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Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Manna S, Baral T, Niharika, Roy A, Mishra P, Patra SK. Epigenetic regulation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:223-320. [PMID: 39032951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide. Besides genetic alterations, epigenetic modulations including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA mediated alteration of gene expression are the key driving forces for the prostate tumor development and cancer progression. Aberrant expression and/or the activity of the epigenetic modifiers/enzymes, results in aberrant expression of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, autophagy, tumor suppression and hormone response and thereby disease progression. Altered epigenome is associated with prostate cancer recurrence, progression, aggressiveness and transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent phenotype. These epigenetic modifications are reversible and various compounds/drugs targeting the epigenetic enzymes have been developed that are effective in cancer treatment. This chapter focuses on the epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer initiation and progression, listing different epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and their potential as therapeutic targets. This chapter also summarizes different epigenetic drugs approved for prostate cancer therapy and the drugs available for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Aung TM, Ngamjarus C, Proungvitaya T, Saengboonmee C, Proungvitaya S. Biomarkers for prognosis of meningioma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303337. [PMID: 38758750 PMCID: PMC11101050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor and many studies have evaluated numerous biomarkers for their prognostic value, often with inconsistent results. Currently, no reliable biomarkers are available to predict the survival, recurrence, and progression of meningioma patients in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of immunohistochemistry-based (IHC) biomarkers of meningioma patients. A systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2023 on PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus databases. Two authors independently reviewed the identified relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the studies included. Meta-analyses were performed with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. A total of 100 studies with 16,745 patients were included in this review. As the promising markers to predict OS of meningioma patients, Ki-67/MIB-1 (HR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.05) was identified to associate with poor prognosis of the patients. Overexpression of cyclin A (HR = 4.91, 95%CI 1.38 to 17.44), topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) (HR = 4.90, 95%CI 2.96 to 8.12), p53 (HR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.73 to 3.34), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (HR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.36 to 1.90), and Ki-67 (HR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.46), were identified also as unfavorable prognostic biomarkers for poor RFS of meningioma patients. Conversely, positive progesterone receptor (PR) and p21 staining were associated with longer RFS and are considered biomarkers of favorable prognosis of meningioma patients (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.88 and HR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.11 to 3.20). Additionally, high expression of Ki-67 was identified as a prognosis biomarker for poor PFS of meningioma patients (HR = 1.02, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.04). Although only in single studies, KPNA2, CDK6, Cox-2, MCM7 and PCNA are proposed as additional markers with high expression that are related with poor prognosis of meningioma patients. In conclusion, the results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that PR, cyclin A, TOP2A, p21, p53, VEGF and Ki-67 are either positively or negatively associated with survival of meningioma patients and might be useful biomarkers to assess the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin May Aung
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chetta Ngamjarus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Chen J, Xue Y, Ren L, Lv K, Du P, Cheng H, Sun S, Hua L, Xie Q, Wu R, Gong Y. Predicting meningioma grades and pathologic marker expression via deep learning. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2997-3008. [PMID: 37853176 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a deep learning (DL) model for predicting tumor grades and expression of pathologic markers of meningioma. METHODS A total of 1192 meningioma patients from two centers who underwent surgical resection between September 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively included. The pathological data and post-contrast T1-weight images for each patient were collected. The patients from institute I were subdivided into training, validation, and testing sets, while the patients from institute II served as the external testing cohort. The fine-tuned ResNet50 model based on transfer learning was adopted to classify WHO grade in the whole cohort and predict Ki-67 index, H3K27me3, and progesterone receptor (PR) status of grade 1 meningiomas. The predictive performance was evaluated by the accuracy and loss curve, confusion matrix, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and area under curve (AUC). RESULTS The DL prediction model for each label achieved high predictive performance in two cohorts. For WHO grade prediction, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.966 (95%CI 0.957-0.975) in the internal testing set and 0.669 (95%CI 0.643-0.695) in the external validation cohort. The AUC in predicting Ki-67 index, H3K27me3, and PR status were 0.905 (95%CI 0.895-0.915), 0.773 (95%CI 0.760-0.786), and 0.771 (95%CI 0.750-0.792) in the internal testing set and 0.591 (95%CI 0.562-0.620), 0.658 (95%CI 0.648-0.668), and 0.703 (95%CI 0.674-0.732) in the external validation cohort, respectively. CONCLUSION DL models can preoperatively predict meningioma grades and pathologic marker expression with favorable predictive performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Our DL model could predict meningioma grades and expression of pathologic markers and identify high-risk patients with WHO grade 1 meningioma, which would suggest a more aggressive operative intervention preoperatively and a more frequent follow-up schedule postoperatively. KEY POINTS WHO grades and some pathologic markers of meningioma were associated with therapeutic strategies and clinical outcomes. A deep learning-based approach was employed to develop a model for predicting meningioma grades and the expression of pathologic markers. Preoperative prediction of meningioma grades and the expression of pathologic markers was beneficial for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leihao Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai International Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruiqi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Enikeeva K, Rafikova G, Sharifyanova Y, Mulyukova D, Vanzin A, Pavlov V. Epigenetics as a Key Factor in Prostate Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300520. [PMID: 38379272 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of malignant neoplasms in men all over the world. Against the background of increasing incidence, there is a high mortality rate from prostate cancer, which is associated with an inadequate treatment strategy. Such a high prevalence of prostate cancer requires the development of methods that can ensure early detection of the disease, improve the effectiveness of treatment, and predict the therapeutic effect. Under these circumstances, it becomes crucial to focus on the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Due to the development of molecular genetic methods, a large number of studies have been accumulated on the role of epigenetic regulation of gene activity in cancer development, since it is epigenetic changes that can be detected at the earliest stages of cancer development. The presence of epigenetic aberrations in tumor tissue and correlations with drug resistance suggest new therapeutic approaches. Detection of epigenetic alterations such as CpG island methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs as biomarkers will improve the diagnosis of the disease, and the use of these strategies as targets for therapy will allow for greater personalization of prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriia Enikeeva
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Guzel Rafikova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Yuliya Sharifyanova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Diana Mulyukova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Alexandr Vanzin
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
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Ramadan F, Saab R, Ghamloush F, Khoueiry R, Herceg Z, Gomez L, Badran B, Clezardin P, Hussein N, Cohen PA, Ghayad SE. Exosome-Mediated Paracrine Signaling Unveils miR-1246 as a Driver of Aggressiveness in Fusion-Negative Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1652. [PMID: 38730605 PMCID: PMC11083369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a pediatric cancer associated with aggressiveness and a tendency to develop metastases. Fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) is the most commonly occurring subtype of RMS, where metastatic disease can hinder treatment success and decrease survival rates. RMS-derived exosomes were previously demonstrated to be enriched with miRNAs, including miR-1246, possibly contributing to disease aggressiveness. We aimed to decipher the functional impact of exosomal miR-1246 on recipient cells and its role in promoting aggressiveness. Treatment of normal fibroblasts with FN-RMS-derived exosomes resulted in a significant uptake of miR-1246 paired with an increase in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In turn, delivery of miR-1246-mimic lipoplexes promoted fibroblast proliferation, migration, and invasion in a similar manner. Conversely, when silencing miR-1246 in FN-RMS cells, the resulting derived exosomes demonstrated reversed effects on recipient cells' phenotype. Delivery of exosomal miR-1246 targets GSK3β and promotes β-catenin nuclear accumulation, suggesting a deregulation of the Wnt pathway, known to be important in tumor progression. Finally, a pilot clinical study highlighted, for the first time, the presence of high exosomal miR-1246 levels in RMS patients' sera. Altogether, our results demonstrate that exosomal miR-1246 has the potential to alter the tumor microenvironment of FN-RMS cells, suggesting its potential role in promoting oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ramadan
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; (F.R.); (P.C.)
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, 69372 Lyon, France
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1103, Lebanon; (B.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Raya Saab
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (R.S.); (F.G.)
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Farah Ghamloush
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (R.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Rita Khoueiry
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69366 Cedex 07 Lyon, France; (R.K.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69366 Cedex 07 Lyon, France; (R.K.); (Z.H.)
| | - Ludovic Gomez
- Laboratoire CarMeN—IRIS Team, INSERM, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, INSA-Lyon, Univ-Lyon, 69500 Bron, France;
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1103, Lebanon; (B.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Philippe Clezardin
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; (F.R.); (P.C.)
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Nader Hussein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1103, Lebanon; (B.B.); (N.H.)
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Pascale A. Cohen
- Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; (F.R.); (P.C.)
