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Rodrigues DB, Moreira HR, Jarnalo M, Horta R, Marques AP, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Generation of 3D melanoma models using an assembloid-based approach. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:93-110. [PMID: 38382833 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
While 3D tumor models have greatly evolved over the past years, there is still a strong requirement for more biosimilar models which are capable of recapitulating cellular crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment while equally displaying representative levels of tumor aggressiveness and invasion. Herein, we disclose an assembloid melanoma model based on the fusion of individual stromal multicellular spheroids (MCSs). In contrast to more traditional tumor models, we show that it is possible to develop self-organizing, heterotypic melanoma models where tumor cells present stem-cell like features like up-regulated pluripotency master regulators SOX2, POU5F1 and NANOG. Additionally, these assembloids display high levels of invasiveness while embedded in 3D matrices as evidenced by stromal cell promotion of melanoma cell invasion via metalloproteinase production. Furthermore, sensitivity to anticancer drug doxorubicin was demonstrated for the melanoma assembloid model. These findings suggest that melanoma assembloids may play a significant role in the field of 3D cancer models as they more closely mimic the tumor microenvironment when compared to more traditional MCSs, opening the doors to a better understanding of the role of tumor microenvironment in supporting tumor progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of complex 3D tumor models that better recapitulate the tumor microenvironment is crucial for both an improved comprehension of intercellular crosstalk and for more efficient drug screening. We have herein developed a self-organizing heterotypic assembloid-based melanoma model capable of closely mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Key features recapitulated were the preservation of cancer cell stemness, sensitivity to anti-cancer agents and tumor cell invasion promoted by stromal cells. The approach of pre-establishing distinct stromal domains for subsequent combination into more complex tumor constructs provides a route for developing superior tumor models with a higher degree of similarity to native cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Helena R Moreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Mariana Jarnalo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Burn Unity, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Horta
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Burn Unity, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
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2
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Bai H, Padron AS, Deng Y, Liao YJ, Murray CJ, Ontiveros C, Kari SJ, Kancharla A, Kornepati AVR, Garcia M, Reyes RM, Gupta HB, Conejo-Garcia JR, Curiel T. Pharmacological tumor PDL1 depletion with chlorambucil treats ovarian cancer and melanoma: improves antitumor immunity and renders anti-PDL1-resistant tumors anti-PDL1-sensitive through NK cell effects. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-004871. [PMID: 36759012 PMCID: PMC9923271 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor intracellular programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL1) mediates pathologic signals that regulate clinical treatment responses distinctly from surface-expressed PDL1 targeted by αPDL1 immune checkpoint blockade antibodies. METHODS We performed a drug screen for tumor cell PDL1 depleting drugs that identified Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved chlorambucil and also 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] guanine. We used in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate treatment and signaling effects of pharmacological tumor PDL1 depletion focused on chlorambucil as FDA approved, alone or plus αPDL1. RESULTS PDL1-expressing mouse and human ovarian cancer lines and mouse melanoma were more sensitive to chlorambucil-mediated proliferation inhibition in vitro versus corresponding genetically PDL1-depleted lines. Orthotopic peritoneal PDL1-expressing ID8agg ovarian cancer and subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors were more chlorambucil-sensitive in vivo versus corresponding genetically PDL1-depleted tumors. Chlorambucil enhanced αPDL1 efficacy in tumors otherwise αPDL1-refractory, and improved antitumor immunity and treatment efficacy in a natural killer cell-dependent manner alone and plus αPDL1. Chlorambucil-mediated PDL1 depletion was relatively tumor-cell selective in vivo, and treatment efficacy was preserved in PDL1KO hosts, demonstrating tumor PDL1-specific treatment effects. Chlorambucil induced PDL1-dependent immunogenic tumor cell death which could help explain immune contributions. Chlorambucil-mediated PDL1 reduction mechanisms were tumor cell-type-specific and involved transcriptional or post-translational mechanisms, including promoting PDL1 ubiquitination through the GSK3β/β-TRCP pathway. Chlorambucil-mediated tumor cell PDL1 depletion also phenocopied genetic PDL1 depletion in reducing tumor cell mTORC1 activation and tumor initiating cell content, and in augmenting autophagy, suggesting additional treatment potential. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological tumor PDL1 depletion with chlorambucil targets tumor-intrinsic PDL1 signaling that mediates treatment resistance, especially in αPDL1-resistant tumors, generates PDL1-dependent tumor immunogenicity and inhibits tumor growth in immune-dependent and independent manners. It could improve treatment efficacy of selected agents in otherwise treatment-refractory, including αPDL1-refractory cancers, and is rapidly clinically translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Bai
