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Kurkowiak M, Grasso G, Faktor J, Scheiblecker L, Winniczuk M, Mayordomo MY, O'Neill JR, Oster B, Vojtesek B, Al-Saadi A, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Hupp TR. An integrated DNA and RNA variant detector identifies a highly conserved three base exon in the MAP4K5 kinase locus. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2556-2575. [PMID: 34190025 PMCID: PMC8632122 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1932345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA variants that emerge from editing and alternative splicing form important regulatory stages in protein signalling. In this report, we apply an integrated DNA and RNA variant detection workbench to define the range of RNA variants that deviate from the reference genome in a human melanoma cell model. The RNA variants can be grouped into (i) classic ADAR-like or APOBEC-like RNA editing events and (ii) multiple-nucleotide variants (MNVs) including three and six base pair in-frame non-canonical unmapped exons. We focus on validating representative genes of these classes. First, clustered non-synonymous RNA edits (A-I) in the CDK13 gene were validated by Sanger sequencing to confirm the integrity of the RNA variant detection workbench. Second, a highly conserved RNA variant in the MAP4K5 gene was detected that results most likely from the splicing of a non-canonical three-base exon. The two RNA variants produced from the MAP4K5 locus deviate from the genomic reference sequence and produce V569E or V569del isoform variants. Low doses of splicing inhibitors demonstrated that the MAP4K5-V569E variant emerges from an SF3B1-dependent splicing event. Mass spectrometry of the recombinant SBP-tagged MAP4K5V569E and MAP4K5V569del proteins pull-downs in transfected cell systems was used to identify the protein-protein interactions of these two MAP4K5 isoforms and propose possible functions. Together these data highlight the utility of this integrated DNA and RNA variant detection platform to detect RNA variants in cancer cells and support future analysis of RNA variant detection in cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Giuseppa Grasso
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Jakub Faktor
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.,Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Scheiblecker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Małgorzata Winniczuk
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcos Yebenes Mayordomo
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.,University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - J Robert O'Neill
- Cambridge Oesophagogastric Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bodil Oster
- QIAGEN Aarhus, Silkeborgvej 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Al-Saadi
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ted R Hupp
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdańsk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.,University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Zhou C, Xiao W, Wang X, Chen H, Niu S, Wang Q, Chang H, Wu X, Ding P, Pan Z, Wan X, Bao Y, Gao Y. Colorectal cancer under 20 years old: a retrospective analysis from three tertiary hospitals. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:1145-1155. [PMID: 32968876 PMCID: PMC7954766 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) rarely occurs in children and adolescents. This study aimed to perform a retrospective analysis and disclose more detailed information about CRC in patients under 20 years old. METHODS Medical records of CRCs in patients under 20 years old referred to three tertiary hospitals in China from September 2000 to July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment processes and laboratory findings were summarized and treatment outcomes and prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 33,394 CRC medical records were analyzed, and we identified seventy (0.21%) CRCs in patients under 20. The most common primary tumor location was the left hemicolon (35.7%). The prominent pathological types were mucinous adenocarcinoma (22.9%) and signet ring cell carcinoma (22.9%). Nearly half (47.1%) of the patients presented with distant metastasis at diagnosis. The fractions of patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) protein expression and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) were 23.8% (5/21) and 71.4% (5/7), respectively. Forty-four patients underwent radical surgery. Fifty-five patients received chemotherapy and six patients received radiotherapy. One dMMR/MSI-H rectal cancer patient received immunotherapy and achieved a clinically complete response. The median overall survival (OS) time was 80 months. The 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 61.8% and 57.2%, respectively. An absence of distant metastasis was a favorable factor for OS. For stage II/III CRCs, classic adenocarcinoma and radical surgery were favorable factors for OS. For stage IV CRCs, primary location at the colon was a favorable factor for OS. CONCLUSION Child and adolescent CRC patients are likely to have distant metastasis, undifferentiated, left hemicolon location, and a dMMR/MSI-H phenotype at diagnosis. Additional efforts are needed to improve their survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Shaoqing Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Peirong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiangbo Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yong Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanhong Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Chiang J, Yuen J, Shaw T, Goh HX, Li ST, Courtney E, Ngeow J. Predictive Testing for Tumor Predisposition Syndromes in Pediatric Relatives: An Asian Experience. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:568528. [PMID: 33194895 PMCID: PMC7661469 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.568528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of pediatric cancer patients possess germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) in known tumor predisposition genes. Predictive testing is the optimal approach to identify asymptomatic at-risk relatives to guide gene-directed surveillance for early cancer detection and/or risk-reducing strategies. However, the uptake rate for predictive testing remains low in Asian countries. We aim to evaluate the uptake rate of predictive testing in a pediatric population (aged under 21-years-old) in a multi-ethnic Asian cancer center. Our retrospective analysis included families with PV/LPVs identified in genes associated with pediatric tumor predisposition. Of the 83 pediatric first-degree relatives (FDRs) from 49 unrelated families, 20 FDRs (24.1%) originating from 13 families (26.6%) underwent predictive testing. Genes tested in pediatric FDRs were APC, RB1, SBDS, SDHA, SDHB, SDHD, and TP53. All pediatric FDRs of probands with PV/LPVs in RB1 and biallelic PVs in SBDS underwent predictive testing, while <45% of pediatric FDRs had predictive testing for familial PV/LPVs identified in the APC, SDHA, SDHB, SDHD, and TP53 genes. Amongst the 13 families who underwent pre-test counseling, 80% of pediatric FDRs in these families proceeded with predictive testing. Malay pediatric FDRs and siblings of probands were more likely to undergo predictive testing. We conclude that the predictive testing rate in pediatric FDRs is higher than that of adult FDRs in Asia, but still below the global average. We postulate factors that may influence predictive testing uptake in pediatric FDRs includes a lack of genetics awareness, concerns regarding insurance, and genetic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbang Chiang
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeanette Yuen
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tarryn Shaw
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Xuan Goh
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shao-Tzu Li
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eliza Courtney
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Cosin-Roger J, Ortiz-Masià MD, Barrachina MD. Macrophages as an Emerging Source of Wnt Ligands: Relevance in Mucosal Integrity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2297. [PMID: 31608072 PMCID: PMC6769121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a conserved pathway involved in important cellular processes such as the control of embryonic development, cellular polarity, cellular migration, and cell proliferation. In addition to playing a central role during embryogenesis, this pathway is also an essential part of adult homeostasis. Indeed, it controls the proliferation of epithelial cells in different organs such as intestine, lung, and kidney, and guarantees the maintenance of the mucosa in physiological conditions. The origin of this molecular pathway is the binding between Wnt ligands (belonging to a family of 19 different homologous secreted glycoproteins) and their specific membrane receptors, from the Frizzled receptor family. This specific interaction triggers the activation of the signaling cascade, which in turn activates or suppresses the expression of different genes in order to change the behavior of the cell. On the other hand, alterations of this pathway have been described in pathological conditions such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. In recent years, macrophages-among other cell types-have emerged as a potential source of Wnt ligands. Due to their high plasticity, macrophages, which are central to the innate immune response, are capable of adopting different phenotypes depending on their microenvironment. In the past, two different phenotypes were described: a proinflammatory phenotype-M1 macrophages-and an anti-inflammatory phenotype-M2 macrophages-and a selective expression of Wnt ligands has been associated with said phenotypes. However, nowadays it is assumed that macrophages in vivo move through a continual spectrum of functional phenotypes. In both physiological and pathological (inflammation, fibrosis and cancer) conditions, the accumulation and polarization of macrophages conditions the future of the tissue, facilitating various scenarios, such as resolution of inflammation, activation of fibrosis, and cancer development due to the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, in autocrine and paracrine manner. In this work, we provide an overview of studies that have explored the role of macrophages and how they act as a source of Wnt ligands and as mediators of mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mª Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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