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Sandra E. Ghayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- C2VN, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Cancel M, Crottes D, Bellanger D, Bruyère F, Mousset C, Pinault M, Mahéo K, Fromont G. Variable effects of periprostatic adipose tissue on prostate cancer cells: Role of adipose tissue lipid composition and cancer cells related factors. Prostate 2024; 84:358-367. [PMID: 38112233 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) is likely to modulate prostate cancer (PCa) progression. We analyzed the variations in the effect of PPAT on cancer cells, according to its fatty acid (FA) composition and tumor characteristics. METHODS The expression of markers of aggressiveness Ki67 and Zeb1, and epigenetic marks that could be modified during PCa progression, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue-micro-array containing 59 pT3 PCa, including intra-prostatic areas and extra-prostatic foci in contact with PPAT belonging to the same tumor. In addition, we cocultivated PC3 and LNCaP cell lines with PPAT, which were then analyzed for FA composition. RESULTS Although the contact between PPAT and cancer cells led overall to an increase in Ki67 and Zeb1, and a decrease in the epigenetic marks 5MC, 5HMC, and H3K27ac, these effects were highly heterogeneous. Increased proliferation in extra-prostatic areas was associated with the international society of uropathology score. PC3 and LNCaP cocultures with PPAT led to increased Ki67, Zeb1 and H3K27me3, but only for PPAT associated with aggressive PCa. PC3 proliferation was correlated with high 20.2 n-6 and low 20.5n-3 in PPAT. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the effects of PPAT on cancer cells may depend on both PCa characteristics and PPAT composition, and could lead to propose nutritional supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cancel
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Crottes
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Coralie Mousset
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Michelle Pinault
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Faculté de Médecine, Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
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Liao RS, Ruan HT, Jang A, Huynh M, Nadal Rios R, Hoffman-Censits JH, Wei S, Mian OY, Barata PC. Emerging Insights in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract: From Diagnosis to Novel Therapeutic Horizons. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e430336. [PMID: 38176691 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_430336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Small-cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the genitourinary (GU) tract are rare malignancies with high metastatic potential. The most common primary sites are the bladder and prostate, but case reports of primary SCC of the kidney, ureter, and urethra also exist. The majority of patients present with gross hematuria, irritative or obstructive urinary symptoms, and symptoms of locoregionally advanced or metastatic disease at initial presentation. SCC of the bladder presents with nodal or metastatic involvement in the majority of cases and requires the use of platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiation. SCC of the prostate is most commonly seen in the metastatic castrate-resistant setting, and aggressive variant disease presents with a greater propensity for visceral metastases, osteolytic lesions, and relatively low serum prostate-specific antigen for volume of disease burden. Multiple retrospective and prospective randomized studies support the use of a multimodal approach combining platinum-based systemic therapy regimens with radiation and/or surgery for localized disease. This evidence-based strategy is reflected in multiple consensus guidelines. Emerging data suggest that small-cell bladder and prostate cancers transdifferentiate from a common progenitor of conventional urothelial bladder carcinoma and prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, respectively. Areas of active basic research include efforts to identify the key genetic and epigenetic drivers involved in the emergence of small cell cancers to exploit them for novel therapies. Here, we review these efforts, discuss diagnosis and currently supported management strategies, and summarize ongoing clinical trials evaluating novel therapies to treat this rare, aggressive GU cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross S Liao
- Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hui Ting Ruan
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Albert Jang
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Melissa Huynh
- Western University Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Shuanzeng Wei
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Omar Y Mian
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pedro C Barata
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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González-Muñoz JF, Sánchez-Sendra B, Monteagudo C. Diagnostic Algorithm to Subclassify Atypical Spitzoid Tumors in Low and High Risk According to Their Methylation Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:318. [PMID: 38203489 PMCID: PMC10779069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic algorithms are insufficient for the optimal clinical and therapeutic management of cutaneous spitzoid tumors, particularly atypical spitzoid tumors (AST). Therefore, it is crucial to identify new markers that allow for reliable and reproducible diagnostic assessment and can also be used as a predictive tool to anticipate the individual malignant potential of each patient, leading to tailored individual therapy. Using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS), we studied genome-wide methylation profiles of a series of Spitz nevi (SN), spitzoid melanoma (SM), and AST. We established a diagnostic algorithm based on the methylation status of seven cg sites located in TETK4P2 (Tektin 4 Pseudogene 2), MYO1D (Myosin ID), and PMF1-BGLAP (PMF1-BGLAP Readthrough), which allows the distinction between SN and SM but is also capable of subclassifying AST according to their similarity to the methylation levels of Spitz nevi or spitzoid melanoma. Thus, our epigenetic algorithm can predict the risk level of AST and predict its potential clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Sendra
- Skin Cancer Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain (B.S.-S.)
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Skin Cancer Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain (B.S.-S.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Chen Y, Zhao B, Zhu C, Bie C, He X, Zheng Z, Song X. Assessing the predictability of the H3K27M status in diffuse glioma patients using frequency importance analysis on chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 103:54-60. [PMID: 37442303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In diffuse glioma patients, Lys-27-Met mutations in histone 3 genes (H3K27M) are associated with an aggravated prognosis and further decreased overall survival. By using frequency importance analysis on chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, this study aimed to assess the predictability of the H3K27M status in diffuse glioma patients. METHODS Twenty-two patients diagnosed with diffuse glioma, with a known H3K27M status, were included in the present study. All patients underwent CEST MRI scans. The previously proposed frequency importance analysis was performed to determine the relative contribution of the amide and aliphatic protons for the differentiation between normal tissues and tumors. For this comparison, the conventional MTRasym analysis of amide protons at 3.5 ppm, i.e., the amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) signal, was employed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analyses. RESULTS The mean and 90th percentile of the ΔAPTw intensities, amide and aliphatic frequency importance values revealed statistically significant differences between the wildtype and the H3K27M-altered patient groups (p < 0.05). For the prediction of the H3K27M status, amide frequency importance achieved highest AUCs of 0.97, with a specificity of 0.93. In contrast, the ΔAPTw intensities and aliphatic frequency importance showed relatively lower AUCs (<0.35) in predicting the H3K27M status. CONCLUSIONS Amide frequency importance exhibited satisfactory performance in the prediction of the H3K27M status. As such, it may be considered as a non-invasive MRI biomarker for the diagnosis of diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Chen
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Benqi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Changhao Zhu
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chongxue Bie
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhuozhao Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China.
