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Song WJ, Zhang F, Wang ZY, Wang ZS, Wang BY, Jia JR. Colorectal cancer mouse metastasis model combining bioluminescent and micro-computed tomography imaging for monitoring the effects of 5-fluorouracil treatment. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2572-2581. [PMID: 37969373 PMCID: PMC10643956 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most fatal cancer with a low probability of surgery and limited treatment options, especially in metastatic CRC. In this study, we investigated whether a mouse model of metastatic CRC mimicked tumor progression and evaluated the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Methods The CT26 mouse derived CRC cancer cell line was inoculated into mice, and the tumor bearing mice were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Micro-computed tomography (CT) and in vivo fluorescence were used to monitor the progression of metastatic CRC. A lung metastasis mouse model was employed to determine the effects of 5-FU on metastasis. Results Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and computed tomography (CT), as non-invasive methods, can continuously monitor the growth of tumors in vivo. Thus, imaging techniques can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate tumor growth indicators. 5-FU injected intravenously reduced the viability of metastatic CRC cells and resulted in prolonged survival compared to the control group. Moreover, the 5-FU-treated group had significantly reduced fluorescence of the CT26 cells in the lung. The results observed by BLI and CT are consistent with the tissue morphology and structure presented in pathological examination. Conclusions In summary, a successful mouse model of CRC metastasis for clinical application has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Song Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Bi-Yun Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Rong Jia
- Laboratory Animal Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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Wu S, Sun Z, Guo Z, Li P, Mao Q, Tang Y, Chen H, Peng H, Wang S, Cao Y. The effectiveness of blood-activating and stasis-transforming traditional Chinese medicines (BAST) in lung cancer progression-a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116565. [PMID: 37172918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Blood-activating and stasis-transforming traditional Chinese medicines (BAST) are a class of herbs that have the effect of dilating blood vessels and dispersing stagnation. Modern pharmaceutical research has demonstrated that they are capable of improving hemodynamics and micro-flow, resist thrombosis and promote blood flow. BAST contain numerous active ingredients, which can theoretically regulate multiple targets at the same time and have a wide range of pharmacological effects in the treatment of diseases including human cancers. Clinically, BAST have minimal side effects and can be used in combination with Western medicine to improve patients' quality of life, lessen adverse effects and minimize the risk of recurrence and metastasis of cancers. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to summarize the research progression of BAST on lung cancer in the past five years and present a prospect for the future. Particularly, this review further analyzes the effects and molecular mechanisms that BAST inhibit the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant studies about BSAT were collected from PubMed and Web of science. RESULTS Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest mortality rate. Most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage and are highly susceptible to metastasis. Recent studies have shown that BAST, a class of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the function of opening veins and dispersing blood stasis, significantly improve hemodynamics and microcirculation, prevent thrombosis and promote blood flow, and thereby inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. In the current review, we analyzed 51 active ingredients extracted from BAST. It was found that BAST and their active ingredients contribute to the prevention of invasion and metastasis of lung cancer through multiple mechanisms, such as regulation of EMT process, specific signaling pathway and metastasis-related genes, tumor blood vessel formation, immune microenvironment and inflammatory response of tumors. CONCLUSIONS BSAT and its active ingredients have showed promising anticancer activity and significantly inhibit the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. A growing number of studies have realized their potential clinical significance in the therapy of lung cancer, which will provide substantial evidences for the development of new TCM for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zehuai Guo
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peiqin Li
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qianqian Mao
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Tang
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Chen
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huiting Peng
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sisi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang LM, Yadav R, Serban M, Arias O, Seuntjens J, Ybarra N. Validation of an orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer mouse model, with left or right tumor growths, to use in conformal radiotherapy studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284282. [PMID: 37053154 PMCID: PMC10101527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mice models are important for establishing translatability of in vitro results. However, most orthotopic lung models do not produce localized tumors treatable by conformal radiotherapy (RT). Here we report on the performance of an orthotopic mice model featuring conformal RT treatable tumors following either left or right lung tumor cell implantation. Athymic Nude mice were surgically implanted with H1299 NSCLC cell line in either the left or right lung. Tumor development was tracked bi-weekly using computed tomography (CT) imaging. When lesions reached an appropriate size for treatment, animals were separated into non-treatment (control group) and RT treated groups. Both RT treated left and right lung tumors which were given a single dose of 20 Gy of 225 kV X-rays. Left lung tumors were treated with a two-field parallel opposed plan while right lung tumors were treated with a more conformal four-field plan to assess tumor control. Mice were monitored for 30 days after RT or after tumor reached treatment size for non-treatment animals. Treatment images from the left and right lung tumor were also used to assess the dose distribution for four distinct treatment plans: 1) Two sets of perpendicularly staggered parallel opposed fields, 2) two fields positioned in the anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior configuration, 3) an 180° arc field from 0° to 180° and 4) two parallel opposed fields which cross through the contralateral lung. Tumor volumes and changes throughout the follow-up period were tracked by three different types of quantitative tumor size approximation and tumor volumes derived from contours. Ultimately, our model generated delineable and conformal RT treatable tumor following both left and right lung implantation. Similarly consistent tumor development was noted between left and right models. We were also able to demonstrate that a single 20 Gy dose of 225 kV X-rays applied to either the right or left lung tumor models had similar levels of tumor control resulting in similar adverse outcomes and survival. And finally, three-dimensional tumor approximation featuring volume computed from the measured length across three perpendicular axes gave the best approximation of tumor volume, most closely resembled tumor volumes obtained with contours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ranjan Yadav
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monica Serban
- Radiation Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Arias
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jan Seuntjens
