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Wilczyński J, Paradowska E, Wilczyńska J, Wilczyński M. Prediction of Chemoresistance-How Preclinical Data Could Help to Modify Therapeutic Strategy in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 31:229-249. [PMID: 38248100 PMCID: PMC10814576 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is one of the most lethal tumors generally and the most fatal cancer of the female genital tract. The approved standard therapy consists of surgical cytoreduction and platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, and of targeted therapy in selected patients. The main therapeutic problem is chemoresistance of recurrent and metastatic HGSOC tumors which results in low survival in the group of FIGO III/IV. Therefore, the prediction and monitoring of chemoresistance seems to be of utmost importance for the improvement of HGSOC management. This type of cancer has genetic heterogeneity with several subtypes being characterized by diverse gene signatures and disturbed peculiar epigenetic regulation. HGSOC develops and metastasizes preferentially in the specific intraperitoneal environment composed mainly of fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. Different HGSOC subtypes could be sensitive to distinct sets of drugs. Moreover, primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumors are characterized by an individual biology, and thus diverse drug responsibility. Without a precise identification of the tumor and its microenvironment, effective treatment seems to be elusive. This paper reviews tumor-derived genomic, mutational, cellular, and epigenetic biomarkers of HGSOC drug resistance, as well as tumor microenvironment-derived biomarkers of chemoresistance, and discusses their possible use in the novel complex approach to ovarian cancer therapy and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Wilczyńska
- Department of Tele-Radiotherapy, Mikolaj Kopernik Provincial Multi-Specialized Oncology and Traumatology Center, 62 Pabianicka Str., 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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Topouza DG, Choi J, Nesdoly S, Tarnouskaya A, Nicol CJB, Duan QL. Novel MicroRNA-Regulated Transcript Networks Are Associated with Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094875. [PMID: 35563265 PMCID: PMC9101651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a highly lethal gynecologic cancer, in part due to resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy reported among 20% of patients. This study aims to generate novel hypotheses of the biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance, which remain poorly understood. Differential expression analyses of mRNA- and microRNA-sequencing data from HGSOC patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas identified 21 microRNAs associated with angiogenesis and 196 mRNAs enriched for adaptive immunity and translation. Coexpression network analysis identified three microRNA networks associated with chemotherapy response enriched for lipoprotein transport and oncogenic pathways, as well as two mRNA networks enriched for ubiquitination and lipid metabolism. These network modules were replicated in two independent ovarian cancer cohorts. Moreover, integrative analyses of the mRNA/microRNA sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed potential regulation of significant mRNA transcripts by microRNAs and SNPs (expression quantitative trait loci). Thus, we report novel transcriptional networks and biological pathways associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in HGSOC patients. These results expand our understanding of the effector networks and regulators of chemotherapy response, which will help to improve the management of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai G. Topouza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Jihoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Sean Nesdoly
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 21-25 Union St., Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada; (S.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Anastasiya Tarnouskaya
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 21-25 Union St., Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada; (S.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Christopher J. B. Nicol
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, 88 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen’s University Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, 10 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 21-25 Union St., Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada; (S.N.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Wang P, Zhang C, Han S, Xiao H, Liu Z, Wang X, Liu W, Wei B, Ma J, Li H, Guo Y. Characterization of Synonymous BRCA1:c.132C>T as a Pathogenic Variant. Front Oncol 2022; 11:812656. [PMID: 35087763 PMCID: PMC8789006 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.812656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and BRCA2 are tumor suppressors involved in DNA damage response and repair. Carriers of germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have significantly increased lifetime risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and other cancer types; this phenomenon is known as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Accurate interpretation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants is important not only for disease management in patients, but also for determining preventative measures for their families. BRCA1:c.132C>T (p.Cys44=) is a synonymous variant recorded in the ClinVar database with “conflicting interpretations of its pathogenicity”. Here, we report our clinical tests in which we identified this variant in two unrelated patients, both of whom developed breast cancer at an early age with ovarian presentation a few years later and had a family history of relevant cancers. Minigene assay showed that this change caused a four-nucleotide loss at the end of exon 3, resulting in a truncated p.Cys44Tyrfs*5 protein. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction identified two fragments (123 and 119 bp) using RNA isolated from patient blood samples, in consistency with the results of the minigene assay. Collectively, we classified BRCA1:c.132C>T (p.Cys44=) as a pathogenic variant, as evidenced by functional studies, RNA analysis, and the patients’ family histories. By analyzing variants recorded in the BRCA Exchange database, we found synonymous changes at the ends of exons could potentially influence splicing; meanwhile, current in silico tools could not predict splicing changes efficiently if the variants were in the middle of an exon, or in the deep intron region. Future studies should attempt to identify variants that influence gene expression and post-transcription modifications to improve our understanding of BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as their related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sile Han
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd. (AmoyDx), Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzou, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongle Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Zhengzhou, China
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Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP)/p97: A Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810177. [PMID: 34576340 PMCID: PMC8469696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, a member of the AAA+ ATPase family, is a molecular chaperone recruited to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by binding to membrane adapters (nuclear protein localization protein 4 (NPL4), p47 and ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing protein 1 (UBXD1)), where it is involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). However, VCP/p97 interacts with many cofactors to participate in different cellular processes that are critical for cancer cell survival and aggressiveness. Indeed, VCP/p97 is reported to be overexpressed in many cancer types and is considered a potential cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. This review summarizes the role of VCP/p97 in different cancers and the advances in the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors with therapeutic potential, focusing on the challenges associated with cancer-related VCP mutations in the mechanisms of resistance to inhibitors.
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