-133 and WIN 55,212-2 (WIN-55)] in RCC cell lines. METHODS Human RCC cell lines were used for this study. The CB 1 and CB 2 gene expression levels were analyzed using real-time PCR. Flow cytometric, immunocytochemical and western blot analyses were performed to confirm CB1 and CB2 receptor protein expression. The anti-proliferative effects of synthetic cannabinoids were investigated on cell viability assay. The CB1 and CB2 receptors were blocked pharmacologically with the antagonists SR141716A and AM-630, respectively, to investigate the effects of the agonists JWH-133 and WIN-55. Cell cycle, apoptosis and LDH-based cytotoxicity were analyzed on cannabinoid-treated RCC cells. RESULTS The CB1 and CB2 genes expression was shown by real-time PCR and flow cytometric and western blot analysis indicating a higher level of CB2 receptor as compared to CB1 in RCC cells. Immunocytochemical staining also confirmed the expression of the CB1 and CB2 proteins. We also found that the synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN-55 exerted anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects by inhibiting the growth of RCC cell lines, while the CB2 agonist JWH-133 did not. Pharmacologically blocking the CB1 and CB2 receptors with their respective antagonists SR141716A and AM-630, followed by the WIN-55 treatment of RCC cells allowed uncovering the involvement of CB2, which led to an arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated the involvement of CB2 in the in vitro inhibition of RCC cells, and future applications of CB2 agonists in the prevention and management of RCC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Anna A Sobocińska
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zielniok
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,Warsaw Medical University, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Shi X, Wang L, Li X, Bai J, Li J, Li S, Wang Z, Zhou M. Dihydroartemisinin induces autophagy-dependent death in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through DNA double-strand break-mediated oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45981-45993. [PMID: 28526807 PMCID: PMC5542242 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin is an effective antimalarial agent with multiple biological activities. In the present investigation, we elucidated its therapeutic potential and working mechanism on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). It was demonstrated that dihydroartemisinin could significantly inhibit cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner by the Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assay in vitro. Meanwhile, autophagy was promoted in the Cal-27 cells treated by dihydroartemisinin, evidenced by increased LC3B-II level, increased autophagosome formation, and increased Beclin-1 level compared to dihydroartemisinin-untreated cells. Importantly, dihydroartemisinin caused DNA double-strand break with simultaneously increased γH2AX foci and oxidative stress; this inhibited the nuclear localization of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), finally leading to autophagic cell death. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of dihydroartemisinin-monotherapy was confirmed with a mouse xenograft model, and no kidney injury associated with toxic effect was observed after intraperitoneal injection with dihydroartemisinin for 3 weeks in vivo. In the present study, it was revealed that dihydroartemisinin-induced DNA double-strand break promoted oxidative stress, which decreased p-STAT3 (Tyr705) nuclear localization, and successively increased autophagic cell death in the Cal-27 cells. Thus, dihydroartemisinin alone may represent an effective and safe therapeutic agent for human TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China.,Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Mingrui Zhou
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
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12
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Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z, Abolhasani M, Shariftabrizi A, Rasti A, Asgari M. Expression of CD105 cancer stem cell marker in three subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:821-837. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center,
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine,
| | | | - Ahmad Shariftabrizi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology,
| | | | - Mojgan Asgari
- Oncopathology Research Center,
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center,
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13
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Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Brodaczewska KK, Bielecka ZF, Czarnecka AM. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Model Utilization in Renal Carcinoma Cancer Stem Cell Research. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1817:47-66. [PMID: 29959702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8600-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific 3D conditions of cancer cell lines have been optimized over last years, with growing significance of serum-free and xeno-free culture variants. The choice of proper culture media enables cancer stem cells proliferation in primary and stable cell lines. To obtain renal cell cancer stem-like phenotype, we employed media dedicated for mesenchymal cells and adult stem cells. Developed RCC cell line 3D culture system enables effective drug testing, including tyrosine kinase inhibitor anti-cancer cell toxicity. To induce formation of 3D spheroids by RCC cell lines, StemXvivo and NutriStem media must be used. Usage of laminin- or poly-D-lysine coated plates enhances also the formation of spheroids in 3D-promoting media. Seeding is optimal with Caki-1 or ACHN cell lines as well as 786-O or HKCSC cells. Our bio-mimic 3D RCC cell culture model promotes cell viability and stem-related gene expression including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, HIF1, HIF2, VEGF, Sox2, Pax2, and Nestin. 3D spheroid formation ability and spheroid volume increase are disturbed upon drug treatment. Untreated 3D structures reach ~100 μm in diameter at the end of 14-day long experiment. Sorter-based cell cycle analysis and Ki-67 staining should be conducted to verify specific toxicity. We suggest that due to the more complex architecture 3D RCC culture is more relevant to investigate the in vivo-like tumor drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Maliszewska-Olejniczak
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Sołtana, 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Klaudia K Brodaczewska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia F Bielecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Xiao W, Gao Z, Duan Y, Yuan W, Ke Y. Notch signaling plays a crucial role in cancer stem-like cells maintaining stemness and mediating chemotaxis in renal cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:41. [PMID: 28279221 PMCID: PMC5345133 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are correlated with the initiation, chemoresistance and relapse of tumors. Notch pathway has been reported to function in CSCs maintenance, but whether it is involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) CSCs maintaining stemness remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Notch pathway on stemness of CSCs in RCC and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The CD133+/CD24+ cells were isolated from RCC ACHN and Caki-1 cell line using Magnetic-activated cell sorting and identified by Flow cytometry analysis. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were used for determining the stemness maker expression. The effect of Notch pathway on function of CSCs was assessed by self-renewal ability, chemosensitivity, invasive and migratory ability tumorigenicity in vivo using soft agar colony formation assay, sphere-forming assay, MTT assay, Transwell assay. Results Here, we found that the sorted CD133+/CD24+cells possessed elevated stemness maker CTR2, BCL-2, MDR1, OCT-4, KLF4, compared with parental cells, as well as enhanced self-renewal ability, stronger resistance to cisplatin and sorafenib, increased invasion and migration, and higher tumorigenesis in vivo, suggesting the CD133+/CD24+ cells have the stem-like characteristics of CSCs and thus identified as RCC CSCs. Then the enhanced notch1, notch2, Jagged1, Jagged2, DLL1 and DLL4 expression were detected in RCC CSCs and blockage of Notch1 or notch2 using pharmacological inhibitor MRK-003 or its endogenous inhibitor Numb resulted in loss of its stemness features: self-renewal, chemoresistance, invasive and migratory potential, and tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, it is confirmed that overexpression of notch1 up-regulated CXCR4 inRCC CSCs and augmented SDF-1-induced chemotaxis in RCC CSCs in vitro, which could be rescued when treatment of CXCR4 inhibitor, suggesting that notch signaling promotes the chemotaxis of RCC CSCs by SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Conclusions Our results provide a new mechanism of RCC CSCs maintaining stemness via notch pathway as well as a potential therapeutic target in human RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixing Duan
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuxiong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
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