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Moon Y, Kim SM, Jung JH. Comparison of macular changes according to the etiology of optic neuritis: a cross-sectional study. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:686-692. [PMID: 38638247 PMCID: PMC10988078 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the macular structure including foveal thickness among patients with optic neuritis (ON) according to the etiology and to investigate the possible correlation between structural and visual outcomes. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the clinical data of patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-related ON (AQP4 group, 40 eyes), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-related ON (MOG group, 31 eyes), and multiple sclerosis-related ON (MS group, 24 eyes) were obtained. The retinal thickness of the foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal regions were measured. Visual acuity (VA), visual field index and mean deviation were measured as visual outcomes. RESULTS The AQP4 group showed a significantly thinner fovea (226.4±13.4 µm) relative to the MOG (236.8±14.0 µm, P=0.015) and MS (238.9±14.3 µm, P=0.007) groups. The thickness in the parafoveal area also was thinner in the AQP4 group, though the difference in perifoveal retinal thickness was not significant. Foveal thickness was correlated with VA in the AQP4 group (coefficient ρ=-0.418, P=0.014), but not in the MOG and MS groups (P=0.218 and P=0.138, respectively). There was no significant correlation between foveal thickness and visual field test in all three groups. CONCLUSION The significant thinning in the fovea and parafoveal areas in the AQP4 group compared to the MOG and MS groups are found. Additionally, macular changes in AQP4-ON show a significant correlation with VA. The results provide the possibility that retinal structural damage could reflect functional damage in AQP4-ON, distinct from MOG-ON and MS-ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ayaki M, Kuze M, Negishi K. Association of eye strain with dry eye and retinal thickness. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293320. [PMID: 37862343 PMCID: PMC10588844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this cohort study was to investigate the association between the prevalence of abnormal ocular examination results and the common visual symptoms of eye strain, blurred vision and photophobia. METHODS Consecutive first-visit outpatients with best-corrected visual acuity better than 20/30 in both eyes were enrolled and those with a history of intra-ocular lens implantation and glaucoma were excluded. Dry eye-related examinations and retinal thickness measurement were conducted. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated with logistic regression analyses of ocular data in relation to the presence of visual symptoms. RESULTS A total of 6078 patients (3920 women, mean age 49.0 ± 20.4 years) were analyzed. The prevalence of each symptom was 31.8% for eye strain, 22.5% for blurred vision and 16.0% for photophobia. A significant risk factor for eye strain was short tear break-up time (TBUT) (OR 1.88), superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) (OR 1.44), and thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC) (OR 1.30). Risk factors for blurred vision were short TBUT (OR 1.85), SPK (OR 1.24) and GCC (OR 0.59). Risk factors for photophobia were short TBUT (OR 1.77) and SPK (OR 1.32). Schirmer test value, peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and full macular thickness were not associated with the tested symptoms. CONCLUSION The current study successfully identified female gender, short TBUT, and SPK as significant risk factors for eye strain, blurred vision, and photophobia with considerable ORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Otake Eye Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Svetozarskiy SN, Kopishinskaya SV, Ruina EA, Antipenko EA. [Clinical phenotypes of optic nerve damage in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:61-67. [PMID: 37067933 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313902161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) comprise a group of autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system that manifest as optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Its manifestation in the form of optic neuritis makes early diagnosis difficult because neuroimaging of the spinal cord is not a part of the routine examination algorithm for such patients. This article presents the results of a comprehensive ophthalmological examination of 4 patients (8 eyes) diagnosed with NMSOD. Optic neuritis was the disease debut in 3 patients and had 1-2 relapses, in all cases partial optic atrophy with moderate to severe loss of visual function occurred. The clinical picture was characterized by a pronounced heterogeneity in terms of both ophthalmological symptoms, and accession of neurological disorders. Treatment of NMOSD requires differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis, which depends on the awareness of specialists and the inclusion of antibody titers to aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein into the examination algorithm of patients with optical neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Svetozarskiy
- Volga Regional Medical Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - E A Ruina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E A Antipenko
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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4
