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Temlali TY, Lust J, Klaperski-van der Wal S, Steenbergen B. The effectiveness of exergames in improving physical activity behaviour and physical literacy domains in adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and cerebral palsy: A scoping review. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13293. [PMID: 38953549 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are physically inactive. Physical literacy has been described as an important determinant in promoting health behaviours. The potential of exergames to improve physical literacy and activity has been recognized in typically developing children. The aim of the present scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence of this potential for adolescents with DCD. METHODS A scoping review was performed via a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC and CINHAIL. RESULTS From 2860 search records, six studies (two studies in DCD and four studies in cerebral palsy [CP]) assessed physical activity, 12 studies discussed exergame features and 16 studies assessed physical literacy domains. In DCD, one study showed positive effects of exergaming on physical activity and the other failed to show any significant effects of exergaming. In CP, all four studies demonstrated positive effects of exergaming on energy expenditure and daily physical activity. Furthermore, positive effects of exergames on the different physical literacy domains were shown, namely motor competence, self-concept and affect, motivation and social/experiential. Finally, exergame features including multiplayer modes, realism, game rewards, challenges and enjoyment were shown to have a significant effect on motivating and encouraging adolescents to exert more effort while playing. CONCLUSION Based on the positive effects of exergaming on physical activity in other populations, more in-depth research in adolescents with DCD is warranted such that the decline in physical activity behaviour that is present in individuals with DCD can be counteracted. Physical literacy should be regarded as an important determinant in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Lust
- Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bert Steenbergen
- Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Draghi TTG, Smits-Engelsman B, Godoi-Jacomassi D, Cavalcante Neto JL, Jelsma D, Tudella E. Short- and Long-Term Changes in Balance After Active Video Game Training in Children With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Motor Control 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38290498 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2023-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Active video games (AVG) have been used as training tools and are known to ameliorate balance performance in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Our aim was to evaluate balance using clinical tests and by measuring body sway using a force plate with a mixed design of vision (eyes open/eyes closed), surface (rigid/soft), and support (stance/semitandem) before, and after, training and 4 months later (follow-up). Thirty-six DCD children and 40 typically developing children participated in the study, of which 50 children (26 DCD; 24 typically developing) were retested after 4 months. Balance improved on the clinical measures after the training, which was independent of type of AVG (Wii-Fit and Xbox Kinect) used, and this effect was still present after 4 months. The AVG training did not influence general sway behavior, but only sway in the eyes-open condition, corresponding with task demands of the training and indicating a training-specific effect. Overall, DCD children and typically developing children responded comparably to the AVG training, thereby maintaining the gap in performance between the two groups. The changes in postural sway are interpreted as a sign of more confidence and less freezing of the joints, enabling greater flexibility of movements and balance strategies as supported by the improved performance on balance tests in the DCD children. This is the first study that showed long-term effects of AVG training on balance performance. However, these follow-up results should be interpreted with caution given that 35% of the children were lost in follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Targino Gomes Draghi
- Núcleo de Estudos em Neuropediatria e Motricidade-NENEM, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Daniela Godoi-Jacomassi
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dorothee Jelsma
- Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eloisa Tudella
- Núcleo de Estudos em Neuropediatria e Motricidade-NENEM, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Jelsma LD, Cavalcante Neto JL, Smits-Engelsman B, Targino Gomes Draghi T, Araújo Rohr L, Tudella E. Type of active video-games training does not impact the effect on balance and agility in children with and without developmental coordination disorder: A randomized comparator-controlled trial. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2023; 12:64-73. [PMID: 35098823 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of the Nintendo Wii-Fit and Xbox Kinect on motor performance and to assess differential effects in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and typical development (TD). METHOD In an assessor-blinded randomized comparator-controlled design, 68 participants (34 DCD and 34 TD) aged 7-10 years, were randomly assigned to train on one of two devices (34 Wii-Fit; 34 Xbox Kinect). RESULTS Repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of time on balance and agility variables (MABC-2, Wii Yoga stance, PERF-FIT side-hop, PERF-FIT ladder-stepping; all p ≤ 0.02), but not on running variables (BOT2-sprint, 10 × 5 m sprint and PERF-FIT ladder running; p > 0.05). No significant interactions were observed, indicating similar changes on both devices. Overall, 35% of the TD children and 76% of the children with DCD improved on one or more of the outcomes beyond the smallest detectable difference. However, at the individual level, larger differences in improvement were found in the Kinect group compared to the Wii between TD and DCD groups. CONCLUSION Both Wii-Fit and Kinect devices can be used to train with similar results on motor performance. An important percentage (76%) of children with DCD improved on at least one motor task after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemke Dorothee Jelsma
