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Hein KZ, Stephen B, Fu S. Therapeutic Role of Synthetic Lethality in ARID1A-Deficient Malignancies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2024; 7:41-52. [PMID: 38327752 PMCID: PMC10846636 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a mammalian switch/sucrose nonfermenting complex subunit, modulates several cellular processes by regulating chromatin accessibility. It is encoded by ARID1A, an immunosuppressive gene frequently disrupted in a many tumors, affecting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Targeting molecular pathways and epigenetic regulation associated with ARID1A loss, such as inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway or modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, may help suppress tumor growth and progression. Developing epigenetic drugs like histone deacetylase or DNA methyltransferase inhibitors could restore normal chromatin structure and function in cells with ARID1A loss. As ARID1A deficiency correlates with enhanced tumor mutability, microsatellite instability, high tumor mutation burden, increased programmed death-ligand 1 expression, and T-lymphocyte infiltration, ARID1A-deficient cells can be a potential therapeutic target for immune checkpoint inhibitors that warrants further exploration. In this review, we discuss the role of ARID1A in carcinogenesis, its crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and strategies to make ARID1A-deficient cells a potential therapeutic target for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Z. Hein
- Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Florida Westside Hospital, Plantation, FL, USA
| | - Bettzy Stephen
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zamani M, Bozorg-Ghalati F, Mokarram P. Melittin as an Activator of the Autophagy and Unfolded Protein Response Pathways in Colorectal HCT116 Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2024; 28:46-52. [PMID: 38445441 PMCID: PMC10994640 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background The potential anticancer effect of melittin has motivated scientists to find its exact molecular mechanism of action. There are few data on the effect of melittin on the UPR and autophagy as two critical pathways involved in tumorigenesis of colorectal and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melittin on these pathways in the colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116 cells. Methods MTT method was carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of melittin on the HCT116 cell line for 24, 48, and 72 h. After selecting the optimal concentrations and treatment times, the gene expression of autophagy flux markers (LC3-βII and P62) and UPR markers (CHOP and XBP-1s) were determined using qRT-PCR. The protein level of autophagy initiation marker (Beclin1) was also determined by Western blotting. Results MTT assay showed a cytotoxic effect of melittin on the HCT116 cells. The increase in LC3-βII and decrease in P62 mRNA expression levels, along with the elevation in the Beclin1 protein level, indicated the stimulatory role of melittin on the autophagy. Melittin also significantly enhanced the CHOP and XBP-1s expressions at mRNA level, suggesting the positive role of the melittin on the UPR activation. Conclusion This study shows that UPR and autophagy can potentially be considered as two key signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, which can be targeted by the BV melittin in the HCT116 cells. Further in vivo evaluations are recommended to verify the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Zheng D, Li J, Yan H, Zhang G, Li W, Chu E, Wei N. Emerging roles of Aurora-A kinase in cancer therapy resistance. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [PMID: 37521867 PMCID: PMC10372834 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A), a serine/threonine kinase, plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including mitotic entry, centrosome maturation and spindle formation. Overexpression or gene-amplification/mutation of Aurora-A kinase occurs in different types of cancer, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. Alteration of Aurora-A impacts multiple cancer hallmarks, especially, immortalization, energy metabolism, immune escape and cell death resistance which are involved in cancer progression and resistance. This review highlights the most recent advances in the oncogenic roles and related multiple cancer hallmarks of Aurora-A kinase-driving cancer therapy resistance, including chemoresistance (taxanes, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide), targeted therapy resistance (osimertinib, imatinib, sorafenib, etc.), endocrine therapy resistance (tamoxifen, fulvestrant) and radioresistance. Specifically, the mechanisms of Aurora-A kinase promote acquired resistance through modulating DNA damage repair, feedback activation bypass pathways, resistance to apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy, metastasis, and stemness. Noticeably, our review also summarizes the promising synthetic lethality strategy for Aurora-A inhibitors in RB1, ARID1A and MYC gene mutation tumors, and potential synergistic strategy for mTOR, PAK1, MDM2, MEK inhibitors or PD-L1 antibodies combined with targeting Aurora-A kinase. In addition, we discuss the design and development of the novel class of Aurora-A inhibitors in precision medicine for cancer treatment.