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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Rafikova G, Gilyazova I, Enikeeva K, Pavlov V, Kzhyshkowska J. Prostate Cancer: Genetics, Epigenetics and the Need for Immunological Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12797. [PMID: 37628978 PMCID: PMC10454494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data highlight prostate cancer as a significant global health issue, with high incidence and substantial impact on patients' quality of life. The prevalence of this disease is associated with various factors, including age, heredity, and race. Recent research in prostate cancer genetics has identified several genetic variants that may be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. However, despite the significance of these findings, genetic markers for prostate cancer are not currently utilized in clinical practice as reliable indicators of the disease. In addition to genetics, epigenetic alterations also play a crucial role in prostate cancer development. Aberrant DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure, and microRNA (miRNA) expression are major epigenetic events that influence oncogenesis. Existing markers for prostate cancer, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The cost of testing, follow-up procedures, and treatment for false-positive results and overdiagnosis contributes to the overall healthcare expenditure. Improving the effectiveness of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis requires either narrowing the risk group by identifying new genetic factors or enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of existing markers. Immunological biomarkers (both circulating and intra-tumoral), including markers of immune response and immune dysfunction, represent a potentially useful area of research for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Our review emphasizes the need for developing novel immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of prostate cancer. We highlight the most recent achievements in the identification of biomarkers provided by circulating monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We highlight that monocyte-derived and TAM-derived biomarkers can enable to establish the missing links between genetic predisposition, hormonal metabolism and immune responses in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Rafikova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Irina Gilyazova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Kadriia Enikeeva
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Genetic Technology Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Imamura J, Ganguly S, Muskara A, Liao RS, Nguyen JK, Weight C, Wee CE, Gupta S, Mian OY. Lineage plasticity and treatment resistance in prostate cancer: the intersection of genetics, epigenetics, and evolution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191311. [PMID: 37455903 PMCID: PMC10349394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer, and the development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the primary cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. While CRPC typically develops through a gain in androgen receptor (AR) signaling, a subset of CRPC will lose reliance on the AR. This process involves genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal changes that promote cellular plasticity, leading to AR-indifferent disease, with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) being the quintessential example. NEPC is enriched following treatment with second-generation anti-androgens and exhibits resistance to endocrine therapy. Loss of RB1, TP53, and PTEN expression and MYCN and AURKA amplification appear to be key drivers for NEPC differentiation. Epigenetic modifications also play an important role in the transition to a neuroendocrine phenotype. DNA methylation of specific gene promoters can regulate lineage commitment and differentiation. Histone methylation can suppress AR expression and promote neuroendocrine-specific gene expression. Emerging data suggest that EZH2 is a key regulator of this epigenetic rewiring. Several mechanisms drive AR-dependent castration resistance, notably AR splice variant expression, expression of the adrenal-permissive 3βHSD1 allele, and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Aberrant epigenetic regulation also promotes radioresistance by altering the expression of DNA repair- and cell cycle-related genes. Novel therapies are currently being developed to target these diverse genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal mechanisms promoting lineage plasticity-driven NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrell Imamura
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shinjini Ganguly
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Muskara
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ross S. Liao
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jane K. Nguyen
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Weight
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher E. Wee
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Omar Y. Mian
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Burlibasa L, Nicu AT, Chifiriuc MC, Medar C, Petrescu A, Jinga V, Stoica I. H3 histone methylation landscape in male urogenital cancers: from molecular mechanisms to epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181764. [PMID: 37228649 PMCID: PMC10203431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, male urogenital cancers (including prostate, renal, bladder and testicular cancers) have become one of the most frequently encountered malignancies affecting all ages. While their great variety has promoted the development of various diagnosis, treatment and monitoring strategies, some aspects such as the common involvement of epigenetic mechanisms are still not elucidated. Epigenetic processes have come into the spotlight in the past years as important players in the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to a plethora of studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and even as therapeutic targets. Thus, fostering research on the various epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in cancer remains a priority for the scientific community. This review focuses on one of the main epigenetic mechanisms, namely, the methylation of the histone H3 at various sites and its involvement in male urogenital cancers. This histone modification presents a great interest due to its modulatory effect on gene expression, leading either to activation (e.g., H3K4me3, H3K36me3) or repression (e.g., H3K27me3, H3K9me3). In the last few years, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of enzymes that methylate/demethylate histone H3 in cancer and inflammatory diseases, that might contribute to the initiation and progression of such disorders. We highlight how these particular epigenetic modifications are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or targets for the treatment of urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Medar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amelia Petrescu
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Fan X, Yang X, Guo N, Gao X, Zhao Y. Development of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature with potential implications in prognosis and immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:51. [PMID: 37087456 PMCID: PMC10122290 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a multisite malignancy that responds well to immunotherapy. Despite the initial enthusiasm, the clinical benefits of immunotherapy in HNSCC patients are overall limited. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been indicated to play a key role in the process of anti-tumor immune response mediation. However, ERS-related biomarkers which can accurately predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in HNSCC are still lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we identify and validate an ERS-related signature comprises of six genes (ASNS, EXOSC6, BAK1, TPP1, EXOSC8, and TATDN2) that can predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients. GSEA analysis indicates that the ERS-related signature is significantly correlated with tumor immunity in HNSCC. Moreover, the infiltration of naive B cells and CD8 + T cells are significantly diminished in patients with high-risk scores compared to those with low-risk scores, while macrophages and activated mast cells are remarkably enhanced. Furthermore, the ERS-related signature also displays a tremendous potential for predicting immunotherapy response in HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies an ERS-related signature that can predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients and highlights its potential value as a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response, potentially enabling more precise and personalized immunotherapy response and paving the way for further investigation of the prognostic and therapeutic potentials of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Second Ward of Head & Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, 110042, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P R China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Second Ward of Head & Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, 110042, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P R China
| | - Nan Guo
- Second Ward of Head & Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, 110042, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P R China
| | - Xin Gao
- Second Ward of Head & Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, 110042, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P R China
| | - Yuejiao Zhao
- Second Ward of Head & Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, 110042, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P R China.
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14
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Unger K, Hess J, Link V, Buchner A, Eze C, Li M, Stief C, Kirchner T, Klauschen F, Zitzelsberger H, Niyazi M, Ganswindt U, Schmidt-Hegemann NS, Belka C. DNA-methylation and genomic copy number in primary tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases in prostate cancer from patients with low and high Gleason score. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 39:100586. [PMID: 36935856 PMCID: PMC10014335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In prostate cancer, the indication to irradiate the pelvic lymphatic pathways in clinical node-negative patients is solely based on clinical nomograms. To define biological risk patterns of lymphatic spread, we studied DNA-methylation and genomic copy number in primary tumors and corresponding lymph nodes metastases. Methods/Patients DNA-methylation and genomic copy number profiles of primary tumors (PT) and paired synchronous lymph node metastases (LN) from Gleason Score (GS)-6/7a (n = 20 LN-positive, n = 20 LN-negative) and GS-9/10 patients (LN-positive n = 20) after prostatectomy and lymphonodectomy were analyzed. Results GS-6/7a pN0 PTs and GS-6/7a pN1 PTs differed in histone H3K27me3/H3K9me3 mediated methylation. PTs compared to LNs, in both, GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients showed large differences in DNA-methylation mediated by histones H3K4me1/2, in addition to copy number changes of chromosomal regions 11q13.1, 14q11.2 and 15q26.1. Between GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients, methylation levels differed more when comparing LNs than PTs. 16q21-22.1 was specifically lost in GS-9/10 pN0 PTs. Immune system-related pathways characterized the differences between PTs and LNs in both GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients. Comparing PTs and LKs between GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients revealed altered transmembrane and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. Conclusions Our data suggest that progression of prostate cancer, including lymphatic spread, is associated with histone-mediated DNA-methylation and we hypothesize a methylation signature predicting lymphatic spread in GS-6/7a patients from primary tumors. Lymphatic spread in GS-6/7a patients, flanked by DNA-methylation and CNA alterations, appears to be more complex than in GS-9/10 patients, in whom the primary tumors already appear to bear lymph node metastasis-enabling alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter-Landstr. 1, 85622 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Link
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Chukwuka Eze
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Minglun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Germany
| | - Nina-Sophie Schmidt-Hegemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
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15
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Yang L, Zhou M, Wang S, Yi X, Xiong G, Cheng J, Sai B, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Kuang Y, Zhu Y. Long Noncoding RNA SAMMSON Promotes Melanoma Progression by Inhibiting FOXA2 Expression. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:8934210. [PMID: 36798674 PMCID: PMC9928518 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8934210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in melanoma initiation and development, serving as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for melanoma. lncRNA survival-associated mitochondrial melanoma-specific oncogenic noncoding RNA (SAMMSON) is upregulated in many types of human cancers. However, the functions of SAMMSON in melanoma have not been fully elucidated. This study is aimed at investigating the expression and functions of SAMMSON in melanoma development. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the expression of SAMMSON and its correlation with the 10-year overall survival (OS) in melanoma patients. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis were detected by MTT, colony formation, Transwell assays, and mouse xenograft model. The expression of cell cycle-related factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) makers, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was assessed by RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis. The results demonstrated that SAMMSON expression was upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells, and lower SAMMSON expression was correlated with longer 10-year OS. SAMMSON knockdown decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-related genes, EMT factors, and MMPs, respectively. Additionally, Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) was confirmed to be a target of SAMMSON, and the biological effects induced by FOXA2 overexpression were similar to those induced by SAMMSON silencing in melanoma cells. Further studies showed that SAMMSON downregulated FOXA2 expression in melanoma cells by modulating the EZH2/H3K27me3 axis. Taken together, our data indicate that SAMMSON plays an important role in melanoma progression and can be a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Student Affairs, Guilin University of Technology Nanning Branch, Nanning, China
| | - Shulei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojia Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guohang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Buqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingmin Kuang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuechun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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16
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Johnson CA, Behbehani R, Buss F. Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121889. [PMID: 36551317 PMCID: PMC9775386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases.
