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Cao F, Sun H, Yang Z, Bai Y, Hu X, Hou Y, Bian X, Liu Y. Multiple approaches revealed MGc80-3 as a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells rather than a gastric cancer cell line. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:155-168. [PMID: 37543987 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The short-tandem-repeats (STR) profiles of MGc80-3 and HeLa partially overlap, raising suspicion of contamination in the MGc80-3 cell line. However, there has not been any relevant study demonstrating whether MGc80-3 was fully replaced by HeLa cells, just mixed with HeLa cells (co-existing), or was a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells. In addition to STR profiling, various approaches, including single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping, polymerase chain reaction, screening for human papillomaviruses type 18 (HPV-18) fragment, chromosome karyotyping, pathological examination of xenografts, tissue-specific-90-gene expression signature and high-throughput RNA sequencing were used to determine the nature of MGc80-3. Our study found that the abnormal STR profile, partially overlapping with that of HeLa cells (64.62% to 71.64%), could not verify MGc80-3 as a HeLa cell line. However, the STR 13.3 repeat allele in the D13S317 locus that seemed to be unique to HeLa cells was detected in MGc80-3. Almost all the MGc80-3 cells exhibited HPV-18 fragments in the genome as well as certain HeLa marker chromosomes, such as M7 and M12. The molecular assay of the 90-gene expression signature still considered MGc80-3 as a stomach cancer using an algorithmic analysis. The expression pattern of multiple genes in MGc80-3 was quite different from that in HeLa cells, which showed that certain characteristics belonged to gastric cancer cell lines. High throughput RNA sequencing showed the distinct patterns of gene expression in MGc80-3. In conclusion, MGc80-3 cell line is a somatic hybrid with HeLa cells rather than a pure gastric cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenli Yang
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Bian
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cell Resource Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liu Q, Chen L, Yu M, Zhou X, Zhang X, Zheng W, Niu S, Zhou F. Prevalence of cervical precancers or cancers in women with ASC-H/HSIL cytology according to Aptima HPV (AHPV) assay-detected HPV genotypes and age. J Cancer 2024; 15:140-148. [PMID: 38164279 PMCID: PMC10751681 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Aimed to potentially risk-stratify patients with different cervical cytology diagnoses, by HPV genotypes and/or age, we have conducted a series of studies to examine the prevalence of cervical precancers and cancers for women with different cytology diagnoses. This paper will be focusing on patients with ASC-H/HSIL cytology. Methods: In total, 1183 patients aged 20-78 years with atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out HSIL (ASC-H)/HSIL by cytology underwent AHPV assay and cervical biopsy in a developed region in southern China were included in this study. Results: Overall, 59.2% women with ASC-H/HSIL cytology had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2/3 lesions while 1.6% had adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) lesions. Compared to other groups, HPV-16+ group (80.8%) showed a significantly higher prevalence of CIN2/3 than other genotype+ groups (p<0.0001). Further, HPV-16+ (9.3%) or HPV-18/45+ (6.3%) group showed a significantly higher prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than other genotype+ groups (p<0.0001). The prevalence of AIS glandular lesions in HPV-18/45+ group (13.8%) is significantly higher than other genotype groups (p<0.0001). When stratified by age, younger group showed a significantly higher prevalence of CIN2/3 (p=0.009) while older group presented an obvious higher prevalence of SCC (p<0.0001). Conclusions: In this patient population, among women with ASC-H/HSIL cytology, HPV positive groups are at significantly higher risk of CIN2/3 compared to HPV negative group. Specifically, prevalence of CIN2/3 and SCC is significantly higher in HPV-16+ group while AIS lesions are more prevalent among HPV-18/45+ patients. In addition, younger group showed a significantly higher prevalence of CIN2/3 while older group presented an obvious higher prevalence of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Liqing Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310006, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Shuang Niu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Dovnik A, Repše Fokter A. The Role of p16/Ki67 Dual Staining in Cervical Cancer Screening. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8476-8491. [PMID: 37886977 PMCID: PMC10605736 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer screening has enabled a decrease in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Various screening modalities have been studied to date. In many countries, screening is still based on cervical cytology, where cervical cells obtained either on glass or in a liquid medium are examined under a microscope. However, the fact that the vast majority of cervical cancers are a result of persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hr-HPV) has led to the implementation of primary HPV screening in many countries. Taking into consideration the fact that the majority of HPV infections are transient and do not cause cervical precancer, effective triage methods are needed to prevent an increase in colposcopy referrals. Among these, the most extensively investigated are HPV genotyping, HPV methylation, and p16/Ki67 dual staining. In this manuscript, we briefly summarize the current knowledge regarding different screening strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer, with a focus on p16/Ki67 dual staining. In addition, we provide an explanation regarding the rationale for the use of various screening modalities based on the molecular biology of cervical cancer and cervical precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dovnik
- University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Repše Fokter
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, General Hospital Celje, Oblakova 5, 3000 Celje, Slovenia;
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Maina D, Chung MH, Temmerman M, Moloo Z, Wawire J, Greene SA, Unger ER, Mugo N, Sakr S, Sayed S, McGrath CJ. P16 expression and recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after cryotherapy among women living with HIV. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1277480. [PMID: 37881629 PMCID: PMC10597651 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1277480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of p16 protein, a surrogate marker for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), is associated with cervical dysplasia. We evaluated correlates of p16 expression at treatment for high-grade cervical lesions and its utility in predicting the recurrence of cervical intraepithelial lesions grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) following cryotherapy among women with HIV. Methods This is a subgroup analysis of women with HIV in Kenya with baseline cervical biopsy-confirmed CIN2+ who were randomized to receive cryotherapy and followed every six-months for two-years for biopsy-confirmed recurrence of CIN2+. P16 immunohistochemistry was performed on the baseline cervical biopsy with a positive result defined as strong abnormal nuclear expression in a continuous block segment of cells (at least 10-20 cells). Results Among the 200 women with CIN2+ randomized to cryotherapy, 160 (80%) had a baseline cervical biopsy specimen available, of whom 94 (59%) were p16-positive. p16 expression at baseline was associated with presence of any one of 14 hrHPV genotypes [Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.2; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.03-9.78], multiple lifetime sexual partners (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.03-2.54) and detectable plasma HIV viral load (>1,000 copies/mL; OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01-2.03). Longer antiretroviral therapy duration (≥2 years) at baseline had lower odds of p16 expression (OR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.87) than <2 years of antiretroviral therapy. Fifty-one women had CIN2+ recurrence over 2-years, of whom 33 (65%) were p16-positive at baseline. p16 was not associated with CIN2+ recurrence (Hazard Ratio = 1.35; 95% CI, 0.76-2.40). Conclusion In this population of women with HIV and CIN2+, 41% of lesions were p16 negative and baseline p16 expression did not predict recurrence of cervical neoplasia during two-year follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael H. Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zahir Moloo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan Wawire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sharon A. Greene
