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Ashimori A, Higashijima F, Ogata T, Sakuma A, Hamada W, Sunada J, Aoki R, Mikuni M, Hayashi K, Wakuta M, Yoshimoto T, Minamoto A, Ko JA, Kimura K. HIF-1α-dependent upregulation of angiogenic factors by mechanical stimulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050640. [PMID: 38691000 PMCID: PMC11095633 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation as a mimic of drusen formation in the eye increases the expression of angiogenic factors in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated and characterized the effects of mechanical stimulation on the expression of angiogenic factors in RPE cells both in vitro and in a mouse model. Mechanical stimulation increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, encoded by VEGFA) and other angiogenesis-related genes in cultured RPE1 cells. The presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α, encoded by HIF1A) was also increased, and both knockdown of HIF-1α and treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor CAY10585 attenuated the effect of mechanical stimulation on angiogenesis factor gene expression. Signaling by the tyrosine kinase SRC and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was involved in HIF-1α activation and consequent angiogenesis-related gene expression induced by mechanical stimulation. Our results suggest that SRC-p38 and HIF-1α signaling are involved in the upregulation of angiogenic factors in RPE cells by mechanical stimulation. Such in vivo suppression of upregulated expression of angiogenesis-related genes by pharmacological inhibitors of HIF-1α suggests a new potential approach to the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushige Ashimori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Higashijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Ogata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ayano Sakuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Waka Hamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Junki Sunada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ren Aoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Mikuni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ken'ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Makiko Wakuta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Minamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ji-Ae Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube City, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Sheth VS, Singer M, MacCumber M, Cutino A, Kasper J, Coughlin BA, Riemann CD. Long-Term Control of Retinal Thickness Variability and Vision Following the 0.19 mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2023; 7:490-497. [PMID: 37974917 PMCID: PMC10649457 DOI: 10.1177/24741264231201314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the impact of retinal thickness variability (RTV) control on visual and treatment burden outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) who received the 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) intravitreal implant (Iluvien, Alimera Sciences). Methods: This post hoc analysis examined the outcomes of a 3-year, phase 4, nonrandomized, open-label observational study. Retinal thickness was measured as central subfield thickness (CST). RTV was quantified by CST area under the curve (CST-AUC), retinal thickness amplitude (RTA), and retinal thickness standard deviation (RTSD). Visual outcomes were measured as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and treatment burden was measured as the number of yearly supplemental DME treatments. Results: The percentage of eyes with a CST ≤300 µm fluctuated throughout the study but was significantly increased relative to baseline at 36 months (baseline: 32.9% vs 36 months: 46.8%; P < .05). FAc significantly reduced RTV in all measures more than 36 months (P < .0001). When divided into quartiles, eyes with the best RTV control post FAc had the greatest BCVA gains and improved disease control (ie, reduced need for supplemental therapy). The last-observed BCVA letter score exhibited linear correlations with CST-AUC (R2 = -0.100), RTA (R2 = -0.125), and RTSD (R2 = -0.162). A multivariate linear regression with baseline BCVA as a covariate displayed improved correlations with the last-observed BCVA, CST-AUC (R2 = -0.448), RTA (R2 = -0.432), and RTSD (R2 = -0.436). Conclusions: The sustained corticosteroid release of the 0.19 mg FAc implant reduced RTV in patients with DME, which directly correlated with significantly improved vision and a reduced supplemental treatment burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Singer
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher D. Riemann
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Fang K, Müller S, Ueda M, Nakagawa Y, S Furukawa K, Ushida T, Ikoma T, Ito Y. Cyclic stretch modulates the cell morphology transition under geometrical confinement by covalently immobilized gelatin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9155-9162. [PMID: 37455606 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00421j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts geometrically confined by photo-immobilized gelatin micropatterns were subjected to cyclic stretch on the silicone elastomer. By using covalently micropatterned surfaces, the cell morphologies such as cell area and length were quantitatively investigated under a cyclic stretch for 20 hours. The mechanical forces did not affect the cell growth but significantly altered the cellular morphology on both non-patterned and micropatterned surfaces. It was found that cells on non-patterns showed increasing cell length and decreasing cell area under the stretch. The width of the strip micropatterns provided a different extent of contact guidance for fibroblasts. The highly extended cells on the 10 μm pattern under static conditions would perform a contraction behavior once treated by cyclic stretch. In contrast, cells with a low extension on the 2 μm pattern kept elongating according to the micropattern under the cyclic stretch. The vertical stretch induced an increase in cell area and length more than the parallel stretch in both the 10 μm and 2 μm patterns. These results provided new insights into cell behaviors under geometrical confinement in a dynamic biomechanical environment and may guide biomaterial design for tissue engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fang
