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Kiewa J, Meltzer-Brody S, Milgrom J, Guintivano J, Hickie IB, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, Medland SE, Martin NG, Wray NR, Byrne EM. Comprehensive Sex-Stratified Genetic Analysis of 28 Blood Biomarkers and Depression Reveals a Significant Association between Depression and Low Levels of Total Protein in Females. Complex Psychiatry 2024; 10:19-34. [PMID: 38584764 PMCID: PMC10997320 DOI: 10.1159/000538058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major depression (MD) is more common amongst women than men, and MD episodes have been associated with fluctuations in reproductive hormones amongst women. To investigate biological underpinnings of heterogeneity in MD, the associations between depression, stratified by sex and including perinatal depression (PND), and blood biomarkers, using UK Biobank (UKB) data, were evaluated, and extended to include the association of depression with biomarker polygenic scores (PGS), generated as proxy for each biomarker. Method Using female (N = 39,761) and male (N = 38,821) UKB participants, lifetime MD and PND were tested for association with 28 blood biomarkers. A GWAS was conducted for each biomarker and genetic correlations with depression subgroups were estimated. Using independent data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS were constructed for each biomarker, and tested for association with depression status (n [female cases/controls] = 9,006/6,442; n [male cases/controls] = 3,106/6,222). Regions of significant local genetic correlation between depression subgroups and biomarkers highlighted by the PGS analysis were identified. Results Depression in females was significantly associated with levels of twelve biomarkers, including total protein (OR = 0.90, CI = [0.86, 0.94], p = 3.9 × 10-6) and vitamin D (OR = 0.94, CI = [0.90, 0.97], p = 2.6 × 10-4), and PND with five biomarker levels, also including total protein (OR = 0.88, CI = [0.81, 0.96], p = 4.7 × 10-3). Depression in males was significantly associated with levels of eleven biomarkers. In the independent Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS analysis found significant associations for female depression and PND with total protein (female depression: OR = 0.93, CI = [0.88, 0.98], p = 3.6 × 10-3; PND: OR = 0.91, CI = [0.86, 0.96], p = 1.1 × 10-3), as well as with vitamin D (female depression: OR = 0.93, CI = [0.89, 0.97], p = 2.0 × 10-3; PND: OR = 0.92, CI = [0.87, 0.97], p = 1.4 × 10-3). The male depression sample did not report any significant results, and the point estimate of total protein (OR = 0.98, CI = [0.92-1.04], p = 4.7 × 10-1) did not indicate any association. Local genetic correlation analysis highlighted significant genetic correlation between PND and total protein, located in 5q13.3 (rG = 0.68, CI = [0.33, 1.0], p = 3.6 × 10-4). Discussion and Conclusion Multiple lines of evidence from genetic analysis highlight an association between total serum protein levels and depression in females. Further research involving prospective measurement of total protein and depressive symptoms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kiewa
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerry Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Meng Y, Ye F, Nie P, Zhao Q, An L, Wang W, Qu S, Shen Z, Cao Z, Zhang X, Jiao S, Wu D, Zhou Z, Wei L. Immunosuppressive CD10 +ALPL + neutrophils promote resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in HCC by mediating irreversible exhaustion of T cells. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1435-1449. [PMID: 37689322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Remodeling the tumor microenvironment is a critical strategy for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet, how distinct cell populations in the microenvironment mediate tumor resistance to immunotherapies, such as anti-PD-1, remains poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed the transcriptomic profile, at a single-cell resolution, of tumor tissues from patients with HCC scheduled to receive anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy. Our comparative analysis and experimental validation using flow cytometry and histopathological analysis uncovered a discrete subpopulation of cells associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 treatment in patients and a rat model. A TurboID-based proximity labeling approach was deployed to gain mechanistic insights into the reprogramming of the HCC microenvironment. RESULTS We identified CD10+ALPL+ neutrophils as being associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 treatment. These neutrophils exhibited a strong immunosuppressive activity by inducing an apparent "irreversible" exhaustion of T cells in terms of cell number, frequency, and gene profile. Mechanistically, CD10+ALPL+ neutrophils were induced by tumor cells, i.e., tumor-secreted NAMPT reprogrammed CD10+ALPL+ neutrophils through NTRK1, maintaining them in an immature state and inhibiting their maturation and activation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results reveal a fundamental mechanism by which CD10+ALPL+ neutrophils contribute to tumor immune escape from durable anti-PD-1 treatment. These data also provide further insights into novel immunotherapy targets and possible synergistic treatment regimens. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Herein, we discovered that tumor cells reprogrammed CD10+ALPL+ neutrophils to induce the "irreversible" exhaustion of T cells and hence allow tumors to escape from the intended effects of anti-PD-1 treatment. Our data provided a new theoretical basis for the elucidation of special cell populations and revealed a molecular mechanism underpinning resistance to immunotherapy. Targeting these cells alongside existing immunotherapy could be looked at as a potentially more effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China; Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pingping Nie
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qiudong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liwei An