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Nelly Mugo
- Sexual Reproductive and Adolescent Child Health Research Program, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine J. McGrath
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Ittiamornlert P, Jareemit N, Phianpiset R, Kuljarusnont S, Hanamornroongruang S, Horthongkham N, Khajorndumrongcherdkul P, Ruengkhachorn I. High-risk human papillomavirus genotyping in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12134. [PMID: 37495771 PMCID: PMC10372087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) positivity in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Additionally, we assessed the association of hr-HPV positivity with the pathology of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+) and the risk of subsequent detection of squamous intraepithelial lesions. A total of 376 women were included, with 242 (64.4%) exhibiting hr-HPV positivity. The predominant HPV genotypes were 16, 52 and 58. Factors associated with the immediate detection of HSIL+ pathology included a colposcopic impression of high-grade lesions, hr-HPV positivity, HPV 16 positivity, HPV 18 positivity, HPV 58 positivity, age less than 40 years, and biopsy of two or more pieces. However, only the first three factors were statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Among the 291 women who continued surveillance for 6 months or more, the median follow-up period was 41.8 months (interquartile range [IQR] 26.5-54.0). The prevalence of subsequent HSIL in women with hr-HPV positivity versus negativity was 3.6% versus 0.98%, respectively. The median time to the subsequent detection of SIL was 28.7 months (IQR 14.9-41.7). In conclusion, women with ASC-US in our study had a high proportion of hr-HPV positivity. Type-specific HPV testing could play a pivotal role in the development of specific management protocols for women with ASC-US.Clinical trial registration: https://thaiclinicaltrials.org , TCTR20161017002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornporm Ittiamornlert
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nida Jareemit
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Phianpiset
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sompop Kuljarusnont
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Navin Horthongkham
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornnida Khajorndumrongcherdkul
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Nursing, Department of Nursing Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irene Ruengkhachorn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Major AL, Mayboroda I, Riger A. Successful Preventive Treatment of Oncogenic Transforming HPV Infections in Low-Grade Cytology (ASC-US/LSIL) Patients with an Adsorptive and Antioxidant Vaginal Gel. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4142. [PMID: 37373835 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of a vaginal gel on p16/Ki-67-positive abnormal cytological cervical findings (ASC-US, LSIL) and hr-HPV in women. METHODS The study included 134 women with p16/Ki-67-positive ASC-US or LSIL. Participants were selected from a randomized controlled trial that focused on women with histological diagnoses of p16-positive CIN1 lesions or CIN2. In the treatment group (TG), 57 patients applied the vaginal gel daily for three months, while 77 patients in the "watchful wait" control group (CG) received no treatment. The study's endpoints were cytological development, p16/Ki-67 and hr-HPV clearances. RESULTS At three months, cytopathological results improved in 74% (42/57) of patients in the TG, compared with 18% (14/77) in the CG. Progression occurred in 7% (4/57) of TG patients compared with 18% (14/77) of CG patients. The p16/Ki-67 status changed statistically significantly in favor of the TG (p < 0.001), with 83% (47/57) becoming negative, compared with 18% (14/77) in the CG. The prevalence of hr-HPV decreased significantly in the TG by 51%, and by 9% in the CG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Topical application of the gel resulted in statistically significant clearance of hr-HPV and p16/Ki-67 concomitant with amelioration of cytological findings, thus providing effective prevention and protection against oncogenic development. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN11009040, on 10 December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Louis Major
- Femina Gynaecology Centre, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urgench Branch of Tashkent Medical Academy, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan
| | - Ivanna Mayboroda
- Femina Gynaecology Centre, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Hospital of Yverdon-les-Bains, 1400 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
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Mathematical Modelling of Cervical Precancerous Lesion Grade Risk Scores: Linear Regression Analysis of Cellular Protein Biomarkers and Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 RNA Staining Patterns. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061084. [PMID: 36980391 PMCID: PMC10047622 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current practice of determining histologic grade with a single molecular biomarker can facilitate differential diagnosis but cannot predict the risk of lesion progression. Cancer is caused by complex mechanisms, and no single biomarker can both make accurate diagnoses and predict progression risk. Modelling using multiple biomarkers can be used to derive scores for risk prediction. Mathematical models (MMs) may be capable of making predictions from biomarker data. Therefore, this study aimed to develop MM–based scores for predicting the risk of precancerous cervical lesion progression and identifying precancerous lesions in patients in northern Thailand by evaluating the expression of multiple biomarkers. The MMs (Models 1–5) were developed in the test sample set based on patient age range (five categories) and biomarker levels (cortactin, p16INK4A, and Ki–67 by immunohistochemistry [IHC], and HPV E6/E7 ribonucleic acid (RNA) by in situ hybridization [ISH]). The risk scores for the prediction of cervical lesion progression (“risk biomolecules”) ranged from 2.56–2.60 in the normal and low–grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cases and from 3.54–3.62 in cases where precancerous lesions were predicted to progress. In Model 4, 23/86 (26.7%) normal and LSIL cases had biomolecule levels that suggested a risk of progression, while 5/86 (5.8%) cases were identified as precancerous lesions. Additionally, histologic grading with a single molecular biomarker did not identify 23 cases with risk, preventing close patient monitoring. These results suggest that biomarker level–based risk scores are useful for predicting the risk of cervical lesion progression and identifying precancerous lesion development. This multiple biomarker–based strategy may ultimately have utility for predicting cancer progression in other contexts.