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Stefan Müller
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoki Ueda
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuko S Furukawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Xie N, Xiao C, Shu Q, Cheng B, Wang Z, Xue R, Wen Z, Wang J, Shi H, Fan D, Liu N, Xu F. Cell response to mechanical microenvironment cues via Rho signaling: From mechanobiology to mechanomedicine. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:1-20. [PMID: 36717048 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues in the cell microenvironment such as those from extracellular matrix properties, stretching, compression and shear stress, play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Upon sensing mechanical stimuli, cells can translate these external forces into intracellular biochemical signals to regulate their cellular behaviors, but the specific mechanisms of mechanotransduction at the molecular level remain elusive. As a subfamily of the Ras superfamily, Rho GTPases have been recognized as key intracellular mechanotransduction mediators that can regulate multiple cell activities such as proliferation, migration and differentiation as well as biological processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolism, and organ development. However, the upstream mechanosensors for Rho proteins and downstream effectors that respond to Rho signal activation have not been well illustrated. Moreover, Rho-mediated mechanical signals in previous studies are highly context-dependent. In this review, we systematically summarize the types of mechanical cues in the cell microenvironment and provide recent advances on the roles of the Rho-based mechanotransduction in various cell activities, physiological processes and diseases. Comprehensive insights into the mechanical roles of Rho GTPase partners would open a new paradigm of mechanomedicine for a variety of diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we highlight the critical role of Rho GTPases as signal mediators to respond to physical cues in microenvironment. This article will add a distinct contribution to this set of knowledge by intensively addressing the relationship between Rho signaling and mechanobiology/mechanotransduction/mechanomedcine. This topic has not been discussed by the journal, nor has it yet been developed by the field. The comprehensive picture that will develop, from molecular mechanisms and engineering methods to disease treatment strategies, represents an important and distinct contribution to the field. We hope that this review would help researchers in various fields, especially clinicians, oncologists and bioengineers, who study Rho signal pathway and mechanobiology/mechanotransduction, understand the critical role of Rho GTPase in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Cailan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Runxin Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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Shin JY, Lee J, Park J, Kim M, Chung H, Byeon SH. Association of Keratin 8 Level in Aqueous Humor With Outcomes of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:26. [PMID: 35040914 PMCID: PMC8764207 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate keratin 8 (KRT8) level in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and elucidate its association with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment outcomes. Methods This prospective study involved 58 eyes of treatment-naïve nAMD patients treated with three IVR doses monthly and whose AH samples were collected at baseline and two months after the initial treatment. KRT8 level was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with that of the control group, which comprised patients who underwent cataract surgery during the same period. The nAMD-affected eyes were classified into responder (dry) and poor responder (persistent fluid) groups, according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings at month three. Additionally, associations between the KRT8 level and IVR treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results The baseline KRT8 level was significantly higher in the AMD group than in the control group. In the AMD group, responders demonstrated significant differences between the KRT8 level at the baseline and month two, whereas poor responders exhibited no significant change. Regression analysis revealed that a higher KRT8 level at month two was significantly associated with persistent fluid upon OCT at months three and six. Conclusions Monitoring aqueous KRT8 level may facilitate early determination of the therapeutic effects of IVR in nAMD patients and reflect the conditions of retinal pigment epithelium during the disease course. Translational Relevance Monitoring aqueous KRT8 may aid early determination of therapeutic effects of IVR in neovascular AMD patients and reflect the health conditions of retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Youn Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Myram S, Venzac B, Lapin B, Battistella A, Cayrac F, Cinquin B, Cavaniol C, Gropplero G, Bonnet I, Demolombe S, Descroix S, Coscoy S. A Multitubular Kidney-on-Chip to Decipher Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Renal Cystic Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624553. [PMID: 34124016 PMCID: PMC8188354 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a major renal pathology provoked by the deletion of PKD1 or PKD2 genes leading to local renal tubule dilation followed by the formation of numerous cysts, ending up with renal failure in adulthood. In vivo, renal tubules are tightly packed, so that dilating tubules and expanding cysts may have mechanical influence on adjacent tubules. To decipher the role of this coupling between adjacent tubules, we developed a kidney-on-chip reproducing parallel networks of tightly packed tubes. This original microdevice is composed of cylindrical hollow tubes of physiological dimensions, parallel and closely packed with 100-200 μm spacing, embedded in a collagen I matrix. These multitubular systems were properly colonized by different types of renal cells with long-term survival, up to 2 months. While no significant tube dilation over time was observed with Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, wild-type mouse proximal tubule (PCT) cells, or with PCT Pkd1 +/- cells (with only one functional Pkd1 allele), we observed a typical 1.5-fold increase in tube diameter with isogenic PCT Pkd1 -/- cells, an ADPKD cellular model. This tube dilation was associated with an increased cell proliferation, as well as a decrease in F-actin stress fibers density along the tube axis. With this kidney-on-chip model, we also observed that for larger tube spacing, PCT Pkd1 -/- tube deformations were not spatially correlated with adjacent tubes whereas for shorter spacing, tube deformations were increased between adjacent tubes. Our device reveals the interplay between tightly packed renal tubes, constituting a pioneering tool well-adapted to further study kidney pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Myram