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alvaro S Padron
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yilun Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yiji J Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Clare J Murray
- Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos Ontiveros
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Suresh J Kari
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Aravind Kancharla
- Med Hematology/Oncology, UT Health Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Anand V R Kornepati
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Myrna Garcia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA,UT Health Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Michael Reyes
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA,UT Health Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA,Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, UT Health Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Harshita B Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Tyler Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA .,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,UT Health Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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3
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Chehade H, Purandare N, Fox A, Adzibolosu N, Jayee S, Singh A, Tedja R, Gogoi R, Aras S, Grossman LI, Mor G, Alvero AB. MNRR1 is a driver of ovarian cancer progression. Transl Oncol 2023; 29:101623. [PMID: 36641875 PMCID: PMC9860385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression requires the acquisition of mechanisms that support proliferative potential and metastatic capacity. MNRR1 (also CHCHD2, PARK22, AAG10) is a bi-organellar protein that in the mitochondria can bind to Bcl-xL to enhance its anti-apoptotic function, or to respiratory chain complex IV (COX IV) to increase mitochondrial respiration. In the nucleus, it can act as a transcription factor and promote the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, migration, and cellular stress response. Given that MNRR1 can regulate both apoptosis and mitochondrial respiration, as well as migration, we hypothesize that it can modulate metastatic spread. Using ovarian cancer models, we show heterogeneous protein expression levels of MNRR1 across samples tested and cell-dependent control of its stability and binding partners. In addition to its anti-apoptotic and bioenergetic functions, MNRR1 is both necessary and sufficient for a focal adhesion and ECM repertoire that can support spheroid formation. Its ectopic expression is sufficient to induce the adhesive glycoprotein THBS4 and the type 1 collagen, COL1A1. Conversely, its deletion leads to significant downregulation of these genes. Furthermore, loss of MNRR1 leads to delay in tumor growth, curtailed carcinomatosis, and improved survival in a syngeneic ovarian cancer mouse model. These results suggest targeting MNRR1 may improve survival in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Chehade
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra Fox
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas Adzibolosu
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shawn Jayee
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Aryan Singh
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Roslyn Tedja
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Gil Mor
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Corresponding author at: 275 E. Hancock St., Detroit, MI, 48201, United States.
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Development of the Peritoneal Metastasis: A Review of Back-Grounds, Mechanisms, Treatments and Prospects. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010103. [PMID: 36614904 PMCID: PMC9821147 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a malignant disease which originated from several gastrointestinal and gynecological carcinomas and has been leading to a suffering condition in patients for decades. Currently, as people have gradually become more aware of the severity of peritoneal carcinomatosis, new molecular mechanisms for targeting and new treatments have been proposed. However, due to the uncertainty of influencing factors involved and a lack of a standardized procedure for this treatment, as well as a need for more clinical data for specific evaluation, more research is needed, both for preventing and treating. We aim to summarize backgrounds, mechanisms and treatments in this area and conclude limitations or new aspects for treatments.