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuping Qu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhemin Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhifa Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Lin KM, Weng LF, Chen SYJ, Lin SJ, Tsai CH. Upregulation of IQGAP2 by EBV transactivator Rta and its influence on EBV life cycle. J Virol 2023; 97:e0054023. [PMID: 37504571 PMCID: PMC10506479 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00540-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human oncogenic γ-herpesvirus that establishes persistent infection in more than 90% of the world's population. EBV has two life cycles, latency and lytic replication. Reactivation of EBV from latency to the lytic cycle is initiated and controlled by two viral immediate-early transcription factors, Zta and Rta, encoded by BZLF1 and BRLF1, respectively. In this study, we found that IQGAP2 expression was elevated in EBV-infected B cells and identified Rta as a viral gene responsible for the IQGAP2 upregulation in both B cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Mechanistically, we showed that Rta increases IQGAP2 expression through direct binding to the Rta-responsive element in the IQGAP2 promoter. We also demonstrated the direct interaction between Rta and IQGAP2 as well as their colocalization in the nucleus. Functionally, we showed that the induced IQGAP2 is required for the Rta-mediated Rta promoter activation in the EBV lytic cycle progression and may influence lymphoblastoid cell line clumping morphology through regulating E-cadherin expression. IMPORTANCE Elevated levels of antibodies against EBV lytic proteins and increased EBV DNA copy numbers in the sera have been reported in patients suffering from Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, indicating that EBV lytic cycle progression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated diseases and highlighting the need for a more complete mechanistic understanding of the EBV lytic cycle. Rta acts as an essential transcriptional activator to induce lytic gene expression and thus trigger EBV reactivation. In this study, scaffolding protein IQGAP2 was found to be upregulated prominently following EBV infection via the direct binding of Rta to the RRE in the IQGAP2 promoter but not in response to other biological stimuli. Importantly, IQGAP2 was demonstrated to interact with Rta and promote the EBV lytic cycle progression. Suppression of IQGAP2 was also found to decrease E-cadherin expression and affect the clumping morphology of lymphoblastoid cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Weng
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yo Jill Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Jane Lin
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hwa Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li J, Guo Q, Xing R. Construction and validation of an immune infiltration-related risk model for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in low grade glioma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:727. [PMID: 37543576 PMCID: PMC10403952 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grade glioma (LGG) is considered a heterogeneous tumor with highly variable survival and limited efficacy of immunotherapy. To identify high-risk subsets and apply immunotherapy effectively in LGG, the status and function of immune infiltration in the glioma microenvironment must be explored. METHODS Four independent glioma cohorts comprising 1,853 patients were enrolled for bioinformatics analysis. We used ConsensusClusterPlus to cluster patients into four different immune subtypes based on immune infiltration. The immune-infiltration signature (IIS) was constructed by LASSO regression analysis. Somatic mutation and copy number variation (CNV) analyses were performed to explore genomic and transcriptomic traits in the high- and low- risk groups. The correlation between response to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade and the IIS risk score was confirmed in an in vivo glioma model. RESULTS Patients were clustered into four different immune subtypes based on immune infiltration, and the high immune infiltration subtype was associated with worse survival in LGG. The high immune infiltration subtype had stronger inflammatory response, immune response and immune cell chemotaxis. The IIS, consisting of EMP3, IQGAP2, METTL7B, SLC1A6 and TNFRSF11B, could predict LGG malignant progression, which was validated with internal clinical samples. M2 macrophage infiltration positively correlated with the IIS risk score. The high-risk group had significantly more somatic mutations and CNVs. The IIS risk score was related to immunomodulatory molecules and could predict immunotherapy clinical benefit. In vivo, immunotherapy-sensitive glioma model exhibited higher IIS risk score and more infiltration of immune cells, especially M2 macrophages. The IIS risk score was decreased in an immunotherapy-sensitive glioma model after anti-PD1 immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Different immune subtypes of LGG had unique immune cell infiltration characteristics, and the high immune infiltration subtype was associated with immunosuppressive signaling pathways. A novel IIS prognostic model based on immune infiltration status was constructed for immunophenotypic classification, risk stratification, prognostication and immunotherapy response prediction in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Li
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