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Venzac
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Brice Lapin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Aude Battistella
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Cayrac
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Cinquin
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, IPGG Technology Platform, UMS 3750 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charles Cavaniol
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
- Fluigent SA, France
| | - Giacomo Gropplero
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnet
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Demolombe
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Coscoy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
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Yan F, Gao M, Gong Y, Zhang L, Ai N, Zhang J, Chai Y, Wu S, Liu Q, Jiang X, Deng H, Liu W. Proteomic analysis of underlying apoptosis mechanisms of human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells in response to mechanical stretch. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7604-7619. [PMID: 32437028 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated mechanical stretch (MS) could induce the apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, but the related mechanisms remained unclear. This study was to characterize the protein expression profile in RPE cell line ARPE-19 exposed to MS, cytochalasin D (CD; an inhibitor of actin polymerization) or CD + MS at 2-time points (6, 24 hr; n = 3, at each time point) by using proteomics technique. Our data highlighted that compared with control, ECE1 was continuously downregulated in ARPE-19 cells treated by MS or CD + MS from 6 to 24 hr. Function and protein-protein interaction network analyses showed ATAD2 was downregulated in all three treatment groups compared with control, but successive upregulation of RPS13 and RPL7 and downregulation of AHSG were specifically induced by MS. ATAD2 was enriched in cell cycle; AHSG was associated with membrane organization; RPS13 and RPL7 participated in ribosome biogenesis. Furthermore, transcription factor CREB1 that was upregulated in MS group at 24 hr after treatment, may negatively regulate ATAD2. The expressions of all crucial proteins in ARPE-19 cells were confirmed by western blot analysis. Overexpression of ATAD2 and AHSG were also shown to reverse the apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells induced by MS or CD + MS, with significantly decreased apoptotic rates and caspase-3 activities. Accordingly, our findings suggest downregulation of ATAD2 and AHSG may be potential contributors to the apoptosis of RPE cells induced by MS. Overexpression of them may represent underlying preventive and therapeutic strategies for MS-induced retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fancheng Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yiyi Gong
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanping Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Chai
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Huainan, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Farjood F, Ahmadpour A, Ostvar S, Vargis E. Acute mechanical stress in primary porcine RPE cells induces angiogenic factor expression and in vitro angiogenesis. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 32355505 PMCID: PMC7183714 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of blindness in patients with age-related macular degeneration. CNV is characterized by new blood vessel growth and subretinal fluid accumulation, which results in mechanical pressure on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The overexpression of RPE-derived angiogenic factors plays an important role in inducing CNV. In this work, we investigated the effect of mechanical stress on the expression of angiogenic factors in porcine RPE cells and determined the impact of conditioned medium on in-vitro angiogenesis. Results The goal of this study was to determine whether low levels of acute mechanical stress during early CNV can induce the expression of angiogenic factors in RPE cells and accelerate angiogenesis. Using a novel device, acute mechanical stress was applied to primary porcine RPE cells and the resulting changes in the expression of major angiogenic factors, VEGF, ANG2, HIF-1α, IL6, IL8 and TNF-α, were examined using immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. An in vitro tube formation assay was used to determine the effect of secreted angiogenic proteins due to mechanical stress on endothelial tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our results showed an increase in the expression of VEGF, ANG2, IL-6 and IL-8 in response to mechanical stress, resulting in increased in vitro angiogenesis. Abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RPE cells is also associated with CNV and further retinal degeneration. Our qRT-PCR results verified an increase in the expression of EMT genes, CDH2, VIM and FN1, in RPE cells. Conclusions In conclusion, we showed that acute mechanical stress induces the expression of major angiogenic and EMT factors and promotes in vitro angiogenesis, suggesting that mechanical stress plays a role in promoting aberrant angiogenesis in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Farjood
- 1Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.,2Present address: Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA
| | - Amir Ahmadpour
- 1Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.,3Present address: Department of Animal Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918-74934 Iran
| | - Sassan Ostvar
- 4Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Elizabeth Vargis
- 1Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA