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17
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Carvalho de Oliveira J, Mathias C, Oliveira VC, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. The Double Face of miR-708: A Pan-Cancer Player with Dissociative Identity Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122375. [PMID: 36553642 PMCID: PMC9777992 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, accumulating evidence has shown tumor-dependent profiles of miR-708, being either up- or downregulated, and thus, acting as a "Janus" regulator of oncogenic pathways. Herein, its functional duality was assessed through a thorough review of the literature and further validation in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. In the literature, miR-708 was found with an oncogenic role in eight tumor types, while a suppressor tumor role was described in seven cancers. This double profile was also found in TCGA and GEO databases, with some tumor types having a high expression of miR-708 and others with low expression compared with non-tumor counterparts. The investigation of validated targets using miRBase, miRTarBase, and miRecords platforms, identified a total of 572 genes that appeared enriched for PI3K-Akt signaling, followed by cell cycle control, p53, Apellin and Hippo signaling, endocrine resistance, focal adhesion, and cell senescence regulations, which are all recognized contributors of tumoral phenotypes. Among these targets, a set of 15 genes shared by at least two platforms was identified, most of which have important roles in cancer cells that influence either tumor suppression or progression. In a clinical scenario, miR-708 has shown to be a good diagnostic and prognosis marker. However, its multitarget nature and opposing roles in diverse human tumors, aligned with insufficient experimental data and the lack of proper delivery strategies, hamper its potential as a sequence-directed therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Mathias
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Verônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, Pirituba 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, Pirituba 05145-200, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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18
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Diaz-Valencia JD, Estrada-Abreo LA, Rodríguez-Cruz L, Salgado-Aguayo AR, Patiño-López G. Class I Myosins, molecular motors involved in cell migration and cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:1-12. [PMID: 34974807 PMCID: PMC8741282 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.2020705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Class I Myosins are a subfamily of motor proteins with ATPase activity and a characteristic structure conserved in all myosins: A N-Terminal Motor Domain, a central Neck and a C terminal Tail domain. Humans have eight genes for these myosins. Class I Myosins have different functions: regulate membrane tension, participate in endocytosis, exocytosis, intracellular trafficking and cell migration. Cell migration is influenced by many cellular components including motor proteins, like myosins. Recently has been reported that changes in myosin expression have an impact on the migration of cancer cells, the formation of infiltrates and metastasis. We propose that class I myosins might be potential markers for future diagnostic, prognostic or even as therapeutic targets in leukemia and other cancers.Abbreviations: Myo1g: Myosin 1g; ALL: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, TH1: Tail Homology 1; TH2: Tail Homology 2; TH3: Tail Homology 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Diaz-Valencia
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Estrada-Abreo
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cell Biology and Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, México City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Rodríguez-Cruz
- Cell Biology and Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, México City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso R. Salgado-Aguayo
- Rheumatic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Day CA, Hinchcliffe EH, Robinson JP. H3K27me3 in Diffuse Midline Glioma and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Opposing Epigenetic Changes Leading to the Same Poor Outcomes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213376. [PMID: 36359771 PMCID: PMC9655269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications modulate gene expression through epigenetic gene regulation. The core histone H3 family members, H3.1, H3.2, and H3.3, play a central role in epigenetics. H3 histones can acquire many post-translational modifications, including the trimethylation of H3K27 (H3K27me3), which represses transcription. Triple methylation of H3K27 is performed by the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), a component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Both global increases and decreases in H3K27me3 have been implicated in a wide range of cancer types. Here, we explore how opposing changes in H3K27me3 contribute to cancer by highlighting its role in two vastly different cancer types; (1) a form of glioma known as diffuse midline glioma H3K27-altered and (2) epithelial ovarian cancer. These two cancers vary widely in the age of onset, sex, associated mutations, and cell and organ type. However, both diffuse midline glioma and ovarian cancer have dysregulation of H3K27 methylation, triggering changes to the cancer cell transcriptome. In diffuse midline glioma, the loss of H3K27 methylation is a primary driving factor in tumorigenesis that promotes glial cell stemness and silences tumor suppressor genes. Conversely, hypermethylation of H3K27 occurs in late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, which promotes tumor vascularization and tumor cell migration. By using each cancer type as a case study, this review emphasizes the importance of H3K27me3 in cancer while demonstrating that the mechanisms of histone H3 modification and subsequent gene expression changes are not a one-size-fits-all across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Day
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Edward H. Hinchcliffe
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James P. Robinson
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Hou C, Xiao L, Ren X, Cheng L, Guo B, Zhang M, Yan N. EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 is a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in uveal melanoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1013475. [PMID: 36276954 PMCID: PMC9582331 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1013475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gene mutations and aberrant chromosomes are associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM), potential therapeutic targets still need to be explored. We aim to determine the predictive value and potential therapeutic target of EZH2 in uveal melanoma. Eighty-five uveal melanoma samples were recruited in our study, including 19 metastatic and 66 nonmetastatic samples. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and western blotting were applied to detect the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3. We found that EZH2 (41/85, 48.24%) and H3K27me3 (49/85, 57.65%) were overexpressed in uveal melanoma. The expression of EZH2 was not significantly associated with metastasis. High H3K27me3 expression was correlated with poor patient prognosis. UNC 1999, an EZH2 inhibitor, can downregulate H3K27me3 expression and has the most potency to inhibit OMM1 cell growth by the cell cycle and ferroptosis pathway. These results indicate that H3K27me3 can be a biomarker predicting a poor prognosis of UM. EZH2 is the potential therapeutic target for UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hou
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lirong Xiao
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Bo Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naihong Yan
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Naihong Yan,
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21
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Dual contribution of the mTOR pathway and of the metabolism of amino acids in prostate cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:831-859. [PMID: 36036882 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer in men, and its incidence increases with age. Among other risk factors, pre-existing metabolic diseases have been recently linked with prostate cancer, and our current knowledge recognizes prostate cancer as a condition with important metabolic anomalies as well. In malignancies, metabolic disorders are commonly associated with aberrations in mTOR, which is the master regulator of protein synthesis and energetic homeostasis. Although there are reports demonstrating the high dependency of prostate cancer cells for lipid derivatives and even for carbohydrates, the understanding regarding amino acids, and the relationship with the mTOR pathway ultimately resulting in metabolic aberrations, is still scarce. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES In this review, we briefly provide evidence supporting prostate cancer as a metabolic disease, and discuss what is known about mTOR signaling and prostate cancer. Next, we emphasized on the amino acids glutamine, leucine, serine, glycine, sarcosine, proline and arginine, commonly related to prostate cancer, to explore the alterations in their regulatory pathways and to link them with the associated metabolic reprogramming events seen in prostate cancer. Finally, we display potential therapeutic strategies for targeting mTOR and the referred amino acids, as experimental approaches to selectively attack prostate cancer cells.
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22
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Ghosh A, Lahiri A, Mukherjee S, Roy M, Datta A. Prevention of inorganic arsenic induced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in Swiss albino mice by black tea through epigenetic modulation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10341. [PMID: 36061029 PMCID: PMC9429555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Sanchez A, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Guy L, Bernard-Gallon D. Effects of GSK-J4 on JMJD3 Histone Demethylase in Mouse Prostate Cancer Xenografts. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:339-349. [PMID: 35430567 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Histone methylation status is required to control gene expression. H3K27me3 is an epigenetic tri-methylation modification to histone H3 controlled by the demethylase JMJD3. JMJD3 is dysregulated in a wide range of cancers and has been shown to control the expression of a specific growth-modulatory gene signature, making it an interesting candidate to better understand prostate tumor progression in vivo. This study aimed to identify the impact of JMJD3 inhibition by its inhibitor, GSK4, on prostate tumor growth in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostate cancer cell lines were implanted into Balb/c nude male mice. The effects of the selective JMJD3 inhibitor GSK-J4 on tumor growth were analyzed by bioluminescence assays and H3K27me3-regulated changes in gene expression were analyzed by ChIP-qPCR and RT-qPCR. RESULTS JMJD3 inhibition contributed to an increase in tumor growth in androgen-independent (AR-) xenografts and a decrease in androgen-dependent (AR+). GSK-J4 treatment modulated H3K27me3 enrichment on the gene panel in DU-145-luc xenografts while it had little effect on PC3-luc and no effect on LNCaP-luc. Effects of JMJD3 inhibition affected the panel gene expression. CONCLUSION JMJD3 has a differential effect in prostate tumor progression according to AR status. Our results suggest that JMJD3 is able to play a role independently of its demethylase function in androgen-independent prostate cancer. The effects of GSK-J4 on AR+ prostate xenografts led to a decrease in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Guy
- INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Urology, Gabriel Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France; .,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery and Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zhang N, Shang M, Li H, Wu L, Dong M, Huang B, Lu J, Zhang Y. Dual Inhibition of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 Promotes Tumor Cell Senescence without Triggering the Secretion of SASP. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073911. [PMID: 35409271 PMCID: PMC8999616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the most common cancer treatment. Although chemotherapeutic drugs induce tumor cell senescence, they are often associated with post-therapy tumor recurrence by inducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Therefore, it is important to identify effective strategies to induce tumor cell senescence without triggering SASP. In this study, we used the small molecule inhibitors, UNC0642 (G9a inhibitor) and UNC1999 (EZH2 inhibitor) alone or in combination, to inhibit H3K9 and H3K27 methylation in different cancer cells. Dual inhibition of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 in highly metastatic tumor cells had a stronger pro-senescence effect than either inhibitor alone and did not trigger SASP in tumor cells. Dual inhibition of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 suppressed the formation of cytosolic chromatin fragments, which inhibited the cGAS-STING-SASP pathway. Collectively, these data suggested that dual inhibition of H3K9 and H3K27 methylation induced senescence of highly metastatic tumor cells without triggering SASP by inhibiting the cGAS-STING-SASP pathway, providing a new mechanism for the epigenetics-based therapy targeting H3K9 and H3K27 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Mengjie Shang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (M.S.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Lan Wu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (M.S.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Meichen Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Jun Lu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (M.S.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8509-9798
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25
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Zhao H, Lin LF, Hahn J, Xie J, Holman HF, Yuan C. Single-Cell Image-Based Analysis Reveals Chromatin Changes during the Acquisition of Tamoxifen Drug Resistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030438. [PMID: 35330189 PMCID: PMC8950147 DOI: 10.3390/life12030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. The development of drug resistance can be partially contributed to tumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying epigenetic modulated drug resistance remains elusive. In this work, we systematically analyzed epigenetic changes in tamoxifen (Tam) responsive and resistant breast cancer cell line MCF7, and adopted a data-driven approach to identify key epigenetic features distinguishing between these two cell types. Significantly, we revealed that DNA methylation and H3K9me3 marks that constitute the heterochromatin are distinctively different between Tam-resistant and -responsive cells. We then performed time-lapse imaging of 5mC and H3K9me3 features using engineered probes. After Tam treatment, we observed a slow transition of MCF7 cells from a drug-responsive to -resistant population based on DNA methylation features. A similar trend was not observed using H3K9me3 probes. Collectively, our results suggest that DNA methylation changes partake in the establishment of Tam-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Instead of global changes in the DNA methylation level, the distribution of DNA methylation features inside the nucleus can be one of the drivers that facilitates the establishment of a drug resistant phenotype in MCF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Li F. Lin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Joshua Hahn
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Junkai Xie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Harvey F. Holman
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
| | - Chongli Yuan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (H.Z.); (L.F.L.); (J.H.); (J.X.); (H.F.H.)