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Liang J, Zhang Y, Liu K, Xu X, Zhao X, Qiu W, Zhang X, Yang H. Comparing evolvement of visual field defect in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-optic neuritis and idiopathic optic neuritis: a prospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:338. [PMID: 35945524 PMCID: PMC9361552 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the evolvement of visual field (VF) defect in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) and idiopathic optic neuritis (IDON). Methods This prospective study involved 104 optic neuritis (ON) patients followed up for ≥ 6 months (33 patients with NMOSD-ON and 71 patients with IDON). The pattern and recovery pattern of VF defect, mean defect (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) of VF, as well as BCVA at onset, 1 month (1 m), 3 months (3 m), and ≥ 6 months (6 m) after onset were compared between two groups. Analysis of these indicators in first episode patients was also done. Results Diffuse abnormalities and nerve fiber bundle abnormalities were the two most common patterns in both groups. The percentage of neurologic abnormality of VF defect in NMOSD-ON was higher than that of IDON. Compared with the IDON group, the MD and PSD of NMOSD-ON group were significantly worse at each follow-up. While a positive correlation in BCVA was found between 1 m and ≥ 6 m in the NMOSD-ON group only, a positive correlation was found between 1 m and ≥ 6 m in MD and PSD of both groups. A positive correlation was found between 3 m and ≥ 6 m in MD, PSD and BCVA of both groups. The quadrant recovery pattern was the most common pattern in both groups (57.1% in NMOSD-ON and 57.4% in IDON). The analysis of the first episode subgroup further confirmed the observation above. Conclusions The NMOSD-ON patients tended to suffer more severe VF damage, VF irregularity and worse prognosis than that of IDON patients. Diffuse abnormalities and nerve fiber bundle abnormalities were the two most common types in both groups, while neurologic abnormality more common in NMOSD-ON and central scotoma more common in IDON. The visual functions of 1 m in NMOSD-ON and 3 m in IDON were related to its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kaiqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Fu J, Wang Y, Li H, Zhou H, Song H, Sun M, Xu Q, Tan S, Wei S. Efficacy of Plasma Exchange Treatment for Demyelinating Optic Neuritis Associated with Various Serum Antibodies: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:797-813. [PMID: 35397098 PMCID: PMC9095770 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the value of plasma exchange (PE) for patients with three subtypes of demyelinating optic neuritis (ON): aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive ON (AQP4-ON), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-positive ON (MOG-ON), and AQP4 and MOG double-antibody-seronegative ON (D-ON). METHODS A single-center prospective study compared the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at most severe onset, 1 day before intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone (IVMP) treatment, 1 day before PE treatment, after five-cycles of PE therapy, and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits. The proportions of eyes in each visual outcome category were also compared. Logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic curve were used to analyze predicted factors for VA improvement. RESULTS A total of 124 ON attacks of 122 patients were included. No significant differences were found in BCVA (P = 0.659) before and after PE therapy for 22 D-ON attacks, but VA improved in two of six MOG-ON patients. In 95 AQP4-ON patients suffering 96 attacks, the mean logMAR BCVA markedly improved and was steadily maintained after five-cycles of PE treatments (adjusted P < 0.001), with VA exhibiting a significantly increasing trend (adjusted P = 0.001) after PE treatment. The combination of the number of previous ON episodes and the time window to PE treatment showed accuracy of 74.7% for predicting an improvement in BCVA score ≥ 2 levels. In addition, a combination of logMAR VA before PE and the time window to PE treatment resulted in 83.4% accuracy in predicting whether VA would regain 1.0 logMAR. CONCLUSION PE therapy effectively improves visual outcomes for AQP4-ON patients, but offers limited value for D-ON patients. Early initiation greatly increases likelihood of achieving VA improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Fu
- The Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Wang
- The Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongen Li
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huanfen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honglu Song
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The 980th Hospital of the Chinese PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quangang Xu
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoying Tan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Center for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shihui Wei
- The Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Aslan F, Tuğba-Çimşir M, Özdemir-Öktem E. INFLUENCE OF PREGNANCY ON NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA FROM AN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW. A CASE REPORT. CESKA A SLOVENSKA OFTALMOLOGIE : CASOPIS CESKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2022; 78:31-34. [PMID: 35300501 DOI: 10.31348/2022/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO, Devics disease) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, leading to optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The clinical course of the disease and ocular changes in pregnancy are still not well known. Here we present the subclinical ophthalmological changes which were evaluated by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during the 39 weeks gestation and postpartum period in a pregnant woman with a diagnosis of NMO. In addition, we present the obstetric and neurological course of our patient and review the literature. A 30-year-old female with a history of NMO was ophthalmologically examined and SD-OCT was performed periodically every trimester to observe the effects of pregnancy on the disease course. No ophthalmological changes were observed during the pregnancy and postpartum period. Caesarean delivery was preferred due to obstetric indication. The patient was discharged on the second day of the postpartum period.