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Xiao H, Wang G, Zhao M, Shuai W, Ouyang L, Sun Q. Ras superfamily GTPase activating proteins in cancer: Potential therapeutic targets? Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115104. [PMID: 36641861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To search more therapeutic strategies for Ras-mutant tumors, regulators of the Ras superfamily involved in the GTP/GDP (guanosine triphosphate/guanosine diphosphate) cycle have been well concerned for their anti-tumor potentials. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) provide the catalytic group necessary for the hydrolysis of GTPs, which accelerate the switch by cycling between GTP-bound active and GDP-bound inactive forms. Inactivated GAPs lose their function in activating GTPase, leading to the continuous activation of downstream signaling pathways, uncontrolled cell proliferation, and eventually carcinogenesis. A growing number of evidence has shown the close link between GAPs and human tumors, and as a result, GAPs are believed as potential anti-tumor targets. The present review mainly summarizes the critically important role of GAPs in human tumors by introducing the classification, function and regulatory mechanism. Moreover, we comprehensively describe the relationship between dysregulated GAPs and the certain type of tumor. Finally, the current status, research progress, and clinical value of GAPs as therapeutic targets are also discussed, as well as the challenges and future direction in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Song F, Dai Q, Grimm MO, Steinbach D. The Antithetic Roles of IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041115. [PMID: 36831467 PMCID: PMC9953781 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein family of IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating proteins (IQGAP1, 2, and 3) share a high degree of homology and comprise six functional domains. IQGAPs bind and regulate the cytoskeleton, interact with MAP kinases and calmodulin, and have GTPase-related activity, as well as a RasGAP domain. Thus, IQGAPs regulate multiple cellular processes and pathways, affecting cell division, growth, cell-cell interactions, migration, and invasion. In the past decade, significant evidence on the function of IQGAPs in signal transduction during carcinogenesis has emerged. Compared with IQGAP1, IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 were less analyzed. In this review, we summarize the different signaling pathways affected by IQGAP2 and IQGAP3, and the antithetic roles of IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 in different types of cancer. IQGAP2 expression is reduced and plays a tumor suppressor role in most solid cancer types, while IQGAP3 is overexpressed and acts as an oncogene. In lymphoma, for example, IQGAPs have partially opposite functions. There is considerable evidence that IQGAPs regulate a multitude of pathways to modulate cancer processes and chemoresistance, but some questions, such as how they trigger this signaling, through which domains, and why they play opposite roles on the same pathways, are still unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Department of Urology, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Marc-Oliver Grimm
- Department of Urology, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Steinbach
- Department of Urology, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Upregulation of Actin-Related Protein 2 (ACTR2) Exacerbated the Malignancy of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma through Activating Wnt Signaling. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9351921. [PMID: 36570337 PMCID: PMC9771665 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9351921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This investigation mainly explores the roles of actin-related protein 2 (ACTR2) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We first assessed the level of ACTR2 and its association with the overall survival (OS) of DLBCL. The results indicated that ACTR2 was upregulated in DLBCL and was associated with unfavorable prognosis of DLBCL. Next, the effect of ACTR2 knockdown or overexpression on DLBCL was evaluated in vitro. Our investigation revealed that ACTR2 depletion inhibited the malignant behaviors of DLBCL cells; whereas, ACTR2 abundance promoted those behaviors. Besides, ACTR2 activated the Wnt signaling in DLBCL and exerted its oncogenic influence on DLBCL through Wnt signaling in vitro and in vivo. To summarize, our study implicated that ACTR2 was a promising therapeutic target for DLBCL, which might become a novel direction to improve our understanding on DLBCL.
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Ren Z, Wang X. LncRNA ATP2B1-AS1 modulates endothelial permeability via regulating miR-4729/IQGAP2 axis in diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:443-452. [PMID: 34935307 PMCID: PMC8902403 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Mounting evidence shows that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important to modulate the biological process of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aimed to investigate the role of lncRNAs in DR and elucidate the exact mechanism. Materials and Methods Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out to distinguish the lncRNA ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1 antisense RNA 1 (ATP2B1‐AS1) expression in DR patients and HG‐treated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). Dual‐luciferase reporter system was used to verify that ATP2B1‐AS1 could act as a microRNA (miR)‐4729 sponge, and miR‐4729 could bind to 3′UTR of IQ motif‐containing GTPase‐activating protein 2 (IQGAP2). Cell proliferation assay, wound healing migration assay, transwell assay, tube formation assay and immunofluorescence were used to investigate cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HRECs. Results The present results showed that ATP2B1‐AS1 was downregulated in DR patients and high‐glucose‐induced HRECs. In gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays, ATP2B1‐AS1 overexpression could significantly reduce cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and permeability induced by high glucose in vitro. Additionally, we carried out dual‐luciferase reporter experiments to determine that ATP2B1‐AS1 could act as a miR‐4729 sponge. ATP2B1‐AS1 overexpression could rescue miR‐4729 mimics and short hairpin RNA‐IQGAP2 induced cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HRECs. Conclusions The present study showed that ATP2B1‐AS1 acted as a miR‐4729 sponge to regulate IQGAP2 reducing high‐glucose‐induced endothelial dysfunction in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjin Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang
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