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5
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Plangger A, Rath B, Stickler S, Hochmair M, Lang C, Weigl L, Funovics M, Hamilton G. Cytotoxicity of combinations of the pan-KRAS SOS1 inhibitor BAY-293 against pancreatic cancer cell lines. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:84. [PMID: 36048281 PMCID: PMC9437170 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS is mutated in approximately 25% of cancer patients and first KRAS G12C-specific inhibitors showed promising responses. Pancreatic cancer has the highest frequency of KRAS mutations but the prevailing KRAS G12D mutation is difficult to target. Inhibition of the GTP exchange factor (GEF) SOS1-KRAS interaction impairs oncogenic signaling independently of the specific KRAS mutations. In general, cell lines exhibiting KRAS mutations show specific alterations in respect to glucose utilization, signal transduction and stress survival. The aim of this investigation was to check the putative synergy of the SOS1 inhibitor BAY-293 with modulators targeting specific vulnerabilities of KRAS-mutated cell lines in vitro. The cytotoxicity of BAY-293 combinations was tested against MIA PaCa-2 (G12C), AsPC1 (G12D) and BxPC3 (KRAS wildtype) cell lines using MTT tests and calculation of the combination indices (CI) according to the Chou-Talalay method. The results show that BAY-293 synergizes with modulators of glucose utilization, inhibitors of the downstream MAPK pathway and several chemotherapeutics in dependence of the specific KRAS status of the cell lines. In particular, divergent responses for BAY-293 combinations between pancreatic and NSCLC cell lines were observed for linsitinib, superior inhibitory effects of trametinib and PD98059 in NSCLC, and lack of activity with doxorubicin in case of the pancreatic cell lines. Phosphoproteome analysis revealed inhibition of distinct signaling pathways by BAY-293 for MIA PaCa-2 on the one hand and for Aspc1 and BH1362 on the other hand. In conclusion, BAY-293 exhibits synergy with drugs in dependence of the tumor type and specific KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Plangger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Stickler
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Hochmair
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Lang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Weigl
- Division of Special Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Funovics
- Department of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Akinjiyan FA, Dave RM, Alpert E, Longmore GD, Fuh KC. DDR2 Expression in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Ovarian Cancer Tumor Invasion and Metastasis through Periostin-ITGB1. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3482. [PMID: 35884543 PMCID: PMC9319689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all gynecologic malignancies. As such, there is a need to identify molecular mechanisms that underlie tumor metastasis in ovarian cancer. Increased expression of receptor tyrosine kinase, DDR2, has been associated with worse patient survival. Identifying downstream targets of DDR2 may allow specific modulation of ovarian cancer metastatic pathways. Additionally, stromal cells play a critical role in metastasis. The crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells can lead to tumor progression. We first identified that tumor cells co-cultured with DDR2-expressing fibroblasts had lower periostin expression when compared to tumor cells co-cultured with DDR2-depleted fibroblasts. We confirmed that DDR2 regulates POSTN expression in ovarian cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We found that mesothelial cell clearance and invasion by tumor cells were enhanced three-fold when DDR2 and POSTN-expressing CAFs were present compared to DDR2 and POSTN-depleted CAFs. Furthermore, DDR2-depleted and POSTN-overexpressing CAFs co-injected with ovarian tumor cells had increased tumor burden compared to mice injected with tumor cells and DDR2 and POSTN-depleted CAFs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DDR2 regulates periostin expression through integrin B1 (ITGB1). Stromal DDR2 is highly correlated with stromal POSTN expression in ovarian cancer patient tumors. Thus, DDR2 expression in CAFs regulates the steps of ovarian cancer metastasis through periostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour A. Akinjiyan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (F.A.A.); (R.M.D.); (E.A.)
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ritu M. Dave
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (F.A.A.); (R.M.D.); (E.A.)
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily Alpert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (F.A.A.); (R.M.D.); (E.A.)
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory D. Longmore
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine C. Fuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (F.A.A.); (R.M.D.); (E.A.)
