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Shen C, Li J, Li R, Ma Z, Tao Y, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Effects of Tumor-Derived DNA on CXCL12-CXCR4 and CCL21-CCR7 Axes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and the Regulation of Sinomenine Hydrochloride. Front Oncol 2022; 12:901705. [PMID: 35860597 PMCID: PMC9289293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.901705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, chemokines and their receptors, CXCL12-CXCR4 and CCL21-CCR7 axes, are deemed vital factors in the modulation of angiogenesis and are crucial for the growth and development of liver cancer. Tumor-derived DNA can be recognized by immune cells to induce an autoimmune response. In this study, we demonstrated the mechanism of tumor-derived DNA on the CXCL12-CXCR4 and CCL21-CCR7 axes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the regulatory effect of sinomenine hydrochloride. Tumor-derived DNA was separated from HCCLM cell lines. Tumor-derived DNA was transfected into SK-Hep1 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. We found that sinomenine hydrochloride reduced the expression of CXCR4, CXCR12, CCR7, and CCL21 in HCC cells, suppressed the growth and invasion of HCC cells, and increased apoptosis. In contrast to the controls, the protein expressions of CXCR4, CXCL12, CCR7, CCL21, P-ERK1/2, MMP-9, and MMP-2 in SK-Hep1 cells were significantly increased after transfection of tumor-derived DNA, while the increase was reversed by sinobine hydrochloride. Acid sinomenine interferes with tumor-derived DNA and affects ERK/MMP signaling via the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in HCC cells. CXCR4 siRNA and CCR7 siRNA attenuated tumor-derived DNA activation of ERK1/2/MMP2/9 signaling pathways in HCC cells. CXCR4-oe and CCR7-OE enhance the stimulation of erK1/2/MMP2/9 signaling pathway by tumor-derived DNA in HCC cells. Tumor-derived DNA reduced apoptosis and increased invasion of SK-Hep1 cells by CXCL12-CXCR4 axis and CCL21-CCR7 axis, and sinobine hydrochloride reversed this regulation. These results strongly suggest that tumor-derived DNA can increase the growth and invasion of oncocytes via the upregulation of the expression of CXCL12-CXCR4 and CCL21-CCR7 axis and through ERK1/2/MMP2/9 signaling pathway in HCC cells, and sinobine hydrochloride can inhibit this signaling pathway, thus inhibiting HCC cells. These results provide new potential therapeutic targets for blocking the progression of HCC induced by CXCL12-CXCR4 axis and CCL21-CCR7.
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Pang ES, Daraj G, Balka KR, De Nardo D, Macri C, Hochrein H, Masterman KA, Tan PS, Shoppee A, Magill Z, Jahan N, Bafit M, Zhan Y, Kile BT, Lawlor KE, Radford KJ, Wright MD, O’Keeffe M. Discordance in STING-Induced Activation and Cell Death Between Mouse and Human Dendritic Cell Populations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794776. [PMID: 35281062 PMCID: PMC8914948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is a cytosolic sensor of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs). The activation of dendritic cells (DC) via the STING pathway, and their subsequent production of type I interferon (IFN) is considered central to eradicating tumours in mouse models. However, this contribution of STING in preclinical murine studies has not translated into positive outcomes of STING agonists in phase I & II clinical trials. We therefore questioned whether a difference in human DC responses could be critical to the lack of STING agonist efficacy in human settings. This study sought to directly compare mouse and human plasmacytoid DCs and conventional DC subset responses upon STING activation. We found all mouse and human DC subsets were potently activated by STING stimulation. As expected, Type I IFNs were produced by both mouse and human plasmacytoid DCs. However, mouse and human plasmacytoid and conventional DCs all produced type III IFNs (i.e., IFN-λs) in response to STING activation. Of particular interest, all human DCs produced large amounts of IFN-λ1, not expressed in the mouse genome. Furthermore, we also found differential cell death responses upon STING activation, observing rapid ablation of mouse, but not human, plasmacytoid DCs. STING-induced cell death in murine plasmacytoid DCs occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner and involved intrinsic apoptosis. These data highlight discordance between STING IFN and cell death responses in mouse and human DCs and caution against extrapolating STING-mediated events in mouse models to equivalent human outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Shan Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ghazal Daraj
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine R. Balka
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kelly-Anne Masterman
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Peck S. Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Angus Shoppee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe Magill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nazneen Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mariam Bafit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T. Kile
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kate E. Lawlor
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristen J. Radford
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meredith O’Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Meredith O’Keeffe,
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Huschka H, Mihm S. Hepatic IFNL4 Gene Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Regard to Etiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157803. [PMID: 34360569 PMCID: PMC8345952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with a leading lethality. The etiology is quite diverse, ranging from viral infections to metabolic disorders or intoxications, and associates with specific somatic mutational patterns and specific host immunological phenotypes. Particularly, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected liver is featured by an activation of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs; IFN signature), which we suppose is driven by type III IFNL4. Taking advantage of the TCGA collection of HCC patients of various different etiologies, this study aimed at validating our previous findings on hepatic IFNL4 gene activation in HCV infection in an independent and larger cohort of patients with advanced liver disease. In a cohort of n = 377 cases, the entirety of the sequencing data was used to assess the IFNL genotypes, and the cases were stratified for etiology. The number of IFNL4 transcripts within nonmalignant and malignant tissues was found to be more abundant in patients with HCV or HCV/HBV infections when compared to other risk factors. Moreover, in patients with HCV infection as a risk factor, a close, positive relationship was found between ISG activation and the number of functional IFNL4 transcripts. Data on this independent TCGA sample support the concept of an IFNL4-dependent HCV-driven activation of hepatic ISGs. In addition to that, they add to the understanding of etiology-related host immunological phenotypes in HCC.
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