- Developmental and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Liz Araújo Rohr
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Tudella
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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Smits-Engelsman B, Verbecque E. Pediatric care for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder, can we do better? Biomed J 2021; 45:250-264. [PMID: 34482014 PMCID: PMC9250084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper adopts a method of narrative critical review based on a non-systematic search of the literature to provide insights into the trends of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) treatment and to point out some future alternative approaches to prevent secondary health implications in children with DCD. The cause of DCD is unknown, but evidence suggests that these children have atypical brain structure and function. Interventions to help children cope with their activity limitations are effective in improving motor competence and motor skill related fitness in the short term. Although activity-orientated interventions can improve motor outcomes in children with DCD, high quality intervention trials and evaluation of long-term effects are urgently needed. Importantly, motor coordination problems associated with DCD extend to exercise-related activities leading to reduced participation in play and sports, which causes secondary problems in muscular fitness and body composition. Hence, treatment goals should not be limited to the improvement of motor skills (in ADL), but should also focus on health-related quality of life. We therefore propose when noticing motor problems in a child, already before enrolling but also during intervention, to explore ways to adapt everyday physical activities to optimally match the child's skill level. Hence, such activities will not only train the skills and improve physical fitness but will lead to positive engagement, thereby preventing the child from opting out of active play and sports. This provides the child with chances for exercise-dependent learning and will also positively impact social-emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University, Cape Town, South Africa; Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Hasselt University, Belgium, Agoralaan Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Smits-Engelsman B, Bonney E, Ferguson G. Effects of Graded Exergames on Fitness Performance in Elementary School Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:653851. [PMID: 33969297 PMCID: PMC8100245 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.653851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common childhood disorder affecting movement and coordination skills, fitness, and academic performance. Increased physical fitness may have a positive influence on physical and mental health outcomes in children with DCD. Yet, little has been done to develop interventions to improve fitness performance in this group. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of graded exergames in 7 to 12-year-old children with DCD and typically developing (TD) peers. Participants (32 DCD and 28 TD children) received a 30-min training session twice weekly for 10 weeks. Performance on motor coordination (MABC-2 test), balance, aerobic, and anaerobic fitness tests were assessed at the beginning and end of training. In addition, enjoyment and perception of exertion were measured for each participant during the training period. Both children with DCD and TD children significantly improved on motor coordination, balance, aerobic, and anaerobic fitness at the end of the training. A significant Group by Time interaction was observed on the MABC-2 total [F (1, 55) = 13.19; p < 0.001] and balance scores [F (1, 55) = 26.83; p < 0.0001], with the DCD group demonstrating larger improvements than the TD children. Both groups enjoyed the program throughout the training period even though they rated the training to be of high intensity. These findings indicate that graded exergames may serve as potential treatment for impaired fitness in children with DCD. Regular participation in graded exergames in school settings may be needed to enhance and maintain fitness performance in young children with and without DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Bonney