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Ahn JY, Datta S, Bandeira E, Cano M, Mallick E, Rai U, Powell B, Tian J, Witwer KW, Handa JT, Paulaitis ME. Release of extracellular vesicle miR-494-3p by ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129598. [PMID: 32240720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial function in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and extracellular vesicle (EV) formation/release are related through the lysosomal and exocytotic pathways that process and eliminate intracellular material, including mitochondrial fragments. We propose that RPE cells with impaired mitochondria will release EVs containing mitochondrial miRNAs that reflect the diminished capacity of mitochondria within these cells. METHODS We screened ARPE-19 cells for miRNAs that localize to the mitochondria, exhibit biological activity, and are present in EVs released by both untreated cells and cells treated with rotenone to induce mitochondrial injury. EVs were characterized by vesicle size, size distribution, presence of EV biomarkers: CD81, CD63, and syntenin-1, miRNA cargo, and number concentration of EVs released per cell. RESULTS We found that miR-494-3p was enriched in ARPE-19 mitochondria. Knockdown of miR-494-3p in ARPE-19 cells decreased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased basal oxygen consumption rate and maximal respiratory capacity. Increased number of EVs released per cell and elevated levels of miR-494-3p in EVs released from ARPE-19 cells treated with rotenone were also measured. CONCLUSIONS ARPE-19 mitochondrial function is regulated by miR-494-3p. Elevated levels of miR-494-3p in EVs released by ARPE-19 cells indicate diminished capacity of the mitochondria within these cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE EV miR-494-3p is a potential biomarker for RPE mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a central role in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and may be a diagnostic biomarker for monitoring the spread of degeneration to neighboring RPE cells in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Ahn
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - S Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - E Bandeira
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - M Cano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - E Mallick
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - U Rai
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - B Powell
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - J Tian
- Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - K W Witwer
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - J T Handa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - M E Paulaitis
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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Simvastatin Mitigates Apoptosis and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Upregulation in Stretch-Induced Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6026051. [PMID: 31934265 PMCID: PMC6942893 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6026051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Portal hypertension is a common clinical symptom of digestive disorders. With an increase in portal pressure, the portal vein will continue to dilate. We aimed to determine whether continuous stretch induced by portal hypertension may impair the function of endothelial cells (ECs) in the portal vein and aggravate the progress of portal hypertension and explore its mechanism. ECs were cultured on an elastic silicone membrane and subjected to continuous uniaxial stretch. Apoptosis and expression of TGF-β in ECs under stretch were measured. We found that sustained stretch induced the apoptosis of ECs in a stretch length-dependent manner. Compared with the control, continuous stretch increased the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and damaged the mitochondria, resulting in an evident increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; pretreatment with gp91ds-tat or MitoTEMPO decreased the ROS level in the intracellular levels. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) treatment before stretch not only reduced ROS levels but also mitigated the apoptosis of ECs; simvastatin had similar effects through targeting NOX2 and mitochondria. During the stretch, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was obviously increased; pretreatment with P38MAPK or JNK inhibitors decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB and TGF-β expression. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment before stretch also reduced TGF-β expression. After pretreatment with NAC, the phosphorylation of P38MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB and TGF-β expressions in ECs under stretch was suppressed; similar results were observed in simvastatin-treated ECs. This study demonstrated that simvastatin could mitigate EC apoptosis and TGF-β upregulation induced by continuous stretch by reducing the level of ROS.
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The Cytoskeleton of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: from Normal Aging to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143578. [PMID: 31336621 PMCID: PMC6678077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a unique epithelium, with major roles which are essential in the visual cycle and homeostasis of the outer retina. The RPE is a monolayer of polygonal and pigmented cells strategically placed between the neuroretina and Bruch membrane, adjacent to the fenestrated capillaries of the choriocapillaris. It shows strong apical (towards photoreceptors) to basal/basolateral (towards Bruch membrane) polarization. Multiple functions are bound to a complex structure of highly organized and polarized intracellular components: the cytoskeleton. A strong connection between the intracellular cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix is indispensable to maintaining the function of the RPE and thus, the photoreceptors. Impairments of these intracellular structures and the regular architecture they maintain often result in a disrupted cytoskeleton, which can be found in many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review article will give an overview of current knowledge on the molecules and proteins involved in cytoskeleton formation in cells, including RPE and how the cytoskeleton is affected under stress conditions—especially in AMD.
