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Parvez A, Choudhary F, Mudgal P, Khan R, Qureshi KA, Farooqi H, Aspatwar A. PD-1 and PD-L1: architects of immune symphony and immunotherapy breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1296341. [PMID: 38106415 PMCID: PMC10722272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein-1) and PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1) play a crucial role in regulating the immune system and preventing autoimmunity. Cancer cells can manipulate this system, allowing them to escape immune detection and promote tumor growth. Therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have transformed cancer treatment and have demonstrated significant effectiveness against various cancer types. This study delves into the structure and signaling dynamics of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2, the diverse PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and their efficacy, and the resistance observed in some patients. Furthermore, this study explored the challenges associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment approach. Recent advancements in the combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical procedures to enhance patient outcomes have also been highlighted. Overall, this study offers an in-depth overview of the significance of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy and its future implications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Parvez
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia, Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Furqan Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia, Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyal Mudgal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia, Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahila Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia, Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal A. Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Farooqi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia, Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Martino M, Canale FA, Porto G, Verduci C, Utano G, Policastro G, Germanò J, Alati C, Santoro L, Imbalzano L, Pitea M. Integrating CAR-T cell therapy into the management of DLBCL: what we are learning. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:1277-1285. [PMID: 38078446 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2292634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chimeric Antigen Receptor ;(CAR) T cells therapies have become part of the standard of care for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The weakness of CAR-T therapies is that there are no comparative clinical trials, although many publications based on real-life data have confirmed the results obtained in pivotal studies. After several years of the commercialization of CAR-T, some points still need to be fully clarified. Healthcare professionals have questions about identifying patients who may benefit from therapy. There are aspects inherent in the accessibility of care related to improved relationships between CAR-T-delivering and referral centers. AREAS COVERED Open questions are inherent in the salvage and bridge therapy, predictive criteria for response and persistence of CAR-T after infusion. Managing toxicities remain a top priority and one of the points on which further knowledge is needed. EXPERT OPINION This review aims to describe the current landscape of CAR-T cells in DLBCL, outline their outcomes and toxicities, and explain the outstanding questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Martino
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Filippo Antonio Canale
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porto
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Chiara Verduci
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanna Utano
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Giorgia Policastro
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Jessyca Germanò
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Caterina Alati
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santoro
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Imbalzano
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Martina Pitea
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Unit (CTMO), Department of Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Grande OspedaleMetropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio, Calabria, Italy
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