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Ovarian Cancer Spheroids during Adhesion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061399. [PMID: 35326551 PMCID: PMC8946790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a deadly disease and its recurrence disease is due in part to the presence of disseminating ovarian cancer aggregates not removed by debulking surgery. During dissemination in a dynamic ascitic environment, the spheroid cells' metabolism is characterized by low respiration and fragmented mitochondria, a metabolic phenotype that may not support secondary outgrowth after adhesion. Here, we investigated how adhesion affects cellular respiration and substrate utilization of spheroids mimicking early stages of secondary metastasis. Using different glucose and oxygen levels, we investigated cellular metabolism at early time points of adherence (24 h and less) comparing slow and fast-developing disease models. We found that adhesion over time showed changes in cellular energy metabolism and substrate utilization, with a switch in the utilization of mostly glutamine to glucose but no changes in fatty acid oxidation. Interestingly, low glucose levels had less of an impact on cellular metabolism than hypoxia. A resilience to culture conditions and the capacity to utilize a broader spectrum of substrates more efficiently distinguished the highly aggressive cells from the cells representing slow-developing disease, suggesting a flexible metabolism contributes to the stem-like properties. These results indicate that adhesion to secondary sites initiates a metabolic switch in the oxidation of substrates that could support outgrowth and successful metastasis.
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8
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Sun C, Yang X, Wang T, Cheng M, Han Y. Ovarian Biomechanics: From Health to Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 11:744257. [PMID: 35070963 PMCID: PMC8776636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanics is a physical phenomenon which mainly related with deformation and movement of life forms. As a mechanical signal, it participates in the growth and development of many tissues and organs, including ovary. Mechanical signals not only participate in multiple processes in the ovary but also play a critical role in ovarian growth and normal physiological functions. Additionally, the involvement of mechanical signals has been found in ovarian cancer and other ovarian diseases, prompting us to focus on the roles of mechanical signals in the process of ovarian health to disease. This review mainly discusses the effects and signal transduction of biomechanics (including elastic force, shear force, compressive stress and tensile stress) in ovarian development as a regulatory signal, as well as in the pathological process of normal ovarian diseases and cancer. This review also aims to provide new research ideas for the further research and treatment of ovarian-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yangyang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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9
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Identification of key molecular markers in epithelial ovarian cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:983-994. [PMID: 34794761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current research was aimed to identify candidate genes associated with development and progression of epithelial ovarian carcinoma using bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened and validated candidate genes associated with carcinogenesis and development of epithelial ovarian carcinoma via bioinformatic analysis in three microarray datasets (GSE14407, GSE29450, and GSE54388) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RESULTS Our bioinformatic analysis identified 514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and nine candidate hub genes (CCNB1, CDK1, BUB1, CDC20, CCNA2, BUB1B, AURKA, RRM2, and TTK). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter showed that high expression levels of seven candidate genes (CCNB1, RRM2, BUB1, CCNA2, AURKA, CDK1, and BUB1B) were associated with poor overall survival (OS). Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) revealed a higher expression level of these seven candidate genes in ovarian carcinoma samples than in normal ovarian samples. Immunostaining results from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database suggested that the protein expression levels of CCNB1, CCNA2, AURKA, and CDK1 were increased in ovarian cancer tissues. No difference was observed in RRM2 protein expression level between normal ovarian and ovarian cancer samples. Oncomine analysis revealed an association between the expression patterns of BUB1B, CCNA2, AURKA, CCNB1, CDK1, and BUB1 and patient clinicopathological information. Finally, six genes, namely CCNB1, CCNA2, AURKA, BUB1, BUB1B, and CDK1, were identified as hub genes and a transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network was constructed to identify TFs, including POLR2A, ZBTB11, KLF9, and ELF1, that were implicated in regulating these hub genes. CONCLUSION Six significant hub DEGs associated with a poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer were identified. These could be potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer patients.