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-5824; Fax: +1-765-494-0805
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Yan J, Huang QY, Huang YJ, Wang CS, Liu PX. SPATS2 is positively activated by long noncoding RNA SNHG5 via regulating DNMT3a expression to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262262. [PMID: 35077478 PMCID: PMC8789170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors with high mortality worldwide. Spermatogenesis-associated serine-rich 2 (SPATS2) could be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC. However, the regulatory mechanism of SPATS2 in HCC requires further elucidation. Therefore, the study’s objective was to investigate this process in HCC. In this study, we found that SPATS2 is significantly upregulated in HepG2 cells to promote cell growth and migration. SPATS2 is the target transcript of lncRNA SNHG5. SPATS2 positively affects the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells caused by the higher expression of SNHG5. Mechanistically, we identified that the elevated of SPATS2 was attributed to SNHG5 related hypomethylation of SPATS2. SNHG5 reduced the expression of DNMT3a to suppress the methylation level of SPATS2. Taken together, our results uncover a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism of lncRNA SNHG5-DNMT3a axis-related SPATS2 expression underlying HCC progression. This may serve as a novel prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qing Yu Huang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ya Jun Huang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chang Shan Wang
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (CSW); (PXL)
| | - Peng Xia Liu
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (CSW); (PXL)
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Pardo JC, Ruiz de Porras V, Gil J, Font A, Puig-Domingo M, Jordà M. Lipid Metabolism and Epigenetics Crosstalk in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:851. [PMID: 35215499 PMCID: PMC8874497 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant neoplasm in men in the Western world. Localized low-risk PCa has an excellent prognosis thanks to effective local treatments; however, despite the incorporation of new therapeutic strategies, metastatic PCa remains incurable mainly due to disease heterogeneity and the development of resistance to therapy. The mechanisms underlying PCa progression and therapy resistance are multiple and include metabolic reprogramming, especially in relation to lipid metabolism, as well as epigenetic remodelling, both of which enable cancer cells to adapt to dynamic changes in the tumour. Interestingly, metabolism and epigenetics are interconnected. Metabolism can regulate epigenetics through the direct influence of metabolites on epigenetic processes, while epigenetics can control metabolism by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of metabolic genes. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest an association between a high-fat diet, which can alter the availability of metabolites, and PCa progression. Here, we review the alterations of lipid metabolism and epigenetics in PCa, before focusing on the mechanisms that connect them. We also discuss the influence of diet in this scenario. This information may help to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers as well as targetable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Pardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.C.P.); (A.F.)
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Joan Gil
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.P.-D.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, CIBERER U747, ISCIII, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Font
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.C.P.); (A.F.)
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.P.-D.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.P.-D.)
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28
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Liang Y, Turcan S. Epigenetic Drugs and Their Immune Modulating Potential in Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020211. [PMID: 35203421 PMCID: PMC8868629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs are used for the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies; however, their therapeutic potential in solid tumors is still under investigation. Current evidence suggests that epigenetic drugs may lead to antitumor immunity by increasing antigen presentation and may enhance the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we highlight their impact on the tumor epigenome and discuss the recent evidence that epigenetic agents may optimize the immune microenvironment and promote antiviral response.
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Glioblastoma Cells during HCMV Infection Induces Secretome-Mediated Paracrine Effects in the Microenvironment. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010103. [PMID: 35062307 PMCID: PMC8777757 DOI: 10.3390/v14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary central nervous system neoplasia with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Following reports of cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in GBM tumors, the anti-viral drug Valganciclovir was administered and found to significantly increase the longevity of GBM patients. While these findings suggest a role for HCMV in GBM, the relationship between them is not clear and remains controversial. Treatment with anti-viral drugs may prove clinically useful; however, their results do not explain the underlying mechanism between HCMV infection and GBM progression. We hypothesized that HCMV infection would metabolically reprogram GBM cells and that these changes would allow for increased tumor progression. We infected LN-18 GBM cells and employed a Seahorse Bioanalyzer to characterize cellular metabolism. Increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic rates were observed following infection. These changes were accompanied by elevated production of reactive oxygen species and lactate. Due to lactate’s numerous tumor-promoting effects, we examined the impact of paracrine signaling of HCMV-infected GBM cells on uninfected stromal cells. Our results indicated that, independent of viral transmission, the secretome of HCMV-infected GBM cells was able to alter the expression of key metabolic proteins and epigenetic markers. This suggests a mechanism of action where reprogramming of GBM cells alters the surrounding tumor microenvironment to be permissive to tumor progression in a manner akin to the Reverse-Warburg Effect. Overall, this suggests a potential oncomodulatory role for HCMV in the context of GBM.
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Yildirim-Buharalioglu G. KDM6B Regulates Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation by Controlling c-MYC Expression. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 101:106-119. [PMID: 34862309 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and 6B (KDM6B) has been reported in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanism underlying the specific role of KDM6A/B in PCa is still fragmentary. Here, we report novel KDM6A/B downstream targets involved in controlling PCa cell proliferation. KDM6A and KDM6B mRNAs were higher in LNCaP but not in PC3 and DU145 cells. Higher KDM6A mRNA was confirmed at the protein level. A metastasis associated gene focussed oligonucleotide array was performed to identify KDM6A/B dependent genes in LNCaP cells treated with a KDM6 family selective inhibitor, GSK-J4. This identified 5 genes (c-MYC, NF2, CTBP1, EPHB2, PLAUR) that were decreased more than 50 % by GSK-J4 and c-MYC was the most downregulated gene. Array data was validated by quantitative RT-PCR, which detected a reduction in c-MYC steady state mRNA and pre-spliced mRNA, indicative of transcriptional repression of c-MYC gene expression. Furthermore, c-MYC protein was also decreased by GSK-J4. Importantly, GSK-J4 reduced mRNA and protein levels of c-MYC target gene, CyclinD1 (CCND1). Silencing of KDM6A/B with siRNA confirmed that expression of both c-MYC and CCND1 are dependent on KDM6B. Phosphorylated Retinoblastoma (pRb), a marker of G1 to S-phase transition, was decreased by GSK-J4 and KDM6B silencing. GSK-J4 treatment resulted decrease in cell proliferation and cell number, detected by MTS assay and conventional cell counting, respectively. Consequently, we conclude that KDM6B controlling c-MYC, CCND1 and pRb contribute regulation of PCa cell proliferation, which represents KDM6B as a promising epigenetic target for the treatment of advanced PCa. Significance Statement Lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and 6B (KDM6B) were upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we reported novel KDM6A/B downstream targets involved in controlling PCa cell proliferation. Amongst 84 metastasis associated genes, c-MYC was the most inhibited gene by KDM6 family inhibitor, GSK-J4. This was accompanied by decreased c-MYC target gene, CCND1 and pRb, which were selectively dependent on KDM6B. GSK-J4 decreased proliferation and cell counting. Consequently, we conclude that KDM6B controlling c-MYC, CCND1 and pRb contribute regulation of PCa proliferation.
