Starvation stress attenuates the miRNA-target interaction in suppressing breast cancer cell proliferation

Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power

The risk of cancer in schizophrenia has been controversial. Confounders of the issue are cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, and antiproliferative effects of antipsychotic medications. The author has previously suggested comparison of a specific cancer like glioma to schizophrenia might help determine a more accurate relationship between cancer and schizophrenia. To accomplish this goal, the author performed three comparisons of data; the first a comparison of conventional tumor suppressors and oncogenes between schizophrenia and cancer including glioma. This comparison determined schizophrenia has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting characteristics. A second, larger comparison between brain-expressed microRNAs in schizophrenia with their expression in glioma was then performed. This identified a core carcinogenic group of miRNAs in schizophrenia offset by a larger group of tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This proposed "balance of power" between oncogenes and tumor suppressors could cause neuroinflammation. This was assessed by a third comparison between schizophrenia, glioma and inflammation in asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma (ALRCM). This revealed that schizophrenia shares more oncogenic similarity to ALRCM than glioma.

miR-6742-5p regulates the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells via mediating FGF8/ERK12/MMP9/MMP2 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND

microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the progression of Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), however, the functions of miR-6742-5p in LUAD remains unknown, thereby this study was carried on.

METHODS

The mRNA and miRNA expression data from the LUAD and normal control were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, TargetScan and mirDIP were applied to predict the relationship between miR-6742-5p and FGF8.Q-PCR, western blot, dual-luciferase, wound Healing and transwell assays were performed to test the functions of miR-6742-5p in LUAD.

RESULTS

Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase identified FGF8 is the target-gene of miR-6742-5p, which is declined in LUAD of human tissues and cell lines, and miR-6742-5P OE suppressed the progression of LUAD in nude mice. MiR-6742-5p OE and KD suppressed or increased the abilities of LUAD' metastasis tested by wound healing and transwell assays H522 and PC-9 cells, these effects about miR-6742-5p OE were reversed by FGF8; miR-6742-5p OE, KD inhibited and increased the expression of FGF8 as its downstream p-ERK1/2, MMP-2/-9, these results were corrected by ERK1/2 inhibitor: Ro 67-7476; the miR-6742-5p KD increased the migrated and invaded cells and suppressed by MMPs inhibitor: S3304. These results identified the negative correlation of miR-6742-5p with FGF8-ERK1/2 signal pathway in LUAD progression.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that miR-6742-5p might be a regulator of LUAD progression by targeting FGF8/ERK1/2/MMPs signaling pathway, which provides a novel therapeutic target for LUAD.

A Comprehensive Analysis for Expression, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of m5C Regulator in Breast Cancer and Its ncRNA–mRNA Regulatory Mechanism

Recent studies have well demonstrated that 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C) regulators play pivotal roles in pathological conditions, including cancer. This study first tried to identify potential 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C) regulators in breast cancer by combination of expression, diagnosis, and survival analyses, and then established an ncRNA–mRNA network accounting for m⁵C regulators’ roles in breast cancer. Among 13 m⁵C regulators, DNMT3B and ALYREF were significantly upregulated in breast cancer and their high expression indicated unfavorable prognosis. Both DNMT3B and ALYREF possessed the statistical abilities to distinguish breast cancer from normal breast samples. Moreover, five potential upstream miRNAs (let-7b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-26b-5p) of m⁵C regulators could not only serve as independent prognostic predictors but also together made up a promising miRNA prognostic signature in breast cancer. Next, upstream potential lncRNAs of the five miRNAs were predicted and analyzed. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the target genes of these miRNAs were markedly enriched in some cancer-related pathways, and further investigation indicated VEGFA and EZH2 were found to be the most potential target genes in the m⁵C regulators-related ncRNA–mRNA network in breast cancer. These findings comprehensively provided key clues for developing m⁵C regulators-related effective therapeutic targets and promising diagnostic biomarkers in breast cancer.

Immune and nonimmune mechanisms mediate the mental stress-induced tumor growth in a xenograft model of breast cancer

Excess mental stress may harm health, and even accelerate cancer initiation and progression. One fourth of breast cancer patients suffer mental stress including anxiety, sadness, or depression, which negatively affect prognosis and survival. However, the regulatory mechanism is yet to be determined. Herein, we applied unpredictable stress stimuli to the breast tumor-bearing mice to establish a xenograft model of breast cancer suffering mental stress, followed by behavioral tests, tumor growth tracking, immune analysis, miRNA screening, and tumor cell proliferation analysis as well. As a result, increased stress hormone levels in serum, decreased percentage of T and NK cells in both blood and tumor samples and accelerated tumor growth in vivo were observed in the mice exposed to mental stress. Promoted cell proliferation was observed in both primary tumor cells derived from the stressed mice and 4T1 breast cancer cells treated with stress hormone corticosterone. In addition, a subset of miRNAs including miR-326, 346, 493, 595, 615, and 665 were identified through a miRNA screening with downregulation in tumors of the stressed mice. CCND1 was identified as a common target gene of miR-346 and miR-493, the top two most significantly downregulated miRNAs by stress exposure. The stress-miRNA-CCND1 signaling regulation of the tumor cell proliferation was further validated in 4T1 cells treated with corticosterone in vitro. GO terms and KEGG pathways analyses on the target genes of miR-346 and miR-493 revealed their involvement in the regulation of human cancer and neuron system, indicating the importance of non-coding genome in mediating the mental stress-induced cancer regulation. In conclusion, this study not only explored immune and nonimmune mechanisms through which mental stress exposure contributes to tumor growth in breast cancer, but also suggested a new therapeutic strategy for cancer patients suffering mental stress.