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Popiel-Kopaczyk A, Grzegrzolka J, Piotrowska A, Olbromski M, Smolarz B, Romanowicz H, Rusak A, Mrozowska M, Dziegiel P, Podhorska-Okolow M, Kobierzycki C. The Expression of Testin, Ki-67 and p16 in Cervical Cancer Diagnostics. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:490-500. [PMID: 36661518 PMCID: PMC9857082 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Testin is a protein expressed in normal human tissues, being responsible, with other cytoskeleton proteins, for the proper functioning of cell−cell junction areas and focal adhesion plaques. It takes part in the regulation of actin filament changes during cell spreading and motility. Loss of heterozygosity in the testin-encoding gene results in altered protein expression in many malignancies, as partly described for cervical cancer. The aim of our study was the assessment of the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of testin in cervical cancer and its analysis in regard to clinical data as well the expression of the Ki-67 antigen and p16 protein. Moreover, testin expression was assessed by Western blot (WB) in commercially available cell lines. The IHC analysis disclosed that the expression of testin inversely correlated with p16 (r = −0.2104, p < 0.0465) and Ki-67 expression (r = −0.2359, p < 0.0278). Moreover, weaker testin expression was observed in cancer cases vs. control ones (p < 0.0113). The WB analysis of testin expression in the cervical cancer cell lines corresponded to the IHC results and showed a weaker expression compared to that in the control cell line. When we compared the expression of testin in cervical cancer cell lines, we found a weaker expression in HPV-negative cell lines. In summary, we found that the intensity of testin expression and the number of positive cells inversely correlated with the expression of Ki-67 (a marker of proliferation) and p16 (a marker of cell cycle dysregulation). This study shows that the combined assessment of testin, Ki-67 and p16 expression may improve cervical cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Smolarz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Christopher Kobierzycki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Jawahar G, Rao GN, J BR, J A, B N, S S. Predictive Value of Anti- E6 Oncoprotein (High Risk- Human Papilloma Virus) and p16 Ink4a for Detecting HPV in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3915-3922. [PMID: 36444605 PMCID: PMC9930954 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and to examine the association of HPV in histological grades of dysplasia using p16 and Anti-E6 oncoprotein immunohistochemistry (IHC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study focused on clinically diagnosed oral potentially malignant disorders. Clinical parameters such as age, gender, habits, occupation, duration, site, and the type of the lesions were examined and the incisional biopsy was done on the selected cases for the histopathological diagnosis. Selected cases of OPMDs were screened immunohistochemically for HPV 16 and HPV 18 (high-risk group) positivity using p16INK4a and Anti-E6 oncoprotein. The immunohistochemical p16 expression was evaluated based on (a) percentage of p16 positive cases and (b) pattern of p16 staining in various grades of OPMD. RESULTS Anti-E6 oncoprotein (HR-HPV) expression level was only detected in 11 cases (37%), and positive expression of p16 was found in three cases (10%), with variation in cell proportion and intensity. Subsequently, the association between p16 expression level and clinicopathological characteristic factors was analyzed and a significant association was found between age and histopathology. CONCLUSION There was an association between HPV and OPMD. Both biomarker tests, HPV E6 and p16 immunocytochemistry had a specific role in the detection of HR-HPV. Anti-E6 immunocytochemistry can be a valuable test with higher specificity for HPV DNA detection in oral epithelial dysplasia without losing sensitivity.
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Secosan C, Balint O, Ilian A, Balan L, Balulescu L, Motoc A, Zahoi D, Grigoras D, Pirtea L. New Insights in the Diagnosis of Rare Adenocarcinoma Variants of the Cervix—Case Report and Review of Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081410. [PMID: 36011067 PMCID: PMC9408547 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 29-year-old patient with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (L-SIL), negative human papilloma virus (HPV), positive p16/Ki-67 dual-staining and colposcopy suggestive for severe dysplastic lesion. The patient underwent a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), the pathology report revealing mesonephric hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The patient also opted for non-standard fertility-sparing treatment. The trachelectomy pathology report described a zone of hyperplasia at the limit of resection towards the uterine isthmus. Two supplementary interpretations of the slides and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed. The results supported the diagnosis of mesonephric adenocarcinoma, although with difficulty in differentiating it from mesonephric hyperplasia. Given the discordant pathology results that were inconclusive in establishing a precise diagnosis of the lesion and the state of the limits of resection, the patient was referred to a specialist abroad. Furthermore, the additional interpretation of the slides and IHC were performed, the results suggesting a clear cell carcinoma. The positive p16/Ki-67 dual-staining prior to LEEP, the non-specific IHC and the difficulties in establishing a diagnosis made the case interesting. Given the limitations of cytology and the fact that these variants are independent of HPV infection, dual staining p16/Ki-67 could potentially become useful in the diagnosis of rare adenocarcinoma variants of the cervix, however further documentation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Secosan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Oana Balint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-740-282-844
| | - Aurora Ilian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lavinia Balan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Ligia Balulescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Andrei Motoc
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Delia Zahoi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dorin Grigoras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Laurentiu Pirtea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.); (A.I.); (L.B.); (L.B.); (D.G.); (L.P.)
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11
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Peterson C, Parikh RN, Ahmad MT, Campbell AA, Daoud Y, Mahoney N, Siadati S, Eberhart CG. Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Squamous Lesions of the Conjunctiva Using RNA and DNA In-Situ Hybridization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137249. [PMID: 35806252 PMCID: PMC9266440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In-situ hybridization provides a convenient and reliable method to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Cases of conjunctival papillomas, conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), conjunctival carcinoma in situ (cCIS), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in which low-risk (LR) and/or high-risk (HR) HPV types were evaluated by RNA or DNA in-situ hybridization, were retrospectively identified. LR HPV types were frequently detected in conjunctival papillomas (25/30, 83%), including 17/18 (94%) with RNA probes, compared to 8/12 (75%) with DNA probes. None of the CIN/cCIS or SCC cases were positive for LR HPV by either method. HR HPV was detected by RNA in-situ hybridization in 1/16 (6%) of CIN/cCIS cases and 2/4 (50%) of SCC cases, while DNA in-situ hybridization failed to detect HPV infection in any of the CIN/cCIS lesions. Reactive atypia and dysplasia observed in papillomas was generally associated with the detection of LR HPV types. Collectively, our findings indicate RNA in-situ hybridization may provide a high-sensitivity approach for identifying HPV infection in squamous lesions of the conjunctiva and facilitate the distinction between reactive atypia and true dysplasia. There was no clear association between HPV infection and atopy in papillomas or dysplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Rupin N. Parikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.N.P.); (M.T.A.); (A.A.C.); (Y.D.); (N.M.)
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Meleha T. Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.N.P.); (M.T.A.); (A.A.C.); (Y.D.); (N.M.)
| | - Ashley A. Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.N.P.); (M.T.A.); (A.A.C.); (Y.D.); (N.M.)
| | - Yassine Daoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.N.P.); (M.T.A.); (A.A.C.); (Y.D.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicholas Mahoney
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.N.P.); (M.T.A.); (A.A.C.); (Y.D.); (N.M.)
| | - Sepideh Siadati
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Charles G. Eberhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (R.N.P.); (M.T.A.); (A.A.C.); (Y.D.); (N.M.)