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Fontana B, Gallerani G, Salamon I, Pace I, Roncarati R, Ferracin M. ARID1A in cancer: Friend or foe? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1136248. [PMID: 36890819 PMCID: PMC9987588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ARID1A belongs to a class of chromatin regulatory proteins that function by maintaining accessibility at most promoters and enhancers, thereby regulating gene expression. The high frequency of ARID1A alterations in human cancers has highlighted its significance in tumorigenesis. The precise role of ARID1A in cancer is highly variable since ARID1A alterations can have a tumor suppressive or oncogenic role, depending on the tumor type and context. ARID1A is mutated in about 10% of all tumor types including endometrial, bladder, gastric, liver, biliopancreatic cancer, some ovarian cancer subtypes, and the extremely aggressive cancers of unknown primary. Its loss is generally associated with disease progression more often than onset. In some cancers, ARID1A loss is associated with worse prognostic features, thus supporting a major tumor suppressive role. However, some exceptions have been reported. Thus, the association of ARID1A genetic alterations with patient prognosis is controversial. However, ARID1A loss of function is considered conducive for the use of inhibitory drugs which are based on synthetic lethality mechanisms. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of ARID1A as tumor suppressor or oncogene in different tumor types and discuss the strategies for treating ARID1A mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Fontana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Gallerani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Salamon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pace
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Roncarati
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Cao R, Xie J, Zhang L. Abnormal methylation caused by folic acid deficiency in neural tube defects. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1679-1688. [PMID: 36589786 PMCID: PMC9784971 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube closure disorders, including anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, cause neural tube defects (NTDs). This congenital disability remained not only a major contributor to the prevalence of stillbirths and neonatal deaths but also a significant cause of lifelong physical disability in surviving infants. NTDs are complex diseases caused by multiple etiologies, levels, and mechanisms. Currently, the pathogenesis of NTDs is considered to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Here, we aimed to review the research progress on the etiology and mechanism of NTDs induced by methylation modification caused by folic acid deficiency. Folic acid supplementation in the diet is reported to be beneficial in preventing NTDs. Methylation modification is one of the most important epigenetic modifications crucial for brain neurodevelopment. Disturbances in folic acid metabolism and decreased S-adenosylmethionine levels lead to reduced methyl donors and methylation modification disorders. In this review, we summarized the relationship between NTDs, folic acid metabolism, and related methylation of DNA, imprinted genes, cytoskeletal protein, histone, RNA, and non-coding RNA, so as to clarify the role of folic acid and methylation in NTDs and to better understand the various pathogenesis mechanisms of NTDs and the effective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Shanxi Biological Research Institute Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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6
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Xu S, Sak A, Niedermaier B, Erol YB, Groneberg M, Mladenov E, Kang M, Iliakis G, Stuschke M. Selective vulnerability of ARID1A deficient colon cancer cells to combined radiation and ATR-inhibitor therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:999626. [PMID: 36249060 PMCID: PMC9561551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.999626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID1A is frequently mutated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Loss of ARID1A function compromises DNA damage repair and increases the reliance of tumor cells on ATR-dependent DNA repair pathways. Here, we investigated the effect of ionizing radiation (IR), in combination with ATR inhibitors (ATRi) in CRC cell lines with proficient and deficient ARID1A. The concept of selective vulnerability of ARID1A deficient CRC cells to ATRi was further tested in an ex vivo system by using the ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) in cells from untreated CRC patients, with and without ARID1A expression. We found selective sensitization upon ATRi treatment as well as after combined treatment with IR (P<0.001), especially in ARID1A deficient CRC cells (P <0.01). Knock-down of ARID1B further increased the selective radiosensitivity effect of ATRi in ARID1A negative cells (P<0.01). Mechanistically, ATRi abrogates the G2 checkpoint (P<0.01) and homologous recombination repair (P<0.01) in ARID1A deficient cells. Most importantly, ex-vivo experiments showed that ATRi had the highest radiosensitizing effect in ARID1A negative cells from CRC patients. Collectively, our results generate pre-clinical and clinical mechanistic rationale for assessing ARID1A defects as a biomarker for ATR inhibitor response as a single agent, or in a synthetic lethal approach in combination with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Strahlenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shan Xu, ; Ali Sak,
| | - Ali Sak
- Strahlenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shan Xu, ; Ali Sak,
| | | | | | | | - Emil Mladenov
- Strahlenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - MingWei Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Fulin Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - George Iliakis
- Strahlenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Zhao S, Wu W, Jiang Z, Tang F, Ding L, Xu W, Ruan L. Roles of ARID1A variations in colorectal cancer: a collaborative review. Mol Med 2022; 28:42. [PMID: 35421925 PMCID: PMC9009033 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC), a common malignancy, is one of the leading cause of cancer death in adults. AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), a critical portion of the SWItch/sucrose non-fermentation (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, shows one of the most frequent mutant genes across different human cancer types. Deleterious variations of ARID1A has been recognized to be correlated the tumorigenesis and the poor prognosis of CRC. Here, we summarize recent advances in the clinical implications and molecular pathogenesis of ARID1A variations in CRC. According to independent data of 23 included studies, ARID1A is mutated in 3.6–66.7%. Consistently, all of the 23 relevant studies report that ARID1A functions as a specific tumor suppressor in CRC. Clinically, ARID1A variation status serves as a biomarker for survival prognosis and various therapies for CRC. Mechanistically, the pathophysiologic impacts of ARID1A variations on CRC may be associated with the co-occurrence variations of other genes (i.e., TP53, KRAS, APC, FBXW7, and PIK3CA) and the regulation of several signaling pathways being affected (i.e., WNT signaling, Akt signaling, and MEK/ERK pathway), leading to cell cycle arrest, chromatin remodeling, chromosome organization, and DNA hypermethylation of the cancer cells. The present review highlights ARID1A serving as a potent tumor suppressor and an important prognostic factor in CRC. ARID1A variations hint towards a promising tool for diagnostic tumor profiling and individualized therapeutic targets for CRC in the future.