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10
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Luo S, Wang Y, Tao Y, Li S, Wang Z, He W, Wang H, Wang N, Xu J, Song H. Application in Gene Editing in Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Cancer Invest 2021; 40:387-399. [PMID: 34758691 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1998521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The onset and progression of ovarian cancer (OC) are closely related to dysregulated gene expression. Current treatments for OC are mainly limited to surgery and chemotherapy. However, due to low drug sensitivity, the prognosis OC is exceptionally poor and the recurrence rate remains high. Hence, it is vital to develop new treatment strategies. Gene editing for site-specific genomic modification is a powerful novel tool for the treatment of OC. In this article, current gene editing research for the treatment of OC is reviewed to provide a reference for the clinical application of new approaches to improve treatment outcomes and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongyu Tao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hangxing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of General Surgery, Dalang Hospital, Dongguan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hailiang Song
- Department of General Surgery, Dalang Hospital, Dongguan, China
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Chirshev E, Suzuki T, Wang H, Nguyen A, Hojo N, Sanderman L, Mirshahidi S, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. Let-7i Reduces Aggressive Phenotype and Induces BRCAness in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184617. [PMID: 34572843 PMCID: PMC8468164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is a deadly gynecological cancer with poor long-term survival. Dysregulation of microRNAs has been shown to contribute to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), an important part of oncogenesis and tumor progression. The let-7 family of microRNAs has previously been shown to regulate stemness and has tumor suppressive actions in a variety of cancers, including ovarian. Here, we demonstrate tumor suppressor actions of let-7i: repression of cancer cell stemness, inhibition of migration and invasion, and promotion of apoptosis, features important for cancer progression, relapse, and metastasis. Let-7i over-expression results in increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in samples without BRCA mutations, consistent with induction of BRCAness phenotype. We also show that let-7i inhibits the expression of several factors involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, providing potential mechanisms by which the BRCAness phenotype could be induced. These actions of let-7i add to the rationale for use of this miRNA as a treatment for ovarian cancer patients, including those without mutations in the HRR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chirshev
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tise Suzuki
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Anthony Nguyen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Nozomi Hojo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Linda Sanderman
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Biology Department, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Yevgeniya J. Ioffe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Shu XL, Shao Q, Luo Q, Diao QC, Zhang X, Sui JD, Guo J, Tao D, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang C. Transcriptional E2F1/2/3/6 as potential prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:420-433. [PMID: 33527034 PMCID: PMC7847504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the abnormal expression of members of the E2F family has been reported to participate in carcinogenesis in many human types of cancer, the bioinformatics role of the E2F family in melanoma is unknown. This research was designed to detect the expression, methylation, prognostic value and potential effects of the E2F family in melanoma. We investigated E2F family mRNA expression from the Oncomine and GEPIA databases and their methylation status in the MethHC database. Meanwhile, we detected the relative E2F family expression levels by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to draw survival analysis charts, and gene functional enrichment analyses were applied through cBioPortal database analysis. E2F1/2/3/4/5/6 mRNA and proteins were clearly upregulated in cutaneous melanoma patients, and high expression levels of E2F1/2/3/6 were statistically related to high methylation levels. Increased mRNA expression of E2F1/2/3/6 was related to lower overall survival rates (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in cutaneous melanoma cases. Meanwhile, E2F1/2/3/6 carried out these effects through regulating multiple signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K-Akt and p53 signaling pathways. Taking together, our findings suggest that E2F1/2/3/6 could act as potential targets for precision therapy in cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChongqing 400011, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Qing-Chun Diao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChongqing 400011, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Sui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
| | - Can Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030, China
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13