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(410)-502-5185
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12
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The Role of p16/Ki-67 Immunostaining, hTERC Amplification and Fibronectin in Predicting Cervical Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070956. [PMID: 36101337 PMCID: PMC9312145 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are common sexually transmitted infectious agents responsible for several anogenital and head and neck cancers. Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cause of death in women with cancer. The progression of a persistent HPV infection to cancer takes 15–20 years and can be preventable through screening. Cervical cytology (Pap smear) is the standard screening test for CC and precancerous lesions. For ASC-US and ASC-H lesions, a combination of Pap smear and HR-HPV analysis is recommended as a triage step before colposcopy. However, these tests cannot predict progression to CC. For this purpose, we summarized current scientific data on the role of p16/Ki-67 immunohistostaining, telomerase and fibronectin in predicting progression to CC. p16 and p16/Ki-67 dual staining (DS) were more specific than HR-HPV DNA testing for the detection of CIN2+/CIN3+ in women with ASC-US and LSIL. Similarly, hTERC FISH analysis significantly improved the specificity and positive predictive value of HPV DNA testing in differentiating CIN2+ from CIN2 cytological samples. In conclusion, p16 IHC, p16/Ki-67 DS and hTERC FISH amplification are all valid adjunctive biomarkers which significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity of cervical dysplasia diagnosis, especially when combined with HPV DNA testing. However, considering the global socioeconomic background, we can postulate that p16 and p16/ Ki-67 IHC can be used as a next step after positive cytology for ASC-US or LSIL specimens in low-income countries, instead of HPV DNA testing. Alternatively, if HPV DNA testing is covered by insurance, p16 or p16/Ki-67 DS and HPV DNA co-testing can be performed. In middle- and high-income countries, hTERC amplification can be performed as an adjunctive test to HPV DNA testing in women with ASC-US and LSIL.
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13
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Andralojc KM, Elmelik D, Rasing M, Pater B, Siebers AG, Bekkers R, Huynen MA, Bulten J, Loopik D, Melchers WJG, Leenders WPJ. Targeted RNA next generation sequencing analysis of cervical smears can predict the presence of hrHPV-induced cervical lesions. BMC Med 2022; 20:206. [PMID: 35676700 PMCID: PMC9178797 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because most cervical cancers are caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs), cervical cancer prevention programs increasingly employ hrHPV testing as a primary test. The high sensitivity of HPV tests is accompanied by low specificity, resulting in high rates of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Targeted circular probe-based RNA next generation sequencing (ciRNAseq) allows for the quantitative detection of RNAs of interest with high sequencing depth. Here, we examined the potential of ciRNAseq-testing on cervical scrapes to identify hrHPV-positive women at risk of having or developing high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS We performed ciRNAseq on 610 cervical scrapes from the Dutch cervical cancer screening program to detect gene expression from 15 hrHPV genotypes and from 429 human genes. Differentially expressed hrHPV- and host genes in scrapes from women with outcome "no CIN" or "CIN2+" were identified and a model was built to distinguish these groups. RESULTS Apart from increasing percentages of hrHPV oncogene expression from "no CIN" to high-grade cytology/histology, we identified genes involved in cell cycle regulation, tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, immune suppression, and DNA repair being expressed at significantly higher levels in scrapes with high-grade cytology and histology. Machine learning using random forest on all the expression data resulted in a model that detected 'no CIN' versus CIN2+ in an independent data set with sensitivity and specificity of respectively 85 ± 8% and 72 ± 13%. CONCLUSIONS CiRNAseq on exfoliated cells in cervical scrapes measures hrHPV-(onco)gene expression and host gene expression in one single assay and in the process identifies HPV genotype. By combining these data and applying machine learning protocols, the risk of CIN can be calculated. Because ciRNAseq can be performed in high-throughput, making it cost-effective, it can be a promising screening technology to stratify women at risk of CIN2+. Further increasing specificity by model improvement in larger cohorts is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Andralojc
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Duaa Elmelik
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Rasing
- Predica Diagnostics, Toernooiveld 1, Nijmegen, 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Pater
- Predica Diagnostics, Toernooiveld 1, Nijmegen, 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Albert G Siebers
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,PALGA, De Bouw 123, Houten, 3991 SZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Bekkers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, 5623 EJ, The Netherlands.,GROW, School for Oncology and Reproductive Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bulten
- Department of Pathology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diede Loopik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J G Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - William P J Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboudumc, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands. .,Predica Diagnostics, Toernooiveld 1, Nijmegen, 6525 ED, The Netherlands.
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14
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Gupta SM, Warke H, Chaudhari H, Mavani P, Katke RD, Kerkar SC, Mania-Pramanik J. Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 oncogene transcripts as biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3368-3375. [PMID: 35257379 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the cervix uteri is the fourth most common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Due to the limitations of existing methods, alternative methods for triage are needed for early detection of cervical cancer precursors before progression to high grade disease.The aim of this study was to evaluate HPV E6/E7 oncogene expression as markers for early identification of cervical cancer risk in women with minor cytological abnormalities and in those with negative cytology. The detection of HPV was done using PCR and confirmed by southern hybridization. The high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) HPV types were identified by HPV typing. HPV DNA positive patients were further tested for markers of oncogene expression by real time PCR. Out of the women screened, 54/512 (10.54%) women tested positive for HPV infection. HR HPV DNA was found in 32/485 (6.60%) in women with normal cytology (Pap negative) and 22/27 (81.5%) ASCUS/LSIL cases. High-risk HPV E6/E7 oncogene transcripts were detected in 36/512 (7.03%) of these patients. The positivity rate of E6/E7 mRNA was 2.48% (12/485) in the normal cervical cytology group and 88.9% (24/27) in abnormal cervical cytology group. The HPV E6/E7mRNA test sensitivity was found to be 88.89% and specificity was 97.53%. In comparison the sensitivity of HPV DNA test was found to be 81.48% and specificity was 93.40%. In conclusion, E6 and E7 transcripts could provide a sensitive, early predictor of cervical cancer risk in women with normal cytology and minor cytological alterations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana M Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Himangi Warke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G.S Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemangi Chaudhari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G.S Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Padmaja Mavani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G.S Medical College & King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajshree D Katke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cama and Albless Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpa C Kerkar
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayanti Mania-Pramanik
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
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15
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Application of p16, p63, cyclin D1 immunostaining and nuclear morphometric analysis for assessment of cervical dysplasia. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200818087v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for the development of cervical precancerous dysplastic squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). The virus oncoproteins affect several proteins included in cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate application of immunohistochemical markers related to proteins of the cell cycle and, also, application of nuclear morphometric analysis for assessment of cervical dysplasia. Methods. Retrospective study included 78 women with detection of presence of high-risk HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with histopathology diagnosis low-grade SIL (LSIL) or high-grade SIL (HSIL). Immunohistochemical staining for p16, p63, cyclin D1 and morphometric analysis of the nuclear surface area were performed. The control group consisted of ten women without SIL and without HPV infection. This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Results. Comparing immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p63, highly statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were established among the control, LSIL and HSIL groups, while cyclin D1 showed significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). Great variations were observed in nuclear morphology and nuclear surface area that had highly statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) among the control, LSIL and HSIL groups. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that immunohistochemical analysis of p16, p63 and cyclin D1 are important for diagnosis of dysplastic changes in cervical epithelium. Also, morphometric analysis of the nuclear surface area demonstrated a high significance for diagnosis of cervical dysplasia.