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Liu X, Ma B, Chen M, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Chen H. Prognostic Autophagy-Related Genes of Gastric Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy. Front Genet 2021; 12:720849. [PMID: 34759953 PMCID: PMC8573096 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.720849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy resistance based on fluorouracil and cisplatin is one of the most encountered postoperative clinical problems in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer (GC), resulting in poor prognosis. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to combine autophagy-related genes (ARGs) to investigate the susceptibility patients with GC to postoperative chemotherapy. Methods: Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, gene expression data for GC patients undergoing chemotherapy were integrated and analyzed. Prognostic genes were screened based on univariate and multivariate analysis regression analysis. Subjects were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate OS and DFS. The accuracy of the prediction was determined by the subject operating characteristic curve analysis. In addition, stratified analyses based on different clinical variables was performed to assess the correlation between risk scores and clinical variables. Quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR was used to verify the expression of CXCR4 in GC tissues and cell lines. Results: A total of nine ARGs related to the prognosis of chemotherapy patients were screened out. Compared with normal gastric mucosa cell, CXCR4 showed elevated expression in GC and was significantly associated with survival. Based on GEO and TCGA databases, the model accurately predicted DFS and OS after chemotherapy. Conclusion: This study established prognostic markers based on nine genes, predicting that ARGs are related to chemotherapy susceptibility of GC patients, which can provide better individualized treatment regimens for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mali Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gansu Province Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Gansu Province Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Song X, Wang TX, Zhu XN, Tan SK. Immunological and prognostic significance of CBX2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1118-1129. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i19.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, has risen from 1.6 to 4.6 per 100000 people worldwide over the past 30 years. Guangxi has a high incidence of HCC in China, and its death rate ranks first in the spectrum of causes of tumor death in Guangxi, accounting for about 40% of all deaths from malignant tumors. Exploring the role of chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2) in HCC immunity will provide potential value for the treatment of this malignancy.
AIM To investigate the expression of CBX2 and analyze its immunological and prognostic significance in HCC.
METHODS The expression of CBX2 in 75 cases of HCC and matched non-tumor tissues was detected by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The relationship of CBX2 expression with the clinicopathologic features of HCC and survival prognosis was analyzed. Then, the differential expression of CBX2 between HCC and normal tissues was verified in The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA). Next, we explored the association between CBX2 expression and immunocyte infiltration, determined the relationship between CBX2 expression and immunosuppressors and immunostimulators, and identified the immune events that CBX2 was involved in through relevant GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. A multi-gene risk prediction model was developed using a COX regression model, thereby generating a risk score that is an independent predictor of survival prognosis. ROC analysis was performed to assess the predictive accuracy of the risk score. Finally, a prognostic model with a calibration curve was constructed to predict the patients' survival probability at 3 and 5 years.
RESULTS The positive expression of CBX2 in HCC tissue was 66.7% (50/75), which was significantly higher than that in matched non-tumor tissues (25.3% (19/75); P < 0.01). The expression of CBX2 was associated with TNM stage and AFP status (P < 0.05). The survival time of patients in the CBX2 positive group was significantly lower than that of the CBX2 negative group, suggesting that CBX2 positive expression may be related to the prognosis of HCC patients. TCGA database verification reached the same conclusion. The expression of CBX2 was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of T helper 2 cells. CBX2 was identified to be associated with 10 immunosuppressors and 23 immunostimulators, and enriched analysis of related GO and KEGG pathways showed that CBX2 was associated with immune events such as intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A production, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, cell adhesion molecules, and rheumatoid arthritis.
CONCLUSION CBX2 positive expression may be a prognostic risk factor in HCC patients. Our findings provide evidence for the role of CBX2 in tumor immunity in HCC, suggesting that CBX2 may be a potential immunoprognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tian-Xian Wang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sheng-Kui Tan
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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33
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Nassiri F, Wang JZ, Singh O, Karimi S, Dalcourt T, Ijad N, Pirouzmand N, Ng HK, Saladino A, Pollo B, Dimeco F, Yip S, Gao A, Aldape KD, Zadeh G. Loss of H3K27me3 in meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1282-1291. [PMID: 33970242 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical need for objective and reliable biomarkers of outcome in meningiomas beyond WHO classification. Loss of H3K27me3 has been reported as a prognostically unfavorable alteration in meningiomas. We sought to independently evaluate the reproducibility and prognostic value of H3K27me3 loss by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a multicenter study. METHODS IHC staining for H3K27me3 and analyses of whole slides from 181 meningiomas across three centers was performed. Staining was analyzed by dichotomization into loss and retained immunoreactivity, and using a 3-tiered scoring system in 151 cases with clear staining. Associations of grouping with outcome were performed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS A total of 21 of 151 tumors (13.9%) demonstrated complete loss of H3K27me3 staining in tumor with retained endothelial staining. Overall, loss of H3K27me3 portended a worse outcome with shorter times to recurrence in our cohort, particularly for WHO grade 2 tumors which were enriched in our study. There were no differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) for WHO grade 3 patients with retained vs loss of H3K27me3. Scoring by a 3-tiered system did not add further insights into the prognostic value of this H3K27me3 loss. Overall, loss of H3K27me3 was not independently associated with RFS after controlling for WHO grade, extent of resection, sex, age, and recurrence status of tumor on multivariable Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Loss of H3K27me3 identifies a subset of WHO grade 2 and possibly WHO grade 1 meningiomas with increased recurrence risk. Pooled analyses of a larger cohort of samples with standardized reporting of clinical definitions and staining patterns are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Nassiri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Z Wang
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Singh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirin Karimi
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatyana Dalcourt
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazanin Ijad
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neda Pirouzmand
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrea Saladino
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Dimeco
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Gao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sengupta S, Nayak B, Meuli M, Sander P, Mishra S, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phosphoribosyltransferase Promotes Bacterial Survival in Macrophages by Inducing Histone Hypermethylation in Autophagy-Related Genes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676456. [PMID: 34381738 PMCID: PMC8350138 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inhibits autophagy to promote its survival in host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Mtb inhibits autophagy are poorly understood. Here, we report a previously unknown mechanism in which Mtb phosphoribosyltransferase (MtbPRT) inhibits autophagy in an mTOR, negative regulator of autophagy, independent manner by inducing histone hypermethylation (H3K9me2/3) at the Atg5 and Atg7 promoters by activating p38-MAPK- and EHMT2 methyltransferase-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, we find that MtbPRT induces EZH2 methyltransferase-dependent H3K27me3 hypermethylation and reduces histone acetylation modifications (H3K9ac and H3K27ac) by upregulating histone deacetylase 3 to inhibit autophagy. In summary, this is the first demonstration that Mtb inhibits autophagy by inducing histone hypermethylation in autophagy-related genes to promote intracellular bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabasti Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Barsa Nayak
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Michael Meuli
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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35
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Qi W, Yan Q, Lv M, Song D, Wang X, Tian K. Prognostic Signature of Osteosarcoma Based on 14 Autophagy-Related Genes. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609782. [PMID: 34335109 PMCID: PMC8322075 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is a common malignancy of bone with inferior survival outcome. Autophagy can exert multifactorial influence on tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the specific function of genes related to autophagy in the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the association of genes related to autophagy with the survival outcome of osteosarcoma patients. Methods: The autophagy-associated genes that were related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma were optimized by LASSO Cox regression analysis. The survival of osteosarcoma patients was forecasted by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The immune infiltration status of 22 immune cell types in osteosarcoma patients with high and low risk scores was compared by using the CIBERSORT tool. Results: The risk score model constructed according to 14 autophagy-related genes (ATG4A, BAK1, BNIP3, CALCOCO2, CCL2, DAPK1, EGFR, FAS, GRID2, ITGA3, MYC, RAB33B, USP10, and WIPI1) could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. A nomogram model was established based on risk score and metastasis. Conclusion: Autophagy-related genes were identified as pivotal prognostic signatures, which could guide the clinical decision making in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- Department of West Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of Information Section, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Ming Lv
- Department of West Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Delei Song
- Department of West Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xianbin Wang
- Department of Eastern Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Kangsong Tian
- Department of West Hospital Orthopaedic Trauma, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
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36
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Macedo-Silva C, Benedetti R, Ciardiello F, Cappabianca S, Jerónimo C, Altucci L. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying prostate cancer radioresistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:125. [PMID: 34103085 PMCID: PMC8186094 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the mainstay treatments for prostate cancer (PCa), a highly prevalent neoplasm among males worldwide. About 30% of newly diagnosed PCa patients receive RT with a curative intent. However, biochemical relapse occurs in 20–40% of advanced PCa treated with RT either alone or in combination with adjuvant-hormonal therapy. Epigenetic alterations, frequently associated with molecular variations in PCa, contribute to the acquisition of a radioresistant phenotype. Increased DNA damage repair and cell cycle deregulation decreases radio-response in PCa patients. Moreover, the interplay between epigenome and cell growth pathways is extensively described in published literature. Importantly, as the clinical pattern of PCa ranges from an indolent tumor to an aggressive disease, discovering specific targetable epigenetic molecules able to overcome and predict PCa radioresistance is urgently needed. Currently, histone-deacetylase and DNA-methyltransferase inhibitors are the most studied classes of chromatin-modifying drugs (so-called ‘epidrugs’) within cancer radiosensitization context. Nonetheless, the lack of reliable validation trials is a foremost drawback. This review summarizes the major epigenetically induced changes in radioresistant-like PCa cells and describes recently reported targeted epigenetic therapies in pre-clinical and clinical settings. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo-Silva
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center at Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, F Bdg, 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center at Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, F Bdg, 1st Floor, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology at School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naplei, Italy.