- Elison Laboratory for Developmental Brain and Behavior Research, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gillian Ferguson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Aertssen W, Jelsma D, Smits-Engelsman B. Field-Based Tests of Strength and Anaerobic Capacity Used in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review. Phys Ther 2020; 100:1825-1851. [PMID: 32949239 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are reported to have lower levels of strength and anaerobic capacity. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify field-based tests for strength and anaerobic capacity used in studies comparing children with DCD and children who were typically developing (TD), (2) examine the methodological quality of studies reporting psychometric properties and rate the psychometric properties of the examined test, and (3) summarize available evidence by combining the methodological quality of the studies and the quality of the psychometric properties of the test. METHODS An electronic search was conducted in July 2019 in 4 electronic databases. For purpose 1, primary studies were included with no exclusion of study design in which children aged 4 to 18 years with DCD were compared with children who were TD on strength and/or anaerobic capacity measures. For purpose 2, primary studies were included with no exclusion of study design in which a psychometric property was investigated. The Consensus-Based Standards for Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the 34 studies and rate the psychometric properties of the tests used. RESULTS Hand-held dynamometer, bent knee push-up, vertical jump, standing long-jump, functional strength measurement, fitness test, and test battery can be recommended for TD, and the shuttle run item of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition and 10 m × 5 m sprints (straight and slalom) can be recommended for DCD. CONCLUSION Information regarding psychometric properties of field-based tests for strength and anaerobic capacity in children with DCD is lacking. IMPACT Information about the psychometric properties of field-based tests for strength and anaerobic capacity in children with DCD is lacking. More information is available on TD children, but it is also not complete; information regarding validity and responsiveness, especially, is missing. When using measures in children with DCD, it is important to keep in mind this lack of evidence for the validity and reliability of the outcomes for this target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Aertssen
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Professionals, Claudius Prinsenlaan 140, Breda, 4818 CP, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Jelsma
- Developmental and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 activity-based motor interventions among female adolescents who are overweight and obese. METHODS This study was conducted in a low-income community of Cape Town, South Africa. The study involved 52 participants classified as overweight and obese. Participants were randomly assigned to task-oriented functional training or Wii Fit intervention. Both interventions were 45 minutes of active training once a week for 14 weeks. Outcome measures included aerobic fitness, motor coordination, and self-efficacy. Data were collected before and after the interventions. RESULTS Participants in both groups demonstrated significant improvement in aerobic fitness and motor coordination but not self-efficacy. However, no between-group differences were observed on any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Activity-based interventions may improve aerobic fitness and motor coordination in female adolescents who are overweight and obese and may also help prevent declines in physical fitness and coordination in this population.
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Mentiplay BF, FitzGerald TL, Clark RA, Bower KJ, Denehy L, Spittle AJ. Do video game interventions improve motor outcomes in children with developmental coordination disorder? A systematic review using the ICF framework. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:22. [PMID: 30651097 PMCID: PMC6335818 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) experience a range of difficulties that can potentially limit their academic, social and physical ability. Recent research has developed interventions that aim to improve motor outcomes in a variety of paediatric cohorts using video gaming equipment. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the literature on virtual reality or video game interventions that aim to improve motor outcomes in children with DCD. Methods Seven databases were searched for studies using the following criteria: a) virtual reality or video game based intervention; b) children with DCD; and c) motor outcomes relating to body structure and function, activity or participation. Data were extracted relating to study design, participant characteristics, details of the intervention, outcome measures, results, and feasibility/adherence. Results Fifteen articles were included for review, including eight randomised controlled trials. No studies used virtual reality equipment, with all interventions using video games (Nintendo Wii in 12/15 articles). Mixed effects of video game intervention on outcome were found, with conflicting evidence across studies. Studies that reported on feasibility found most children enjoyed and adhered to the video game interventions. Conclusions This review found limited evidence for the effectiveness of video game interventions for children with DCD to improve motor outcomes due to limitations in the research including low sample sizes and low to moderate methodological quality. Further research is needed to determine the effect of video game or virtual reality interventions on motor outcomes in children with DCD. Protocol registration The protocol for this systematic review can be found on PROSPERO (CRD42017064427). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1381-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Mentiplay
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tara L FitzGerald
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ross A Clark
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Kelly J Bower
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Denehy
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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