1
|
Xue M, Ma C, Shan H, Hou S, Kang C. SPAG5 and ASPM play important roles in gastric cancer: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38499. [PMID: 38875410 PMCID: PMC11175929 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer typically originates from the abnormal proliferation of normal cells within the gastric mucosa, eventually forming tumors. The roles of sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) and abnormal spindle-like microcephaly (ASPM) associated genes in gastric cancer are not yet clear. Gastric cancer datasets GSE51575 and GSE36076 profiles were downloaded from the GPL13607 and GPL570-generated gene expression omnibus database. The analysis included filtering for differentially expressed genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, construction and analysis of the protein-protein interaction network, survival analysis, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis. Heatmaps of gene expression were also created. A total of 1457 differentially expressed genes were identified. According to gene ontology analysis, they are primarily enriched in the metabolic processes of organic acids, condensed chromosome centromere regions, and oxidoreductase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome analysis showed they are mainly involved in metabolic pathways, P53 signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. The soft threshold power for weighted gene co-expression network analysis was set to 8. Three core genes (CENPE, SPAG5, and ASPM) were identified. Heatmaps of core gene expression revealed that SPAG5 and ASPM are highly expressed in gastric cancer samples and low in normal samples. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis indicated that the core genes (CENPE, SPAG5, and ASPM) are associated with gastric tumors, gastric diseases, gastritis, gastric ulcers, tumors, inflammation, and necrosis. The SPAG5 and ASPM genes are overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, and higher expression levels are associated with worse prognosis, may serve as potential prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - HaiFeng Shan
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyang Hou
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Kang
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He J, Li J, Liu Y, Li Y. Sperm-Associated Antigen 5 Knockout Reduces Doxorubicin and Docetaxel Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 and BT549 Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1269. [PMID: 38610947 PMCID: PMC11010853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5), also known as Astrin, was previously demonstrated as a biomarker for cellular resistance to major breast cancer therapies, including chemo-, endocrine- and targeted therapy. However, the contribution of SPAG5 to anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains controversial. In the present study, the SPAG5 knockout cell model was established by using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 TNBC cell lines. The knockout of SPAG5 was confirmed on both gene and protein levels using genomic PCR, DNA sequencing and western blotting. The functional loss of SPAG5 was determined by colony-formation assay. SPAG5-regulated doxorubicin- and docetaxel-resistance was assessed by MTT and apoptosis assays. The results indicated that all the SPAG5 knockout MDA-MB-231 and BT549 clones were biallelic, where one allele was replaced by the donor template, and the other allele had the same "T" insertion (indel) adjacent to the cutting sites of gRNAs at the exon 1 boundary, irrespective of the gRNAs and cell lines. The locus of indel interrupted the SPAG5 transcription by damaging the GT-AG mRNA processing rule. Deletion of SPAG5 decreased clonogenicity in both MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells. SPAG5 was able to regulate the resistance and the drug-induced apoptosis of both doxorubicin and docetaxel. In conclusion, recombinant plasmid-based CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used to delete the SPAG5 gene in the TNBC cell lines. SPAG5 has an important role in regulating cell proliferation and doxorubicin- and docetaxel-resistance in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji He
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Food and Agriculture Technology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
- General Medicine Department, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamada M, Inaba H, Nishiyama K, Yoshida S, Yura Y, Matsumoto‐Nakano M, Uzawa N. Transcriptomic analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected head and neck cancer cells: Identification of PLAU as a candidate prognostic biomarker. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:10.1111/jcmm.18167. [PMID: 38363001 PMCID: PMC10870695 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, has been identified as a specific and potentially independent microbial factor that increases the risk of cancer mortality. Gene expression in HNSCC due to P. gingivalis infection and how changes in gene expression affect the prognosis of HNSCC patients are not clarified. When P. gingivalis was cultured with HNSCC cells, it efficiently adhered to these cells and enhanced their invasive ability. A transcriptome analysis of P. gingivalis -infected HNSCC cells showed that genes related to migration, including CCL20, CITED2, CTGF, C8orf44-SGK3, DUSP10, EGR3, FUZ, HBEGF, IL1B, IL24, JUN, PLAU, PTGS2, P2RY1, SEMA7A, SGK1 and SIX2, were highly up- or down-regulated. The expression of up-regulated genes was examined using the expression data of HNSCC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the expression of 5 genes, including PLAU, was found to be higher in cancer tissue than in solid normal tissue. An analysis of protein-protein interactions revealed that these 5 genes formed a dense network. A Cox regression analysis showed that high PLAU expression levels were associated with a poor prognosis in patients with TCGA-HNSCC. Furthermore, the prognostic impact correlated with tumour size and the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis. Collectively, these results suggest the potential of PLAU as a molecular prognostic marker in HNSCC patients. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to verify the findings of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric DentistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Kyoko Nishiyama