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Perrone MG, Luisi O, De Grassi A, Ferorelli S, Cormio G, Scilimati A. Translational Theragnosis of Ovarian Cancer: where do we stand? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5675-5715. [PMID: 31419925 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190816232330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for approximately 220,000 deaths annually worldwide. Despite radical surgery and initial high response rates to platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy, most patients experience a relapse, with a median progression-free survival of only 18 months. Overall survival is approximately 30% at 5 years from the diagnosis. In comparison, patients out from breast cancer are more than 80 % after ten years from the disease discovery. In spite of a large number of published fundamental and applied research, and clinical trials, novel therapies are urgently needed to improve outcomes of the ovarian cancer. The success of new drugs development in ovarian cancer will strongly depend on both fully genomic disease characterization and, then, availability of biomarkers able to identify women likely to benefit from a given new therapy. METHODS In this review, the focus is given to describe how complex is the diseases under the simple name of ovarian cancer, in terms of cell tumor types, histotypes, subtypes, and specific gene mutation or differently expressed in the tumor with respect the healthy ovary. The first- and second-line pharmacological treatment clinically used over the last fifty years are also described. Noteworthy achievements in vitro and in vivo tested new drugs are also summarized. Recent literature related to up to date ovarian cancer knowledge, its detection by biomarkers and chemotherapy was searched from several articles on Pubmed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and various Governmental Agencies till April 2019. RESULTS The papers referenced by this review allow a deep analysis of status of the art in the classification of the several types of ovarian cancer, the present knowledge of diagnosis based on biomarkers and imaging techniques, and the therapies developed over the past five decades. CONCLUSION This review aims at stimulating more multi-disciplinary efforts to identify a panel of novel and more specific biomarkers to be used to screen patients for a very early diagnosis, to have prognosis and therapy efficacy indications. The desired final goal would be to have available tools allowing to reduce the recurrence rate, increase both the disease progression free interval and of course the overall survival at five years from the diagnosis that today is still very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Oreste Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Sui X, Chen Y, Liu B, Li L, Huang X, Wang M, Wang G, Gao X, Zhang L, Bao X, Yang D, Wang X, Zhong C. The relationship between KRAS gene mutation and intestinal flora in tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1085. [PMID: 33145304 PMCID: PMC7575961 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is among the most prominent malignant tumors endangering human health, with affected populations exhibiting an increasingly younger trend. The Kirsten ras (KRAS) gene acts as a crucial regulator in this disease and influences multiple signaling pathways. In the present study, the KRAS gene mutation-induced alteration of intestinal flora in colorectal cancer patients was explored, and the intestinal microbes that may be affected by the KRAS gene were examined to provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from 177 colorectal cancer patients in our hospital. The mutation of the KRAS gene was subsequently detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and survival analysis was performed. Moreover, genomic DNA was extracted from the fecal microbes in 30 of these patients, and the differences in the intestinal flora between mutation and non-mutation groups were evaluated using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) Effect size (LEfSe) analysis. Results KRAS gene mutation substantially affected the distant metastasis of colorectal cancer, and the survival prognosis in the non-mutation group was significantly superior compared to the mutation group. The mutation group had a notably higher prevalence of microbes including Roseburia, Parabacteroides, Metascardovia, Staphylococcus, Staphylococcaceae, and Bacillales than the non-mutation group. The presence of microbes in the non-mutation group, such as Clostridiales, Bacteroidetes, Lachnospiraceae, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcaceae was markedly higher than in the mutation group. Firmicutes were negatively correlated with the presence of Actinomyces and Bacteroidetes, while Bacteroidetes were positively associated with the level of Actinomyces. Conclusions In colorectal cancer, KRAS gene mutation can remarkably affect the survival prognosis and change the composition and abundance of intestinal flora, such as Roseburia, Parabacteroides, Metascardovia, Staphylococcus, and Bacillales, thereby influencing tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Sui
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- Laboratory department, Mian County Hospital, Mian, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhou X, Zhao R, Wang H. Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in gynecological cancer research. Clin Genet 2020; 97:827-834. [PMID: 32040210 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose a significant threat to women's health worldwide, with cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer having high incidences. Current gynecological cancer treatment methods mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy. The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology as a new therapeutic method has shown tremendous effect in the treatment of other cancers, promoting research on its potential therapeutic effect in gynecological cancer. In this article, we reviewed the current research status of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gynecological cancer, focusing on the importance of studying the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 in gynecological cancer treatment, thereby laying a foundation for further research on its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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