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16
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Vukomanovic-Djurdjevic B, Andrejic-Visnjic B, Peric A, Nenadic D, Baletic N. Application of p16, p63, cyclin D1 immunostaining and nuclear morphometric analysis for assessment of cervical dysplasia. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022; 79:162-167. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.2298/vsp200818087v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for the development of cervical precancerous dysplastic squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). The virus oncoproteins affect several proteins included in cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to evaluate application of immunohistochemical markers related to proteins of the cell cycle and, also, application of nuclear morphometric analysis for assessment of cervical dysplasia. Methods. Retrospective study included 78 women with detection of presence of high-risk HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with histopathology diagnosis low-grade SIL (LSIL) or high-grade SIL (HSIL). Immunohistochemical staining for p16, p63, cyclin D1 and morphometric analysis of the nuclear surface area were performed. The control group consisted of ten women without SIL and without HPV infection. This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Results. Comparing immunohistochemical expression of p16 and p63, highly statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were established among the control, LSIL and HSIL groups, while cyclin D1 showed significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). Great variations were observed in nuclear morphology and nuclear surface area that had highly statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) among the control, LSIL and HSIL groups. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that immunohistochemical analysis of p16, p63 and cyclin D1 are important for diagnosis of dysplastic changes in cervical epithelium. Also, morphometric analysis of the nuclear surface area demonstrated a high significance for diagnosis of cervical dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biserka Vukomanovic-Djurdjevic
- Military Medical Academy, Institute for Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia + University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Andrejic-Visnjic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Peric
- University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia + Military Medical Academy, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dane Nenadic
- University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia + Military Medical Academy, Department of Gynecology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Baletic
- University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia + Military Medical Academy, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Belgrade, Serbia
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Gilbert L, Ratnam S, Jang D, Alaghehbandan R, Schell M, Needle R, Ecobichon-Morris A, Wadhawan A, Costescu D, Elit L, Wang P, Zahariadis G, Chernesky M. Comparison of CINtec PLUS cytology and cobas HPV test for triaging Canadian patients with LSIL cytology referred to colposcopy: A two-year prospective study. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:347-358. [PMID: 35001877 PMCID: PMC9535599 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES & METHODS: CINtec PLUS and cobas HPV tests were compared for triaging patients referred to colposcopy with a history of LSIL cytology in a 2-year prospective study. Cervical specimens were tested once at enrollment, and test positivity rates determined. Test performance was ascertained with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and CIN3 or worse (CIN3+) serving as clinical endpoints. RESULTS: In all ages, (19–76 years, n= 598), 44.3% tested CINtec PLUS positive vs. 55.4% HPV positive (p< 0.001). To detect CIN2+ (n= 99), CINtec PLUS was 81.8% sensitive vs. 93.9% for HPV testing (p= 0.009); genotype 16/18-specific sensitivity was 46.5%. Specificity was 52.9% vs. 36.6%, respectively (p< 0.001). In all ages, to detect CIN3+ (n= 44), sensitivity was 93.2% for both tests; genotype 16/18-specific sensitivity was 52.3%. Specificity was 48.4% for CINtec PLUS vs. 31.1% for HPV testing (p< 0.001). In patients < 30 years, CINtec was 91.7% sensitive vs 95.8% for HPV testing (p= 0.549). CONCLUSIONS: CINtec PLUS or cobas HPV test could serve as a predictor of CIN3+ with high sensitivity in patients referred to colposcopy with a history of LSIL regardless of age while significantly reducing the number of LSIL referral patients requiring further investigations and follow-up in colposcopy clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gilbert
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada.,Eastern Health, Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, St. John's, Canada
| | - Sam Ratnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada.,McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dan Jang
- McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Miranda Schell
- McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rob Needle
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada.,Eastern Health, Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, St. John's, Canada
| | | | - Arnav Wadhawan
- McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dustin Costescu
- McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Laurie Elit
- McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Peter Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - George Zahariadis
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada.,Eastern Health, Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, St. John's, Canada
| | - Max Chernesky
- McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
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18
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Diagnostic performance of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining at different number of positive cells in cervical smears in women referred for colposcopy. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:426-432. [PMID: 34821133 PMCID: PMC8647795 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining (p16/ Ki-67 DS) in cervical cytology and the number of positive p16/Ki-67 cells to diagnose high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in colposcopy population. Subjects and methods We performed an analysis on a subset cohort of 174 women enrolled within a large-scale randomised controlled human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling project organised as part of the population-based Cervical Cancer Screening Programme ZORA in Slovenia. This subset cohort of patients was invited to the colposcopy clinic, underwent p16/Ki-67 DS cervical cytology and had the number of p16/Ki-67 positive cells determined. Results Among analysed women, 42/174 (24.1%) had histologically confirmed CIN2+. The risk for CIN2+ was increasing with the number of positive cells (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of p16/Ki-67 DS for detection of CIN2+ was 88.1%, specificity was 65.2%, positive predictive value was 44.6% and negative predictive value was 94.5%. Conclusions Dual p16/Ki-67 immunostaining for the detection of CIN2+ has shown high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in our study, which is comparable to available published data. The number of p16/Ki-67 positive cells was significantly associated with the probability of CIN2+ detection. We observed a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in specificity if the cut-off for a positive test was shifted from one cell to three cells.