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric DentistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto‐Nakano
- Department of Pediatric DentistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mukherjee A, Yadav PH, Mukunthan KS. Unveiling Potential Targeted Therapeutic Opportunities for Co-Overexpressed Targeting Protein for Xklp2 and Aurora-A Kinase in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00879-9. [PMID: 37768502 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most prevalent and leading causes of cancer deaths globally, with limited diagnostic and clinically significant therapeutic targets. Identifying the genes and processes involved in developing and progressing LUAD is crucial for developing effective targeted therapeutics and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the RNA sequencing data of LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and gene expression profile datasets involving GSE10072, GSE31210, and GSE32863 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The differential gene expression and the downstream analysis determined clinically significant biomarkers using a network-based approach. These therapeutic targets predominantly enriched the dysregulation of mitotic cell cycle regulation and revealed the co-overexpression of Aurora-A Kinase (AURKA) and Targeting Protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) with high survival risk in LUAD patients. The hydrophobic residues of the AURKA-TPX2 interaction were considered as the target site to block the autophosphorylation of AURKA during the mitotic cell cycle. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dacomitinib demonstrated the strong binding potential to hinder TPX2, shielding the AURKA destabilization. This in silico study lays the foundation for repurposing targeted therapeutic options to impede the Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) in LUAD progression and aid in future translational investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | - K S Mukunthan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Wu W, Li X, He F, Zhang L. SPAG5 promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of colorectal cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:365-371. [PMID: 37929348 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer that occurs in the rectum or colon with a high incidence. Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5), a gene that regulates cell division, has been observed highly expressed in a variety of cancers, but its role in CRC is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of SPAG5 in CRC. The expression of SPAG5 in multiple cancers and normal tissues was predicted by The Cancer Genome Atlas and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, and the expression of SPAG5 in human normal intestinal epithelial cells NCM460 and human CRC cell lines Caco2, HT29, SW480, and LOVO was verified by western blotting (WB). The effects of silencing SPAG5 on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were then investigated by cell counting kit-8, WB, and flow cytometry. The effects of silencing SPAG5 on cell migration and invasion were investigated by scratch assay and transwell assay. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT in cells were detected by WB. The results showed that SPAG5 was highly expressed in CRC and was verified by WB. Silencing of SPAG5 inhibited cell viability and proliferation and increased the cell apoptosis rate. Furthermore, both cell invasion and migration abilities were suppressed by the low expression of SPAG5. Finally, WB results found that the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT were reduced after SPAG5 silencing. In summary, the results showed that SPAG5 can promote the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiyu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
An J, Yang L, Pan Y, He Y, Xie H, Tao Y, Li W, Yan Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Ma X, An L, Ji D, Su Z, Sheng J. SPAG5 Activates PI3K/AKT Pathway and Promotes the Tumor Progression and Chemo-Resistance in Gastric Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:893-902. [PMID: 36264549 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is an important protein in mitosis and cell cycle checkpoint regulation, with more attention as a novel oncogene in various cancers. High level of SPAG5 expression has been detected in our clinical gastric cancer (GC) samples and The Cancer Genome Atlas GC data. However, the bio-function and potential mechanism of SPAG5 in GC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SPAG5 in GC development and the correlation between SPAG5 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. SPAG5 expression was increased in GC samples compared with that in normal tissues (80.8% vs. 22.0%), which was apparently associated with a worse outcome. Biological experiments showed that knockdown of SPAG5 induced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in cells and animal models. Downregulation of SPAG5 enhanced the sensitivity of 5-FU in GC cells. Gene microarray chip identified 856 upregulated and 787 downregulated genes in SPAG5 silencing cells. Furthermore, 12 significant genes, including CDKN1A, CDKN1B, EIF4E, MAPK1, and HSP90B1, belonged to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway using ingenuity pathway analysis. Meanwhile, real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that knockdown of SPAG5 inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Collectively, SPAG5 promotes the growth of GC cells by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which could be the promising target gene in GC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan An