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Comprehensive Landscape of ARID Family Members and Their Association with Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1688460. [PMID: 35402625 PMCID: PMC8986425 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1688460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most lethal forms of cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) claims many lives around the world, and it is especially common in China. The ARID family plays key roles in the pathogenesis and development of human cancers. The potential of several functional genes used as novel biomarkers has attracted more and more attention. However, the prognostic values of the ARID family in HCC patients are rarely known by people. In this study, we performed comprehensive analysis using TCGA datasets, finding that the expressions of ARID4B, ARID2, ARID3B, JARID2, ARID1A, ARID1B, and ARID3A were increased in HCC specimens compared to nontumor specimens, while the expressions of ARID4A and ARID3C were decreased in HCC specimens. According to the Pearson correlation data, the methylation levels of the majority of ARID members were negatively correlated. Upregulation of ARID3A, ARID5B, and ARID1A was related to a poor HCC outcome according to the data of multivariate assays. Then, we built a LASSO Cox regression model based on ARID3A, ARID5B, and ARID1A in HCC. Overall survival rates were considerably lower for those with high risk scores compared to those with low risk scores. Finally, we studied the associations between risk scores and several types of infiltrating immune cells. The data revealed that the risk score was positively related to the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, B cell, T cell CD8+, neutrophil, macrophage, and myeloid dendritic cell. This study conducted a thorough analysis of the ARID members, resulting in new insights for further examination of the ARID family members as prospective targets in the treatment of HCC.
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Youssef ASED, Abdel-Fattah MA, Lotfy MM, Nassar A, Abouelhoda M, Touny AO, Hassan ZK, Mohey Eldin M, Bahnassy AA, Khaled H, Zekri ARN. Multigene Panel Sequencing Reveals Cancer-Specific and Common Somatic Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Patients: An Egyptian Experience. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1332-1352. [PMID: 35723313 PMCID: PMC8947625 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at identifying common pathogenic somatic mutations at different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in Egyptian patients. Our cohort included colonoscopic biopsies collected from 120 patients: 20 biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 38 from colonic polyp patients, and 62 from patients with colorectal cancer. On top of this, the cohort included 20 biopsies from patients with non-specific mild to moderated colitis. Targeted DNA sequencing using a customized gene panel of 96 colorectal related genes running on the Ion Torrent NGS technology was used to process the samples. Our results revealed that 69% of all cases harbored at least one somatic mutation. Fifty-seven genes were found to carry 232 somatic non-synonymous variants. The most frequently pathogenic somatic mutations were localized in TP53, APC, KRAS, and PIK3CA. In total, 16 somatic mutations were detected in the CRC group and in either the IBD or CP group. In addition, our data showed that 51% of total somatic variants were CRC-specific variants. The average number of CRC-specific variants per sample is 2.4. The top genes carrying CRC-specific mutations are APC, TP53, PIK3CA, FBXW7, ATM, and SMAD4. It seems obvious that TP53 and APC genes were the most affected genes with somatic mutations in all groups. Of interest, 85% and 28% of the APC and TP53 deleterious somatic mutations were located in Exon 14 and Exon 3, respectively. Besides, 37% and 28% of the total somatic mutations identified in APC and TP53 were CRC-specific variants, respectively. Moreover, we identified that, in 29 somatic mutations in 21 genes, their association with CRC patients was unprecedented. Ten detected variants were likely to be novel: six in PIK3CA and four variants in FBXW7. The detected P53, Wnt/βcatenin, Angiogenesis, EGFR, TGF-β and Interleukin signaling pathways were the most altered pathways in 22%, 16%, 12%, 10%, 9% and 9% of the CRC patients, respectively. These results would contribute to a better understanding of the colorectal cancer and in introducing personalized therapies for Egyptian CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | | | - Mai M. Lotfy
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | - Auhood Nassar
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | | | - Ahmed O. Touny
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Zeinab K. Hassan
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
| | - Mohammed Mohey Eldin
- Tropical Medicine Department, El Kasr Al-Aini, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Abeer A. Bahnassy
- Molecular Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Hussein Khaled
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Abdel Rahman N. Zekri
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; (M.M.L.); (A.N.); (Z.K.H.)