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19
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Yang YM, Wang SJ, Wang FY, Chen R, Xiao Q, Kang N, Liao QP. Preliminary study of the use of E6/E7mRNA detection in screening and triage management of HR-HPV infection during pregnancy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1428. [PMID: 34733980 PMCID: PMC8506710 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Detection of E6 and E7 mRNA load of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection during pregnancy was compared with conventional cytopathology and DNA detection by pathological examination as colposcopy to evaluate the application of E6 and E7 mRNA detection in the diagnosis and management in HR-HPV infection for high -grade cervical lesions during pregnancy. Methods From January 2014 to June 2019, 1,058 pregnant women of childbearing age who were filed for regular obstetrics in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, were separately assessed using cervical liquid-based cytology and HPV DNA detection. If the results were abnormal, colposcopy was performed as a follow-up. The presence of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA fragments was detected through the HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA test, and monitored at the same time as colposcopy. The diagnostic efficacy of the HR-HPV DNA test versus the HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA test for high-grade cervical lesions during pregnancy was compared. Results The positive rate of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection in the overall cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and above during pregnancy was lower than that with HR-HPV DNA detection, and there was a significant statistical difference between the two methods. In CIN I and normal or inflammatory results, the positive rate of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection was lower than that of HR-HPV DNA detection, while in the results of CIN II and CIN III, the positive rate of the two was not significantly different. HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection is the same as HR-HPV DNA detection, both of which increased with the severity of cervical lesions, and the positive rate increased. In cases of maintenance or progression of cervical lesions, the positive rate of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection during pregnancy can reach 81.8%. High-grade cervical lesions during pregnancy had a higher rate of reversal to a lower level after delivery. Conclusions The results suggested that the use of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection in cases of positive HR-HPV DNA detection can significantly improve the diagnostic specificity of CIN II and above high-grade cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Ping Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Sato H, Norimatsu Y, Irino S, Nishikawa T. Efficacy of the Antigenicity-Retaining Ability of Fixative Solutions for Liquid-Based Cytology: Immunocytochemistry of Long-Term Storage. Acta Cytol 2021; 65:510-521. [PMID: 34535585 DOI: 10.1159/000518452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is advantageous as multiple stained specimens can be prepared and used for additional assays such as immunocytochemical and molecular-pathological investigations. Two types of preservative-fixative solutions (fixatives) are used for nongynecologic specimens used in the BD SurePath-LBC (SP-LBC) method, and their components vary. However, few studies have evaluated the differences in antigen-retaining ability between these fixatives. Therefore, we investigated and compared the antigen-retaining ability of the fixatives in immunocytochemical staining (ICC) under long-term storage conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sediments of cultured RAJI cells (derived from Burkitt's lymphoma) were added to each fixative (red and blue) and stored at room temperature for a specified period (1 h; 1 week; and 1, 3, and 6 months). The specimens were then prepared using the SP-LBC method and subjected to ICC. Positivity rate was calculated using the specimens fixed at room temperature for 1 h as a control. Antibodies against Ki67 expressed in the nucleus and against CD20 and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) expressed on the cell membrane were used. RESULTS For CD20 and LCA, the positivity rate increased with time in the red fixative compared with that in the control. In the blue fixative, the positivity rate was highest at 1 h and was maintained at a high level throughout the storage period. In contrast, the Ki67 positivity rate was highest at 1 h in both red and blue fixatives and markedly decreased with time. Therefore, although refrigerated (8°C) storage was used, no improvement was noted. CONCLUSIONS Long-term storage is possible for cell membrane antigens at room temperature; however, it is unsuitable for intranuclear antigens. Therefore, we conclude that suitable fixative type and storage temperature differ based on antigen location. Further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiaki Sato
- Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Norimatsu
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Irino
- Department of Nursing, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Tobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan
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21
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Cosper PF, Bradley S, Luo L, Kimple RJ. Biology of HPV Mediated Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 31:265-273. [PMID: 34455982 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a ubiquitous DNA virus that infects squamous epithelia. Though HPV only encodes 8 genes, it is capable of causing cellular transformation and ultimately cancer in host cells. In this article we review the classification of HPV viruses, their genetic structure and life cycle, viral gene biology, and provide an overview of the role of HPV in cancer. We explain how the viral life cycle can lead to integration of viral DNA into the host genome leading to increased cell cycle progression, decreased apoptosis, altered DNA repair, and chromosomal instability. We describe the multifaceted roles of the canonical oncogenes E6 and E7 in promoting tumorigenesis and the important role of other viral genes in regulating cancer development. We also review how the virus actively suppresses innate and adaptive immunity to evade immune detection and promote a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. The biology presented here will serve as a foundation to the other chapters in this edition and we hope it will incite enthusiasm for continued research on this fascinating virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa F Cosper
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
| | - Samantha Bradley
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Lexi Luo
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
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22
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Li B, Guo R, Lai T, Qiao L, Fu H. The application of PAX1 methylation detection and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection in cervical cancer screening. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2720-2728. [PMID: 34036681 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to explore the application of PAX1 methylation and human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA detection in cervical cancer screening and to compare the efficacy with high-risk (HR)-HPV detection. PATIENTS AND METHODS The cervical exfoliative cytology samples of 337 patients were collected, including 70 cases of cervical inflammation, 72 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 97 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 98 cases of cervical carcinoma. The PAX1 gene methylation (PAX1) status was detected by multiple quantitative PCR, HPV E6/E7 mRNA (E6/E7) was detected by QuantiVirus detection, and HR-HPV (HPV) was detected by the Cobas 4800 detection system. The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies were validated in the testing set. RESULTS The sensitivities of the HPV, HPV E6/E7, and PAX1 testing were 89.23%, 84.10%, and 86.67%, respectively, which all maintained a high level. In contrast, the specificities of the HPV, E6/E7, and PAX1 testing were only 19.10%, 37.32%, and 97.18% (in pairwise comparisons, p = 0.000). The AUC of PAX1 (0.919) was significantly larger than that of HPV (0.541) and E6/E7 detection (0.607) (p < 0.0001). In addition, the AUC areas of all combined parallel testing were lower than that of single PAX1 test (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The diagnostic efficacy of E6/E7 detection and PAX1 detection was better than that of HPV detection, especially for PAX1 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Lai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Qiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Fu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Major AL, Skřivánek A, Grandjean EM, Dvořák V, Malík T, Pluta M, Mayboroda I. An Adsorptive and Antioxidant Vaginal Gel Clears High-Risk HPV- and p16/Ki-67-Associated Abnormal Cytological Cervical Findings: A post-hoc Subgroup Analysis of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial on CIN2 and p16 Positive CIN1. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:645559. [PMID: 34113633 PMCID: PMC8185015 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.645559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the course of p16/Ki-67-positive abnormal cytological cervical findings and high risk (hr)-HPV- and p16/Ki-67-clearances in women treated with a vaginal gel. Methods: 172 women with a histological diagnosis of CIN2 or p16-positive CIN1 lesions were selected based on a positive cytological p16/Ki-67 test. For 3 months, 75 patients in the active arm (AA) daily administered 5 ml of a vaginal gel. Ninety seven patients in the control arm (CA) underwent no treatment (“watchful waiting”). Endpoints were cytological evolution, p16/Ki-67- and hr-HPV-clearances. Results: At 3 months, cytological regression was observed in 76% (57/75) of patients in the AA compared with 25% (24/97) in the CA. Progression occurred in 5% (4/75) of the AA compared with 15% (15/97) of the CA. The p16/Ki-67 status change was statistically significantly (p < 0.001) in favor of the AA: 77% (58/75) became negative compared to 21% (20/97) in the CA. hr-HPV prevalence decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the AA from 87 to 44%, while increasing in the CA from 78 to 84%. Cytological regression and p16/Ki-67 changes persisted in the AA at 6 months. Conclusions: The vaginal gel significantly cleared hr-HPV and p16/Ki-67 and was associated with improved cytological findings, thereby potentially offering an effective option against oncogenic risk. Clinical Trial Registration: Identifier: [ISRCTN11009040].