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Liang X, Wang Z, Gao M, Wu S, Zhang J, Liu Q, Yu Y, Wang J, Liu W. Cyclic stretch induced oxidative stress by mitochondrial and NADPH oxidase in retinal pigment epithelial cells. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:79. [PMID: 30885167 PMCID: PMC6421648 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) has been reported to associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Understanding the mechanisms underlying cyclic stretch induced in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) may be important for the treatment of VMA-related AMD. Method Cyclic stretch (1HZ, 20% elongation) was applied to cultured ARPE-19 cells for 15 min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h by flexcell FX-5000 Tension system. Total reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using DCFH-DA. Mitochondrial superoxide were detected using MitoSOX Red mitochondrial superoxide indicator. NADPH oxidases (NOX) and signaling pathways, such as p38 and PKC, were detected using western blot. Apocycin (Apo) were used as NOX inhibitors. Result High levels of total ROS were detected from 15 min to 24 h, whereas mitochondrial superoxide were higher only in early time. NOX2 were significantly increased at 24 h. NOX4 were significantly increased at 2 h and reach its peak at 24 h. P-p38 was significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h. P-PKC was significantly increased at 15 min and kept a persistent high level. The upregulated expression of NOX4 by cyclic stretch can be significantly decreased under p-PKC inhibitor other than p-p38 inhibitor. Conclusion Cyclic stretch induce oxidative stress from both mitochodrial and NADPH oxidase in RPE cells, which may prompt oxidative damage in VMA-related AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xida Liang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zengyi Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanping Yu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Farjood F, Vargis E. Novel devices for studying acute and chronic mechanical stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3413-3424. [PMID: 30328441 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00659h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of blindness in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic protein, by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a key stimulator of CNV. Mechanical stress occurs during different stages of AMD and is a possible inducer of VEGF expression in RPE cells. However, robust and realistic approaches to studying acute and chronic mechanical stress under various AMD stages do not exist. The majority of previous work has studied cyclic stretching of RPE cells grown on flexible substrates, but an ideal model must be able to mimic localized and continuous stretching of the RPE as would occur in AMD in vivo. To bridge this gap, we developed two in vitro devices to model chronic and acute mechanical stress on RPE cells during different stages of AMD. In one device, high levels of continuous mechanical stress were applied to focal regions of the RPE monolayer by stretching the underlying silicon substrate to study the role of chronic mechanical stimulation. In the second device, RPE cells were grown on porous plastic substrates and acute stress was studied by stretching small areas. Using these devices, we studied the effect of mechanical stress on VEGF expression in RPE cells. Our results suggest that mechanical stress in RPE cells induces VEGF expression and promotes in vitro angiogenesis. These results confirm the hypothesis that mechanical stress is involved in the initiation and progression of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Farjood
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Luo X, Gu S, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Kinsenoside Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced RPE Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Angiogenesis via Erk/p38/NF-κB/VEGF Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:240. [PMID: 29615910 PMCID: PMC5870051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological superoxidative condition that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells experience contributed to the advancement of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which was accompanied by significant neovascularization. Therefore, the discovery of novel pharmacological candidates to ameliorate oxidative damage (H2O2) against RPE cells and inhibit the following angiogenesis simultaneously is urgently needed. Herein, we found that kinsenoside (Kin), an active component derived from Anoectochilus roxburghii, was able to protect RPE cells effectively and attenuate subsequent angiogenesis. In this study, H2O2-induced oxidative injury reduced RPE cell viability and increased cell apoptosis, which was significantly rescued by the treatment with Kin. Compared with H2O2 alone, Kin decreased the levels of Bax and increased the production of Bcl-2 in RPE cells. H2O2-stimulated VEGF up-regulation was inhibited by Kin treatment. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) neovascularization induced by conditioned medium (CM) from H2O2-stimulated RPE cells was attenuated by treatment with Kin, VEGF antagonist, NF-κB, Erk-MAPK, and p38-MAPK inhibitors. Additionally, H2O2-activated phosphorylated expression of IκBα, p65, Erk, and p38 in RPE cells was inhibited by treatment with Kin. Taken together, Kin protected RPE from apoptosis against oxidative stress while simultaneously decreasing apoptosis-related neovascularization. This could be ascribed to the inhibition of Erk/p38/NF-κB signaling by Kin that contributed to the resulting decreased VEGF expression in H2O2-treated RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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