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Pan
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Yan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
| | - Siai Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
| | - Ling An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qinghai People's Hospital, Xi'ning, China
| | - Dongde Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qinghai People's Hospital, Xi'ning, China
| | - Zhanhai Su
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dang L, Shi C, Zhang Q, Liao P, Wang Y. Downregulation of sperm-associated antigen 5 inhibits melanoma progression by regulating forkhead box protein M1/A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17/NOTCH1 signaling. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4744-4756. [PMID: 35138218 PMCID: PMC8974132 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2031670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) has been identified as a driver in several type of cancers. In this study, we aimed to reveal the role of SPAG5 in melanoma and clarify whether FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) /ADAM17 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) /NOTCH1 signaling was involved. The expression of SPAG5 in malignant melanoma (MM) tissues and matched normal tissues was detected using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Cell viability was tested using CCK-8 (Cell Count Kit-8), colony formation and EdU staining. Cell migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured using transwell chambers and immunofluorescent staining. Cell cycle distribution and tumorigenesis were assessed by flow cytometry and in vivo tumor-bearing experiments, respectively. The results demonstrated that the expression of SPAG5 was increased in MM tissues and cells. Downregulation of SPAG5 inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion and EMT, and induced a G1-phase arrest. In addition, downregulation of SPAG5 decreased the expression of FOXM1, thereafter inhibiting the expression of ADAM17, NOTCH1 and HES1. Furthermore, deletion of SPAG5 expression decreased the tumorigenesis of MM A375 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that SPAG5 was overexpressed in MM. Downregulation of SPAG5 repressed MM cell growth and EMT, which might be induced by inactivation of the FOXM1/ADAM17/NOTCH1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dang
- Department of Dermatovenology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuiping Shi
- Department of Dermatovenology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Dermatovenology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyu Liao
- Department of Dermatovenology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dysregulation of PER3 clock gene and its only pseudogene in colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes. ARCH BIOL SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/abs220223009n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The period (PER) family genes (PER1, PER2, and PER3) play a fundamental role
in regulating the day/night cycle. PER3 has a pseudogene variant, PER3P1 or
PER4, whose role and expression pattern is unclear in human health and
diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the expression levels of
normal PER family members and the PER3P1 pseudogene in colorectal cancer
(CRC) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Blood samples were taken from 50 diabetic
patients and analyzed using real-time PCR for quantification of PER3 and
PER3P1 expression. Colorectal tumor tissues of 50 individuals were also used
to evaluate the expression of PER members. All PER members, including
PER3P1, were found to be downregulated in colorectal tumor samples. Blood
samples collected from diabetic subjects revealed an opposite expression
pattern; both PER3 and its pseudogene were found to be upregulated when
compared to the control group. Our results reveal coordination between the
expression pattern of PER3P1 and normal PER family genes. Based on our
findings and the pathological importance of this pseudogene, it can be
suggested that PER3P1 may be one of the key regulators of the molecular
clock network and PER family expression. This hypothesis needs to be
confirmed by further studies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang C, Su H, Cheng R, Ji H. SPAG5 Is Involved in Human Gliomagenesis Through the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673780. [PMID: 34796102 PMCID: PMC8592975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Objective To explore the role of sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) in glioma. Methods The association between SPAG5 expression and clinical features was investigated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The function of SPAG5 in glioma was analyzed using U87 and U251 cells. Knockdown glioma cells were constructed by shRNA interference. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of SPAG5 and Cadherin 2 (CDH2). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, caspase 3/7 assay, and high-content screening (HCS) proliferation analysis and colony formation assay. Transwell assays and wound-healing assays were used to investigate cell migration and invasion. Results The increased expression of SPAG5 was correlated with poor outcomes in glioma patients. Knocking down SPAG5 could inhibit the proliferation and colony formation and promoted the apoptosis of glioma cells. Knocking down SPAG5 could also inhibit cell migration and invasion and the expression of CDH2. Overexpression of CDH2 with SPAG5 depletion could restore the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of glioma cells, which also promoted cell migration and invasion. Conclusions SPAG5 is a promising prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haiyang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prognostic association of starvation-induced gene expression in head and neck cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19130. [PMID: 34580365 PMCID: PMC8476550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) have been implicated in the initiation and progression of malignant tumor promotion. To investigate the dynamics of expression of genes, including ARGs, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells were placed under serum-free conditions to induce growth retardation and autophagy, and these starved cells were subjected to transcriptome analysis. Among the 21 starvation-induced genes (SIGs) located in the autophagy, cell proliferation, and survival signaling pathways, we identified SIGs that showed prominent up-regulation or down-regulation in vitro. These included AGR2, BST2, CALR, CD22, DDIT3, FOXA2, HSPA5, PIWIL4, PYCR1, SGK3, and TRIB3. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of HNSCC patients was used to examine the expression of up-regulated genes, and CALR, HSPA5, and TRIB3 were found to be highly expressed relative to solid normal tissue in cancer and the survival rate was reduced in patients with high expression. Protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated the formation of a dense network of these genes. Cox regression analysis revealed that high expression of CALR, HSPA5, and TRIB3 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with TCGA-HNSCC. Therefore, these SIGs up-regulated under serum starvation may be molecular prognostic markers in HNSCC patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohamadalizadeh-Hanjani Z, Shahbazi S, Geranpayeh L. Investigation of the SPAG5 gene expression and amplification related to the NuMA mRNA levels in breast ductal carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:225. [PMID: 32838814 PMCID: PMC7445913 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell proliferative markers are very important in breast cancer. Since SPAG5 and NuMA proteins play a significant role in the mitosis regulatory network and cell division, we aimed to study their mRNA levels as well as SPAG5 gene amplification correlated to clinicopathological status in ductal carcinoma of the breast. Methods SPAG5 and NuMA gene expressions were investigated in 40 breast cancer tissues and normal adjacent tissues via real-time PCR. PUM1 was selected as the reference gene. QMF PCR method was applied to study SPAG5 gene amplification and AGBL2, BOD1L, and POR were designated as internal control genes. Gene amplification was determined by calculating a dosage quotient for each DNA fragment. Results Increased SPAG5 mRNA expression was detected in breast cancer tissues (p = 0.005) and related to tumor size. No significant difference was observed between NuMA gene expression level in tumor tissue and the normal adjacent tissue (p = 0.56). However, we observed that NuMA expression was significantly increased in ER-positive tumor tissues. There was no clear correlation pattern between SPAG5 and NuMA mRNA levels (r = 0.33). Seventeen percent of tissues showed complete amplification in SPAG5 gene fragments. Conclusion Our results were consistent with the previous publications regarding SPAG5 gene expression and amplification in breast cancer with an emphasis on the prominent role of this protein in tumor pathogenesis. Our results failed to yield any correlation between SPAG5 and NuMA mRNA levels which implies independence of these genes in breast cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Loabat Geranpayeh
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Z, Li H, Chen J, Luo H, Zeng J, Yao Y, Duan M. SPAG5 promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via activation of FOXM1/MMP2 axis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105797. [PMID: 32668328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignancy of bone with a tendency to metastasize early. An understanding of the pathways that regulate OS metastasis is required for the design of novel treatment approaches. Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is upregulated and functions as a potential tumor promoter in diverse human cancers, but has yet to be investigated in the OS. In the present study, results showed that SPAG5 expression is upregulated in OS tissues, and SPAG5 overexpression is obviously associated with the malignant phenotype and poor survival in patients with OS. Multivariate analyses also revealed that SPAG5 overexpression is an independent prognostic factor for poor outcome of patients with OS. The functional assay indicated that SPAG5 silencing significantly inhibits the invasion and migration of OS cells in vitro. Additionally, knockdown of SPAG5 in OS cells suppresses lung metastasis in vivo. Further, we also found that SPAG5 silencing inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of OS cells. Moreover, our results indicated that SPAG5 promotes OS metastasis by increasing matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression, and demonstrated that MMP2 is crucial for the pro-metastasis role of SPAG5 in OS cells. Mechanistically, we identified that SPAG5 regulates MMP2 expression by modulating FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) degradation to enhance the protein stability of FOXM1. Collectively, these findings describe the effects of SPAG5-FOXM1-MMP2 axis in the regulation of OS cell migration and metastasis formation. We provide a novel evidence that SPAG5 may serve as a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiangwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Mansheng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|