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Louis Major
- Femina Gynaecology Centre, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Etienne Marc Grandjean
- Phidalsa Pharma Consultants, Geneva, Switzerland.,Camara and Partners Consultancy, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Vladimír Dvořák
- Centrum ambulantní gynekologie a primární péče, s.r.o., Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Marek Pluta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fakultní nemocnice v Motole (University Hospital Motol) Onkogynekologická a kolposkopická ambulance, Praha, Czechia
| | - Ivanna Mayboroda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Zhang C, Fu S, Wang L, Wang F, Wu D, Zhe X, Xin H, Li H, Li D, Jin F, Shao R, Pan Z. The Value and Clinical Significance of ZNF582 Gene Methylation in the Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:403-411. [PMID: 33488095 PMCID: PMC7814240 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s277445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to determine whether ZNF582 gene methylation and tissue protein expression can be used as a tool with high sensitivity and specificity for cervical cancer screening. We analyzed the correlation between promoter methylation of ZNF582 gene and cervical cancer and high risk HPV16/18 infection. Methods Tissue samples of normal cervical or chronic cervicitis (n=51), CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) (n=35), and cervical carcinoma (n=68) were tested for HPV16/18 infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also detected the methylation status of the ZNF582 gene promoter in the same tissues by methylation-specific PCR (MSP), then analyzed the correlation between ZNF582 promoter methylation and HPV16/18 infection. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze ZNF582 gene expression in 152 cervical tissues. We detected ZNF582 mRNA expression in cervical tissues (including cancer and non-cancer) by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results Among 93 high-grade cervical lesions (CINII and above) and cervical cancer samples, 57 cases were positive for HPV16/18 infection and 36 cases were negative. ZNF582 gene methylation occurred in 9 out of 51 cases in normal cervical tissues (17.6%), 16 of 35 cases in CIN tissues (45.7%), and 50 of 68 cases in cervical cancer (73.5%). The differences in methylation rate of the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ZNF582 methylation rate in the positive HPV16/18 infection group was 73.7%, while the negative group was 63.9%. Compared with normal tissues, ZNF582 protein was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues, but mRNA expression was low. Conclusion While ZNF582 protein is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues, it was not sufficient for use as a standard for cervical cancer staging. On the other hand, ZNF582 promoter methylation had high specificity and sensitivity in detecting CINII and highly diseased cervical lesions and could be used as a diagnostic marker for cervical cancer of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Zhe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyuan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfu Shao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Zemin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, People's Republic of China
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25
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Sharma P, Gupta P, Gupta N, Suri V, Rajwanshi A. Evaluation of the Performance of CinTec® PLUS in SurePathTM Liquid-Based Cervico-Vaginal Samples. Turk Patoloji Derg 2021; 37:32-38. [PMID: 33372263 PMCID: PMC10508926 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2020.01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical cytology and Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing are effective screening techniques but both have limitations. A few recent studies in the literature have highlighted the role of co-expression of p16INK4a and Ki-67 for cervical cancer screening. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the CINtec® PLUS kit (dual immunostaining for p16 and Ki-67) in SurePathTM liquid-based (LBC) cervico-vaginal samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective study performed on 52 cervico-vaginal SurePath™ LBC samples reported as having squamous epithelial cell abnormality (ECA). All the samples were stained using CINtec® PLUS kits. Additionally, HPV-DNA testing was also done and the results were compared. RESULTS The age range was 34-74 years. ECA included 18 (34.6%) cases of ASC-US, 9 (17.3%) cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 11 (21.2%) cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 14 (26.9%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Cervical biopsies were available in 19 (36.5%) cases. A total of 34/52 (65.4%) cases were positive for HPV-DNA (5/18-ASC-US; 6/9-LSIL; 10/11-HSIL; 13/14-SCC). The CINtec® PLUS test was positive in 41/52 (78.8%) cases (11/18-ASC-US; 6/9-LSIL; 11/11-HSIL; 13/14-SCC). On comparing CINtec® PLUS positivity (78.8%) with HPV positivity (65.4%), dual positivity was seen in 3/18 cases of ASC-US, 6/9 cases of LSIL, 10/11 cases of HSIL, and 12/14 cases of SCC. One case each of HSIL and SCC was negative on the HPV test and was positive on CINtec® PLUS. CONCLUSIONS CINtec® PLUS test helps to improve the detection of pre-cancerous cervical lesions as compared to cervical cytology or HPV testing alone and hence can serve as a potentially useful diagnostic and triage tool, especially for indeterminate cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parikshaa Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nalini Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vanita Suri
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arvind Rajwanshi
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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26
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Onyango CG, Ogonda L, Guyah B, Shiluli C, Ganda G, Orang'o OE, Patel K. Novel biomarkers with promising benefits for diagnosis of cervical neoplasia: a systematic review. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:68. [PMID: 33292364 PMCID: PMC7670699 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer screening is slowly transitioning from Pappanicolaou cytologic screening to primary Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) or HPV testing as an effort to enhance early detection and treatment. However, an effective triage tests needed to decide who among the VIA or HPV positive women should receive further diagnostic evaluation to avoid unnecessary colposcopy referrals is still lacking. Evidence from experimental studies have shown potential usefulness of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCC Ag), Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), MicroRNA, p16INKa / ki-67, HPV E6/E7/mRNA, and DNA methylation biomarkers in detecting premalignant cervical neoplasia. Given the variation in performance, and scanty review studies in this field, this systematic review described the diagnostic performance of some selected assays to detect high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) with histology as gold standard. METHODS We systematically searched articles published in English between 2012 and 2020 using key words from PubMed/Medline and SCOPUS with two reviewers assessing study eligibility, and risk of bias. We performed a descriptive presentation of the performance of each of the selected assays for the detection of CIN2 + . RESULTS Out of 298 citations retrieved, 58 articles were included. Participants with cervical histology yielded CIN2+ proportion range of 13.7-88.4%. The diagnostic performance of the assays to detect CIN2+ was; 1) SCC-Ag: range sensitivity of 78.6-81.2%, specificity 74-100%. 