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Peerapen P, Sueksakit K, Boonmark W, Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. ARID1A knockdown enhances carcinogenesis features and aggressiveness of Caco-2 colon cancer cells: An in vitro cellular mechanism study. J Cancer 2022; 13:373-384. [PMID: 35069887 PMCID: PMC8771531 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of ARID1A, a tumor suppressor gene, is associated with the higher grade of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the progression and aggressiveness of CRC induced by the loss of ARID1A remain poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of ARID1A knockdown on the carcinogenesis features and aggressiveness of CRC cells. A human CRC cell line (Caco-2) was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to ARID1A (siARID1A) or scrambled (non-specific) siRNA (siControl). Cell death, proliferation, senescence, chemoresistance and invasion were then evaluated. In addition, formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), self-aggregation (multicellular spheroid) and secretion of an angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were examined. The results showed that ARID1A knockdown led to significant decreases in cell death and senescence. On the other hand, ARID1A knockdown enhanced cell proliferation, chemoresistance and invasion. The siARID1A-transfected cells also had greater number of PGCCs and larger spheroid size and secreted greater level of VEGF compared with the siControl-transfected cells. These data, at least in part, explain the cellular mechanisms of ARID1A deficiency in carcinogenesis and aggressiveness features of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Sueksakit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Wanida Boonmark
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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11
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Qadir J, Majid S, Khan MS, Rashid F, Wani MD, Bhat SA. Implication of ARID1A Undercurrents and PDL1, TP53 Overexpression in Advanced Gastric Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609826. [PMID: 34924820 PMCID: PMC8677663 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), TP53 and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PDL1) are involved in several protein interactions that regulate the expression of various cancer-related genes involved in the progression of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. In addition, gene expression analysis identified some common downstream targets of ARID1A and TP53. It has been established that tumors formed by ARID1A-deficient cancer cells exhibited elevated PDL1 expression. However, the aberrations in these molecules have not been studied in this population especially in Gastric Cancer (GC). In this backdrop we aimed to investigate the role of the ARID1A mutation and expression of ARID1A, TP53 and PDL1 genes in the etiopathogenesis of Gastric Cancer (GC) in the ethnic Kashmiri population (North India). The study included 103 histologically confirmed GC cases. The mutations, if any, in exon-9 of ARID1A gene was analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing. The mRNA expression of the ARID1A, TP53 and PDL1 genes was analysed by Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). We identified a nonsense mutation (c.3219; C > T) in exon-9 among two GC patients (∼2.0%), which introduces a premature stop codon at protein position 1073. The mRNA expression of the ARID1A, TP53 and PDL1 gene was significantly reduced in 25.3% and elevated in 47.6 and 39.8% of GC cases respectively with a mean fold change of 0.63, 2.93 and 2.43. The data revealed that reduced mRNA expression of ARID1A and elevated mRNA expression of TP53 and PDL1 was significantly associated with the high-grade and advanced stage of cancer. Our study proposes that ARAD1A under-expression and overexpression of TP53 and PDL1 might be crucial for tumor progression with TP53 and PDL1 acting synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasiya Qadir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Srinagar and Associated Hospitals, Srinagar, India
| | - Sabhiya Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Srinagar and Associated Hospitals, Srinagar, India
| | - Mosin Saleem Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Srinagar and Associated Hospitals, Srinagar, India
| | - Fouzia Rashid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mumtaz Din Wani
- Department of Surgery, Government Medical College Srinagar and Associated Hospitals, Srinagar, India
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12
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Mokarram P, Niknam M, Sadeghdoust M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Siri M, Dastghaib S, Brim H, Ashktorab H. PIWI interacting RNAs perspectives: a new avenues in future cancer investigations. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10401-10419. [PMID: 34723746 PMCID: PMC8809986 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a currently identified small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) category, the PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial mediators of cell biology. The human genome comprises over 30.000 piRNA genes. Although considered a new field in cancer research, the piRNA pathway is shown by the existing evidence as an active pathway in a variety of different types of cancers with critical impacts on main aspects of cancer progression. Among the regulatory molecules that contribute to maintaining the dynamics of cancer cells, the P-element Induced WImpy testis (PIWI) proteins and piRNAs, as new players, have not been broadly studied so far. Therefore, the identification of cancer-related piRNAs and the assessment of target genes of piRNAs may lead to better cancer prevention and therapy strategies. This review articleaimed to highlight the role and function of piRNAs based on existing data. Understanding the role of piRNA in cancer may provide perspectives on their applications as particular biomarker signature in diagnosis in early stage, prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,CONTACT Pooneh Mokarram Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Brim
- Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, Dc, USA