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Lai F, Cheng Y, Zou J, Wang H, Zhu W, Wang X, Cheng H, Zhou R. Identification of Histone Modifications Reveals a Role of H2b Monoubiquitination in Transcriptional Regulation of dmrt1 in Monopterus albus. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2009-2020. [PMID: 34131402 PMCID: PMC8193266 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadal trans-differentiation from ovary to testis occurs in a same individual, suggesting a role of epigenetic regulation. However, histone modifications concerning the sex reversal process remain elusive. We analyzed histone modifications using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) technology was used to test chromatin immunoprecipitation of gonads. Western blot analysis was performed to analyze protein expression. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to localize proteins in gonadal tissues. Here, we report a developmental atlas of histone modifications in the gonadal differentiation, including acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. We provided a detail distribution map of these modification sites including novel histone modifications along histones H2a, H2b, H3, and H4, and revealed their relationship with types of gonadal differentiation. We then determined a testis-enriched histone modification site, H2b monoubiquitination at K120, and its association with spermatogenesis. ChIP-seq demonstrated that the modification was highly enriched in the male sex-determining gene dmrt1 (doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1), in particular, in its exon regions, suggesting its role in transcriptional regulation of dmrt1 in testis. Together, these data not only provide a new resource for epigenetic study in gonadal development, but also define an association of histone modifications with gonadal differentiation from ovary to testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hanhua Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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38
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Liu YP, Cao Q, Li L, Zhang M. High expression of spermatogenesis associated serine rich 2 promotes tumorigenicity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:698. [PMID: 33986862 PMCID: PMC8112131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis associated serine rich 2 (SPATS2), recognized as a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein, is implicated in the tumorgenicity of several cancers. However, the potential role of SPATS2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the functional implication of SPATS2 in ESCC. The ESCC cell lines Eca109 and KYSE-150 were used to conduct loss-of-function experiments. The expression patterns of SPATS2 in patients with ESCC were obtained from Oncomine, The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were applied to determine the expression levels of SPATS2 in ESCC cells. The proliferation of ESCC cells was measured via cell proliferation and colony-formation assays. Subsequently, the migration and invasion capacities of ESCC cells were observed using Transwell assays. Finally, the expression levels of P53, cyclin E, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and neuronal-cadherin were determined via western blot analysis. SPATS2 was expressed at higher levels in ESCC tissues compared with the controls, and high expression of SPATS2 was associated with poor prognosis. ESCC cell line proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were suppressed after silencing SPATS2. Moreover, following knockdown of SPATS2, the proteins cyclin E, MMP-9 and N-cadherin were expressed at markedly decreased levels, while P53 expression was increased. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that SPATS2 promotes ESCC development and progression, providing potential insights into future ESCC targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Peng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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39
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Shen X, Li Y, Xu Y, Liu M, Zhang Q, Yin R, Zhou M, Lin S, Fan H. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α cooperates with histone Lys methylation to predict prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomark Med 2021; 15:509-522. [PMID: 33856264 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and histone methylation markers as potential indicators of prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients & methods: The prognostic value of HIF-1α and histone methylation markers levels was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: HIF-1α protein expression was higher in ESCC tumors than in paracancerous tissues. Histone H3 Lys9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), histone H3 Lys4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone H4 Lys20 trimethylation (H4K20me3) were significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues. HIF-1α was only positively correlated with H3K9me3 and H3K4me3 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that H3K9me3, H3K27me3, H4K20me3 and histone H3 Lys36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) were independent indicators of prognosis for ESCC. Conclusion: This study identified a pattern of epigenetic methylation markers and HIF-1α expression in ESCC, and their combined evaluation might improve survival prediction for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics & Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes & Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular & Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular & Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Menghan Zhou
- School of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Shaofeng Lin
- School of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Developmental Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes & Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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40
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Peng Q, Weng K, Li S, Xu R, Wang Y, Wu Y. A Perspective of Epigenetic Regulation in Radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624312. [PMID: 33681204 PMCID: PMC7930394 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) has been employed as a tumoricidal modality for more than 100 years and on 470,000 patients each year in the United States. The ionizing radiation causes genetic changes and results in cell death. However, since the biological mechanism of radiation remains unclear, there is a pressing need to understand this mechanism to improve the killing effect on tumors and reduce the side effects on normal cells. DNA break and epigenetic remodeling can be induced by radiotherapy. Hence the modulation of histone modification enzymes may tune the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. For instance, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors sensitize irradiated cancer cells by amplifying the DNA damage signaling and inhibiting double-strand DNA break repair to influence the irradiated cells’ survival. However, the combination of epigenetic drugs and radiotherapy has only been evaluated in several ongoing clinical trials for limited cancer types, partly due to a lack of knowledge on the potential mechanisms on how radiation induces epigenetic regulation and chromatin remodeling. Here, we review recent advances of radiotherapy and radiotherapy-induced epigenetic remodeling and introduce related technologies for epigenetic monitoring. Particularly, we exploit the application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors to visualize dynamic epigenetic regulations in single living cells and tissue upon radiotherapy and drug treatment. We aim to bridge FRET biosensor, epigenetics, and radiotherapy, providing a perspective of using FRET to assess epigenetics and provide guidance for radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment. In the end, we discuss the feasibility of a combination of epigenetic drugs and radiotherapy as new approaches for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kegui Weng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shitian Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Arun S, Chaiyamoon A, Lapyuneyong N, Bunsueb S, Wu ATH, Iamsaard S. Chronic stress affects tyrosine phosphorylated protein expression and secretion of male rat epididymis. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13981. [PMID: 33469986 DOI: 10.1111/and.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress (CS) is shown to decrease the semen quality with changed expression of tyrosine phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins in testicular and seminal tissues. However, the alterations of such proteins and fluid contents in the epididymis, producing sperm maturation factors, have never been reported. Sixteen adult rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 8). The control animals were not subjected to stressors whereas CS rats were immobilised within restraint cage (4 hr/day) before cold forced-water swimming (15 min/day) for 60 days. Corticosterone, testosterone, blood glucose level (BGL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical components in epididymal fluid were assayed. Expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), androgen receptor (AR) and TyrPho protein were investigated in epididymal tissue and fluid. Significantly, CS increased the corticosterone and BGL but decreased testosterone and epididymal substance levels. MDA level in tail epididymal fluid and HSP-70 expression in both regions of epididymal tissues and fluids, except in head epididymal fluid of CS were increased. Epididymal tissues showed the decrease of AR expression. Presence and changes of many TyrPho proteins were observed in CS. In conclusion, CS could affect functional proteins particularly TyrPho in epididymis, resulted in low semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatcharee Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Natthapol Lapyuneyong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudtida Bunsueb
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alexander Tsang-Hsien Wu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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The Functions of the Demethylase JMJD3 in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020968. [PMID: 33478063 PMCID: PMC7835890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Epigenetic changes in response to external (diet, sports activities, etc.) and internal events are increasingly implicated in tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we focused on post-translational changes in histones and, more particularly, the tri methylation of lysine from histone 3 (H3K27me3) mark, a repressive epigenetic mark often under- or overexpressed in a wide range of cancers. Two actors regulate H3K27 methylation: Jumonji Domain-Containing Protein 3 demethylase (JMJD3) and Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyltransferase. A number of studies have highlighted the deregulation of these actors, which is why this scientific review will focus on the role of JMJD3 and, consequently, H3K27me3 in cancer development. Data on JMJD3’s involvement in cancer are classified by cancer type: nervous system, prostate, blood, colorectal, breast, lung, liver, ovarian, and gastric cancers.