2) M-CSF: sensitivity of 68-87.7%, specificity 64.7-94% 3) VEGF: sensitivity of 56-83.5%, specificity 74.6-96%. 4) MicroRNA: sensitivity of 52.9-67.3%, specificity 76.4-94.4%. 5) p16INKa / ki-67: sensitivity of 50-100%, specificity 39-90.4%. 6) HPV E6/E7/mRNA: sensitivity of 65-100%, specificity 42.7-90.2%, and 7) DNA methylation: sensitivity of 59.7-92.9%, specificity 67-98%. CONCLUSION Overall, the reported test performance and the receiving operating characteristics curves implies that implementation of p16ink4a/ki-67 assay as a triage for HPV positive women to be used at one visit with subsequent cryotherapy treatment is feasible. For the rest of assays, more robust clinical translation studies with larger consecutive cohorts of women participants is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calleb George Onyango
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, P.O Box Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya.
| | - Lilian Ogonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, P.O Box Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Bernard Guyah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, P.O Box Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Clement Shiluli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, P.O Box Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Gregory Ganda
- Department of Clinical Services, Division of Gynecology / Oncology, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital (JOOTRH), P.O Box 849, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Omenge Elkanah Orang'o
- Department of Reproductive Health, Division of Gynecology / Oncology, Moi University, P. O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Immunology, Moi University, P.O Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya
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27
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Orang'o EO, Were E, Rode O, Muthoka K, Byczkowski M, Sartor H, Vanden Broeck D, Schmidt D, Reuschenbach M, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Bussmann H. Novel concepts in cervical cancer screening: a comparison of VIA, HPV DNA test and p16 INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology in Western Kenya. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:57. [PMID: 33024449 PMCID: PMC7531147 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screening of unvaccinated women remains essential to mitigate the high morbidity/mortality of cervical cancer. Here, we compared visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), recommended by WHO as the most cost-effective screening approach in LMICs, with HPV-based screening, and usage of p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology. Methods We prospectively enrolled women participating in a VIA-based cervical cancer screening program in two peri-urban health centers of Kenya. Consenting women had a VIA examination preceded by collection of a liquid-based cytology sample from the cervix stored in PreservCyt medium (Hologic®). Analysis of all samples included a hrHPV DNA test and evaluation of a p16INK4a /Ki-67 (CINtecPLUS®) dual stained slide that was prepared using the ThinPrep® 2000 Processor and evaluated by a pathologist trained in the methodology. Results In 701 of a total of 800 women aged 18–64 years, all three investigations were performed and data could be analyzed. The HPV, VIA and dual stain cytology positivity were 33%, 7%, and 2% respectively. The HPV positivity rate of VIA positive cases was 32%. The five most common HPV types were HPV16, 52, 68, 58 and 35. The OR among HIV infected women of an HPV infection, VIA positivity and positive dual stain cytology were 2.6 (95%CI 1.5–4.3), 1.9 (95%CI 0.89–4.4) and 3.4 (95%CI 1.07–10.9) respectively. The sensitivity of VIA to detect a p16INK4a/Ki-67 positive transforming infection was 13% (95%CI 2–38). Conclusions Primary HPV testing appears feasible and should be considered as a primary screening test also in LMICs. The poor sensitivity of VIA renders it unsuitable as a triage test for HPV positive women. The utility of p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology as a triage test for HPV positive women in LMICs should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkanah Omenge Orang'o
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.,Department of Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Edwin Were
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya.,Department of Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Oliver Rode
- Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kapten Muthoka
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Heike Sartor
- Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Davy Vanden Broeck
- International Centre of Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,National Reference Centre for HPV, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, AML, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Schmidt
- MVZ of Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Cytopathology, Trier, Germany
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Bussmann
- Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Zhang J, Liu Q, Ba Y, Cheng J, Yang H, Cui Y, Kong J, Zhang X. F-containing initiatior for ultrasensitive fluorescent detection of lung cancer DNA via atom transfer radical polymerization. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1094:99-105. [PMID: 31761052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive fluorescence method for early diagnosis of lung cancer via Nafion-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is reported, in this paper. In the proposed method, thiolated peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is modified to amino magnetic beads (MBs) via a cross-linking agent to specifically capture target DNA (tDNA), and the initiator (Nafion) of ATRP is attached to PNA/DNA heteroduplexes based on the phosphate groups of the tDNA and sulfonate groups of Nafion via phosphate-Zr4+-sulfonate chemistry. Nafion as a macroinitiator of ATRP possesses multiple C-F active sites to initiate polymerization, and numerous polymeric chains that significantly amplify the fluorescent signal are formed. Under optimal conditions, a good linear relationship is obtained in the range of 0.1 nM-0.1 fM with correlation coefficients of 0.9975, and the detection limit is as low as 35.5 aM (∼214 molecules). The proposed strategy has several advantages of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, selectivity and sensitivity. More importantly, the anti-interference results demonstrate that the proposed Nafion-initiated ATRP strategy has great potential in bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China
| | - Qianrui Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ba
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China
| | - Jiamin Cheng
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China.
| | - Ying Cui
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China.
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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