- Radiation Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norma Ybarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Yin M, Guan S, Ding X, Zhuang R, Sun Z, Wang T, Zheng J, Li L, Gao X, Wei H, Ma J, Huang Q, Xiao J, Mo W. Construction and validation of a novel web-based nomogram for patients with lung cancer with bone metastasis: A real-world analysis based on the SEER database. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1075217. [PMID: 36568214 PMCID: PMC9780685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1075217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with lung cancer with bone metastasis (LCBM) often have a very poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to characterize the prevalence and associated factors and to develop a prognostic nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with LCBM using multicenter population-based data. Methods Patients with LCBM at the time of diagnosis were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from 2010 to 2015. Multivariable and univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with all-cause mortality and lung cancer (LC)-specific mortality. The performance of the nomograms was evaluated with the calibration curves, area under the curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to estimate the survival times of patients with LCBM. Results We finally identified 26,367 patients with LCBM who were selected for survival analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated age, sex, T stage, N stage, grade, histology, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, primary site, primary surgery, liver metastasis, and brain metastasis as independent predictors for LCBM. The AUC values of the nomogram for the OS prediction were 0.755, 0.746, and 0.775 in the training cohort; 0.757, 0.763, and 0.765 in the internal validation cohort; and 0.769, 0.781, and 0.867 in the external validation cohort. For CSS, the values were 0.753, 0.753, and 0.757 in the training cohort; 0.753, 0.753, and 0.757 in the internal validation cohort; and 0.767, 0.774, and 0.872 in the external validation cohort. Conclusions Our study constructs a new prognostic model and clearly presents the clinicopathological features and survival analysis of patients with LCBM. The result indicated that the nomograms had favorable discrimination, good consistency, and clinical benefits in patients. In addition, our constructed nomogram prediction models may assist physicians in evaluating individualized prognosis and deciding on treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Yin
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Guan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Ding
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhuang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwang Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jiale Zheng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junming Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Huang
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jianru Xiao, ; Wen Mo,
| | - Wen Mo
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jianru Xiao, ; Wen Mo,
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Research Status of Mouse Models for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Antitumor Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Mouse Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6404853. [PMID: 36185084 PMCID: PMC9519343 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6404853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known as one of the most lethal cancers, causing more than 1 million deaths annually worldwide. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic drugs for NSCLC has become an urgent need. Herein, various mouse models provide great convenience not only for researchers but also for the development of antitumor drug. Meanwhile, TCM, as a valuable and largely untapped resource pool for modern medicine, provides research resources for the treatment of various diseases. Until now, cell-derived xenograft (CDX) model, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, syngeneic model, orthotopic model, humanized mouse model (HIS), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have been reported in TCM evaluation. This review shows the role and current status of kinds of mouse models in antitumor research and summarizes the application progress of TCM including extracts, formulas, and isolated single molecules for NSCLC therapy in various mouse models; more importantly, it provides a theoretical exploration of what kind of mouse models is ideal for TCM efficacy evaluation in future. However, there are still huge challenges and limitations in the development of mouse models specifically for the TCM research, and none of the available models are perfectly matching the characteristics of TCM, which suppress the tumor growth through various mechanisms, especially by regulating immune function. Nevertheless, with fully functional immune system existing in syngeneic model and humanized mouse model (HIS), it is still suggested that these two models are more suitable for development of TCM especially for TCM extracts or formulas. Moreover, continued efforts are needed to generate more reliable mouse models to test TCM formulas in future research.
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Jiang Y, Zhan H, Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu M, Xu C, Fan X, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Shi X, Ramesh R, Li M. ZIP4 promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by activating snail-N-cadherin signaling axis. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:71-81. [PMID: 34450198 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most critical health problems worldwide, with high incidence and poor survival rate. A zinc importer ZIP4 has been implicated in the process of tumor growth and metastasis of many cancers. However, its exact role and the underlying mechanism in NSCLC remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that human ZIP4 was substantially overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Overexpression of ZIP4 promoted cell migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in a mouse lung metastasis model. Silencing of ZIP4 attenuated migration, invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, overexpression of ZIP4 increased the expression of Snail, Slug and N-cadherin while genetic inactivation of ZIP4 downregulated the expression of above-mentioned genes. Further analysis showed that transcriptional factor Snail which modulates N-cadherin was involved in the process of ZIP4-mediated NSCLC migration and invasion. We also demonstrated that ZIP4 positively correlates with the levels of Snail, Slug and N-cadherin in mice lung metastasis tumors. Together, these results suggest that ZIP4 acts as an important regulator of Snail-N-cadherin signaling axis in promoting NSCLC progression and may serve as a novel predictive marker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xiuhui Shi
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Jarry U, Bostoën M, Pineau R, Chaillot L, Mennessier V, Montagne P, Motte E, Gournay M, Le Goff A, Guillaudeux T, Pedeux R. Correction to: Orthotopic model of lung cancer: isolation of bone micro-metastases after tumor escape from Osimertinib treatment. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:574. [PMID: 34011294 PMCID: PMC8136162 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jarry
- Université Rennes 1, UMS 3480 CNRS/US018 INSERM BIOSIT, Laboratoire Commun ONCOTRIAL, Rennes, France. .,Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France.
| | - Mégane Bostoën
- Université Rennes 1, UMS 3480 CNRS/US018 INSERM BIOSIT, Laboratoire Commun ONCOTRIAL, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Pineau
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Laura Chaillot
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | - Pierre Montagne
- Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France
| | - Emilie Motte
- Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France
| | - Marjorie Gournay
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Le Goff
- Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- Université Rennes 1, UMS 3480 CNRS/US018 INSERM BIOSIT, Laboratoire Commun ONCOTRIAL, Rennes, France.,INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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