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13
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Wang H, Chen Y, Yang D, Ma L. Perspective of Human Condensins Involved in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664982. [PMID: 34557090 PMCID: PMC8453263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many important roles are played by human condesins in condensation and segregation of mitotic chromosomes, what roles of human condensins play in colorectal cancer are still unclear at present. Recently, abnormal expressions of all eight subunits of human condensins have been found in colorectal cancer and they are expected to become potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer in the future. However, there are still no reviews on the significance of abnormal expression of human condensin subunits and colorectal cancer until now. Based on a brief introduction to the discovery and composition of human condensins, the review summarized all abnormally expressed human subunits found in colorectal cancer based on publicly published papers. Moreover, Perspective of application on abnormally expressed human subunits in colorectal cancer is further reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- The Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Siping, China
| | - Liang Ma
- The Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Siping, China
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14
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Erfani M, Zamani M, Hosseini SY, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Shafiee SM, Saeidnia M, Mokarram P. ARID1A regulates E-cadherin expression in colorectal cancer cells: a promising candidate therapeutic target. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6749-6756. [PMID: 34424445 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is a major cause of death in Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been known to be a crucial event in cancer metastasis. Downregulated expression of AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), a bona fide tumor suppressor gene, plays an important role in promoting EMT and CRC metastasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the impact of ARID1A knockdown and overexpression on the expression of EMT‑related genes, E-cadherin and β-catenin, in human CRC cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression levels of ARID1A, E-cadherin and β-catenin in CRC cell lines were detected via real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot. ARID1A overexpression and shRNA-mediated knockdown were performed to indicate the effect of ARID1A expression on E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in CRC cell lines. The effect of ARID1A knockdown on the migration ability of HCT116 cells was assessed using wound-healing assay. We found that the mRNA and protein expression of adhesive protein E-cadherin was remarkably downregulated in response to shRNA-mediated ARID1A knockdown in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Conversely, overexpression of ARID1A in SW48 cells significantly increased E-cadherin expression. In addition, ARID1A silencing promoted the migration of HCT116 cells. ARID1A knockdown and overexpression did not alter the level of β-catenin expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that E-cadherin levels were closely correlated with ARID1A expression. Thus, ARID1A downregulation may promote CRC metastasis through decreasing EMT‑related protein E-cadherin and promoting epithelial cell movement. ARID1A could represent a promising candidate therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Erfani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Saeidnia
- Department of Hematology, School of Paramedical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran.
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Baldi S, Khamgan H, Qian Y, Wu H, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Gao Y, Safi M, Al-Radhi M, Zuo YF. Downregulated ARID1A by miR-185 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis and Adverse Outcomes in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679334. [PMID: 34414106 PMCID: PMC8367751 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) is a tumor suppressor gene that mutates in several cancer types, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC). In colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), the low expression of ARID1A was reported but the molecular reason is unclear. We noticed that ARID1A low expression was associated with increased levels of miR-185 in the COAD. Therefore, this study aims to explore ncRNA-dependent mechanism that regulates ARID1A expression in COAD regarding miR-185. The expression of ARID1A was tested in COAD cell line under the effect of miR-185 mimics compared with inhibitor. The molecular features associated with loss of ARID1A and its association with tumor prognosis were analyzed using multi-platform data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify potential signaling pathways associated with ARID1A alterations in colon cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that a low level of ARID1A was closely related to low survival rate in patients with COAD. Results showed that inhibiting miR-185 expression in the COAD cell line significantly restored the expression of ARID1A. Further, the increased expression of ARID1A significantly improved the prolonged overall survival of COAD. We noticed that there is a possible relationship between ARID1A high expression and tumor microenvironment infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, the increase of ARID1A in tumor cells enhanced the response of inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ARID1A is a direct target of miR-185 in COAD that regulates the immune modulations in the microenvironment of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Baldi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hassan Khamgan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yina Gao
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mohammed Al-Radhi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun-Fei Zuo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Diagnostic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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