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Houfaf Khoufaf FZ, Sanchez A, Idrissou M, Boisnier T, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Guy L, Bernard-Gallon D. Role of UTX Histone Demethylase in Regulation of MGMT, TRA2A, U2AF1, and RPS6KA2 Genes in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 25:129-131. [PMID: 33337267 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Zohra Houfaf Khoufaf
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mouhamed Idrissou
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphanie Boisnier
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Guy
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Urology, Gabriel Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Sasidharan Nair V, Saleh R, Toor SM, Taha RZ, Ahmed AA, Kurer MA, Murshed K, Abu Nada M, Elkord E. Epigenetic regulation of immune checkpoints and T cell exhaustion markers in tumor-infiltrating T cells of colorectal cancer patients. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1871-1882. [PMID: 33169618 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To elucidate the epigenetic alterations behind the upregulation of immune checkpoints and T cell exhaustion markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Materials & methods: mRNA expressions of different immune checkpoint/exhaustion markers were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and epigenetic investigations were performed using bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR. Results: mRNA expressions of PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4, PD-L1 and TOX2 were significantly upregulated in CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and bulk CRC tumor tissues. Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation was downregulated and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation was upregulated in PD-L1 and TOX2 promoters in tumor tissues, suggesting that PD-L1 and TOX2 upregulation in CRC tumors could be mediated by activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation. Conclusion: Epigenetic modifications in promoters of immune checkpoint and T cell exhaustion genes could induce their upregulation, and potentially implicate the use of epigenetic modifiers to enhance antitumor immunity in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O.Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O.Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O.Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O.Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman A Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Kurer
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Murshed
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O.Box: 34110, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Identification of the Roles of Chromobox Family Members in Gastric Cancer: A Study Based on Multiple Datasets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5306509. [PMID: 33344640 PMCID: PMC7732380 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5306509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background As the important components in polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), Chromobox (CBX) family members are involved in epigenetic regulatory function, transcriptional repression, and other cellular metabolisms. Increasing studies have indicated significant associations between CBX and tumorigenesis, which is a progression in different types of cancers. However, the information about the roles of each CBX in gastric cancer is extremely limited. Methods We explored CBX mRNA expression, corrections with clinicopathological parameters, protein expression, prognostic values, enrichment analysis with several databases including Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and Enrichr. Results In our study, comparing to the normal tissues, higher mRNA expression of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 and lower mRNA expression of CBX7 were found in GC tissues while upregulations of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 and downregulations of CBX7 were indicated to be significantly correlated to the nodal metastasis status and individual cancer stages in GC patients. As for protein level, the expression of CBX2/3/4/5/6 was higher and the expression of CBX7 was lower in the GC tissues than those in the normal. What is more, higher mRNA expression of CBX1/5/6/8 and lower mRNA expression of CBX7 were markedly correlated to poor outcomes of OS and FP in GC patients. Besides, high mutation rate of CBXs (42%) was observed in GC patients. Conclusions We suggest that CBX5/7 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for GC while CBX1/8 may serve as potential prognostic indicators for GC.
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Broad genic repression domains signify enhanced silencing of oncogenes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5560. [PMID: 33144558 PMCID: PMC7641226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers result from a set of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Most known oncogenes were identified by gain-of-function mutations in cancer, yet little is known about their epigenetic features. Through integrative analysis of 11,596 epigenomic profiles and mutations from >8200 tumor-normal pairs, we discover broad genic repression domains (BGRD) on chromatin as an epigenetic signature for oncogenes. A BGRD is a widespread enrichment domain of the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 and is further enriched with multiple other repressive marks including H3K9me3, H3K9me2, and H3K27me2. Further, BGRD displays widespread enrichment of repressed cis-regulatory elements. Shortening of BGRDs is linked to derepression of transcription. BGRDs at oncogenes tend to be conserved across normal cell types. Putative tumor-promoting genes and lncRNAs defined using BGRDs are experimentally verified as required for cancer phenotypes. Therefore, BGRDs play key roles in epigenetic regulation of cancer and provide a direction for mutation-independent discovery of oncogenes. Epigenetically altered genes can have a key role in cancer pathobiology but epigenetic signatures that distinguish oncogenes are not yet known. Here, the authors identify broad genic repression domains, defined by widespread H3K27me3 modification, as an epigenetic signature to provide mutation-independent information for discovery of potential oncogenes.
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SPATS2, negatively regulated by miR-145-5p, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through regulating cell cycle. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:837. [PMID: 33037180 PMCID: PMC7547105 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis associated serine rich 2 (SPATS2) has been reported to contribute to the tumorigenesis of multiple malignancies. The molecular function of SPATS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern and function roles of SPATS2 in HCC. The regulation of SPATS2 expression was also explored. We found that SPATS2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues in comparison with that in adjacent normal tissues. High expression of SPATS2 was associated with vascular invasion, advanced TNM stages, tumor multiplicity, and poor survival. Functionally, SPATS2 was found to promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, while knockdown of SPATS2 enhanced apoptosis and G1 arrest of HCC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis revealed that MiR-145-5p directly targeted SPATS2 and functional rescue experiments verified that MiR-145-5p overexpression could abolish the effect of SPATS2 on the regulation of HCC malignant phenotype. Taken together, our findings suggest that SPATS2 functions as an oncogene in HCC. The MiR-145-5p/SPATS2 axis provides a novel mechanism underlying HCC progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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48
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Ma T, Ma N, Chen JL, Tang FX, Zong Z, Yu ZM, Chen S, Zhou TC. Expression and prognostic value of Chromobox family members in gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:983-998. [PMID: 33209492 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chromobox (CBX) protein family, which is a crucial part of the epigenetic regulatory complex, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer; however, the function and prognostic value of CBX family members in gastric cancer is not clear. Methods we investigated the relationship between CBX members and gastric cancer using a range of tools and databases: Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, ULCAN, Metascape, and GEPIA. Results The results showed that, relative to normal gastric tissue, mRNA expression levels of CBX1-6 were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue, whereas the level of CBX7 was significantly lower. Furthermore, overexpression of CBX3-6 and underexpression of CBX7 mRNAs was significantly related to the poor prognosis and survival of gastric cancer patients, making these CBX family members useful biomarkers. Finally, overexpression of CBX1 mRNA was significantly related to the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Conclusions The members of the CBX family can be used as prognosis and survival biomarkers for gastric cancer and CBX1 may be a biomarker for choosing the chemotherapy regimen of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Xin Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tai-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Sasidharan Nair V, Saleh R, Taha RZ, Toor SM, Murshed K, Ahmed AA, Kurer MA, Abu Nada M, Al Ejeh F, Elkord E. Differential gene expression of tumor-infiltrating CD4 + T cells in advanced versus early stage colorectal cancer and identification of a gene signature of poor prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1825178. [PMID: 33101776 PMCID: PMC7553563 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1825178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play indispensable roles in the progression and response to treatment of solid tumors. However, the prognostic significance of CD4+ TILs is not fully disclosed in cancers generally and in CRC in particular, mainly due to the existence of different functional subsets of CD4+ T cells. We performed transcriptomic profiling of CD4+ TILs isolated from CRC patients in order to identify differentially expressed genes and their functional pathways in early versus advanced disease stages. We found that in advanced stages, genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, in particular Th1-mediated immune response and cytotoxicity-mediated genes, were downregulated; while epigenetic-mediated silencing genes were upregulated. Interestingly, we identified genes, which were steadily upregulated or downregulated in CD4+ TILs with CRC progression from stage I to IV. Additionally, of the top 200 deregulated genes, 43 upregulated and 64 downregulated genes showed similar deregulation trends in the cancer genome atlas CRC dataset. From these 97 deregulated genes, we identified a “poor prognosis CD4 gene signature (ppCD4sig)”. Patients with high ppCD4sig score showed shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free interval (PFI). The ppCD4sig was an independent prognostic indicator for DSS (HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.32–2.27, P = 0.0001) and PFI (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.3–2.35, P = 0.0016). Additionally, patients at advanced stages and at a younger age (<55 years) were more likely to have a high ppCD4sig score. Altogether, our data provide novel insights and a unique prognostic gene signature of CD4+ TILs in the CRC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Saleh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Murshed
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman A Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Kurer
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fares Al Ejeh
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
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