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7
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Fu J, Tan S, Peng C, Zhou H, Wei S. A comparative study of alteration in retinal layer segmentation alteration by SD-OCT in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021; 1:100007. [PMID: 37846392 PMCID: PMC10577872 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the feature of different retinal layer segmentation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare it with that in multiple sclerosis (MS), healthy controls (HC), and idiopathic optic neuritis (ION). Methods We retrieved four electronic databases, including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to September 1st, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to compare different retinal layer segmentation thicknesses between patients with or without a history of optic neuritis (ON) in NMOSD and the control group, including patients with MS, HC, and ION. Results Forty-two studies were included and the interval between the last ON onset and examination was greater than 3 months. Compared with that in HC eyes, the loss of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) was serious in NMOSD eye especially after ON. Moreover, compared with that in ION eyes or MS-related-ON eyes, the injury to the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) was severe in NMOSD-related-ON eyes. In addition, the correlation coefficient between pRNFL and prognostic visual acuity was 0.43. However, the one-arm study revealed the inner nuclear layer (INL) was thickened in NMOSD-related-ON eyes compared with HC eyes. Conclusions Inclusion of the RNFL and macular GC-IPL is recommended for monitoring disease progression and attention should be paid to changes in the INL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital & the Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoying Tan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunxia Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huanfen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital & the Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital & the Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease that causes optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Attacks can cause severe neurological damage leading to blindness and paralysis. Understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this disease has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment. In the past 18 months, three successful phase 3 clinical trials have been published using targeted approaches to preventing relapses. RECENT FINDINGS Updates in epidemiology, imaging, quality of life and treatment for acute relapse and prevention have been published in the past 18 months. Epidemiology studies are distinguishing patients based on their antigen specificity for aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, which are increasingly recognized as separate immunological conditions. Imaging by MRI and optical coherence tomography continue to be developed as tools to distinguish neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) from other diseases. This is especially relevant as the recent clinical trials showed differences in response between aquaporin-4 seropositive and seronegative patients. The three drugs that were tested for prevention of NMOSD relapses were eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab. All of the trials were worldwide, placebo-controlled, double-masked studies that demonstrated a clear benefit with each approach. SUMMARY Recent research in NMOSD has resulted in improved diagnosis and approved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Holroyd
- Harvard BWH Mass General Residency Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanna Manzano
- Harvard BWH Mass General Residency Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Filippatou AG, Mukharesh L, Saidha S, Calabresi PA, Sotirchos ES. AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG Related Optic Neuritis-Prevalence, Optical Coherence Tomography Findings, and Visual Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:540156. [PMID: 33132999 PMCID: PMC7578376 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.540156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a cardinal manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG-associated disease. However, the prevalence of AQP4-IgG seropositivity and MOG-IgG seropositivity in isolated ON is unclear, and studies comparing visual outcomes and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived structural retinal measures between MS-ON, AQP4-ON, and MOG-ON eyes are limited by small sample sizes. Objectives: (1) To assess the prevalence of AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG seropositivity among patients presenting with isolated ON; (2) to compare visual outcomes and OCT measures between AQP4-ON, MOG-ON, and MS-ON eyes. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 65 eligible studies were identified by PubMed search. Statistical analyses were performed with random effects models. Results: In adults with isolated ON, AQP4-IgG seroprevalence was 4% in non-Asian and 27% in Asian populations, whereas MOG-IgG seroprevalence was 8 and 20%, respectively. In children, AQP4-IgG seroprevalence was 0.4% in non-Asian and 15% in Asian populations, whereas MOG-IgG seroprevalence was 47 and 31%, respectively. AQP4-ON eyes had lower peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL; -11.7 μm, 95% CI: -15.2 to -8.3 μm) and macular ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL; -9.0 μm, 95% CI: -12.5 to -5.4 μm) thicknesses compared with MS-ON eyes. Similarly, pRNFL (-11.2 μm, 95% CI: -21.5 to -0.9 μm) and GCIPL (-6.1 μm, 95% CI: -10.8 to -1.3 μm) thicknesses were lower in MOG-ON compared to MS-ON eyes, but did not differ between AQP4-ON and MOG-ON eyes (pRNFL: -1.9 μm, 95% CI: -9.1 to 5.4 μm; GCIPL: -2.6 μm, 95% CI: -8.9 to 3.8 μm). Visual outcomes were worse in AQP4-ON compared to both MOG-ON (mean logMAR difference: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.81) and MS-ON eyes (mean logMAR difference: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.96) but were similar in MOG-ON and MS-ON eyes (mean logMAR difference: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.14). Conclusions: AQP4-IgG- and MOG-IgG-associated disease are important diagnostic considerations in adults presenting with isolated ON, especially in Asian populations. Furthermore, MOG-IgG seroprevalence is especially high in pediatric isolated ON, in both non-Asian and Asian populations. Despite a similar severity of GCIPL and pRNFL thinning in AQP4-ON and MOG-ON, AQP4-ON is associated with markedly worse visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki G Filippatou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Loulwah Mukharesh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shiv Saidha
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elias S Sotirchos
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Yap TE, Balendra SI, Almonte MT, Cordeiro MF. Retinal correlates of neurological disorders. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319882205. [PMID: 31832125 PMCID: PMC6887800 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319882205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the retina as an extension of the brain provides a platform from which to study diseases of the nervous system. Taking advantage of the clear optical media of the eye and ever-increasing resolution of modern imaging techniques, retinal morphology can now be visualized at a cellular level in vivo. This has provided a multitude of possible biomarkers and investigative surrogates that may be used to identify, monitor and study diseases until now limited to the brain. In many neurodegenerative conditions, early diagnosis is often very challenging due to the lack of tests with high sensitivity and specificity, but, once made, opens the door to patients accessing the correct treatment that can potentially improve functional outcomes. Using retinal biomarkers in vivo as an additional diagnostic tool may help overcome the need for invasive tests and histological specimens, and offers the opportunity to longitudinally monitor individuals over time. This review aims to summarise retinal biomarkers associated with a range of neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and prion diseases from a clinical perspective. By comparing their similarities and differences according to primary pathological processes, we hope to show how retinal correlates can aid clinical decisions, and accelerate the study of this rapidly developing area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E. Yap
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, UK
| | - Shiama I. Balendra
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Melanie T. Almonte
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, UK
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, NW1 5QH, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College, London, NW1 5QH, UK
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11–43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
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