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Shashi KK, Weldon CB, Voss SD. Positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and management of primary pediatric lung tumors. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:671-683. [PMID: 38231400 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Primary pediatric lung tumors are uncommon and have many overlapping clinical and imaging features. In contrast to adult lung tumors, these rare pediatric neoplasms have a relatively broad histologic spectrum. Informed by a single-institution 13-year retrospective record review, we present an overview of the most common primary pediatric lung neoplasms, with a focus on the role of positron emission tomography (PET), specifically 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET, in the management of primary pediatric lung tumors. In addition to characteristic conventional radiographic and cross-sectional imaging findings, knowledge of patient age, underlying cancer predisposition syndromes, and PET imaging features may help narrow the differential. While metastases from other primary malignancies remain the most commonly encountered pediatric lung malignancy, the examples presented in this pictorial essay highlight many of the important conventional radiologic and PET imaging features of primary pediatric lung malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar K Shashi
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, 1 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Christopher B Weldon
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephan D Voss
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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2
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Wallace MW, Niec JA, Ghani MOA, McKay KG, Idrees K, Liang J, Borinstein SC, Lovvorn HN. Distribution and Surgical Management of Visceral Ewing Sarcoma Among Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1727-1735. [PMID: 36774201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a highly malignant tumor of bone and soft tissue that occasionally arises from viscera. Visceral EWS (V-EWS) is challenging to manage given its varied organ distribution and often late-stage presentation. We aimed to characterize our institutional experience with V-EWS, focusing on its surgical management, and to compare V-EWS outcomes against those with osseous (O-EWS) and soft tissue EWS (ST-EWS). METHODS Retrospective review of all EWS patients ≤21 years presenting to a single institution between 2000 and 2022. Patient- and disease-specific characteristics were compared. Overall and relapse-free survival were estimated using Kaplan Meier methods and log-rank test. RESULTS 156 EWS patients were identified: 117 O-EWS, 20 ST-EWS, and 19 V-EWS. V-EWS arose in the kidney (n = 5), lung (n = 5), intestine (n = 2), esophagus (n = 1), liver (n = 1), pancreas (n = 1), adrenal gland (n = 1), vagina (n = 1), brain (n = 1), and spinal cord (n = 1). No significant demographic differences were detected between EWS groups. V-EWS was more frequently metastatic at presentation (63.2%; p = 0.005), yet no significant overall or relapse-free survival differences emerged between EWS groups, with similar follow-up intervals. While V-EWS required multiple unique operative strategies to gain primary control, no significant difference in treatment strategies appeared between groups. Surgery-only primary control was associated with improved overall and relapse-free survival in all groups. CONCLUSIONS V-EWS presents unique management challenges in children and adolescents given its variable sites of origin. This large cohort is the first to describe the surgical management and outcomes of V-EWS, demonstrating more frequent metastatic presentation, while achieving similar survival across groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2 - Cohort Study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan A Niec
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Katlyn G McKay
- Department of General Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kamran Idrees
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jiancong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott C Borinstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harold N Lovvorn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
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Li X, Qi S, Zhu T, Jiang Y, Wang W. Primary mediastinum Ewing's sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220669. [PMID: 37554964 PMCID: PMC10404896 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive cancer in young adults. Primary ES occurring in the chest with pleural effusion is even rarer. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with intermittent chest pain occurring for more than 2 months and cough and wheezing for 10 days. Radiological imaging showed a large soft tissue mass with multiple small vessel shadows near the left mediastinum and bloody pleural effusion in the left thorax. ES was diagnosed by positive immunostaining for CD99, FLI-1, and NKX2 combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of the EWSR1 gene arrangement. With chemotherapy, lung computed tomography revealed that the tumor had become much smaller, and the fluid was absorbed. We report a case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) in the mediastinum with pleural effusion, which is unusual and challenging. EES is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Shan Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Taiwen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, China
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Ioannidou M, Tsotridou E, Samoladas E, Tragiannidis A, Kouskouras K, Sfougaris D, Spyridakis I, Foroulis C, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Hatzipantelis E. Unusual Manifestation of Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma: Report of 3 Cases. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 25:77-81. [PMID: 37265973 PMCID: PMC10230840 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES), described as a diffuse endothelioma of the bone, is divided into two categories: osseous and extraosseous, which mainly affects adolescents. Extraosseous Ewing Sarcomas (EES) are rare tumors originating from soft tissues. Their clinical presentation depends mainly on the primary location of the tumor and are highly chemosensitive and radiosensitive. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 3 children with EES and uncommon presentation treated in our Unit. The diagnosis of EES was confirmed by biopsy and cytogenetic analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Surgical excision was planned as primary treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy according to EURO-E.W.I.N.G protocol. To date, all patients are alive, 1, 3 and 4 years after completion of treatment, with no signs of recurrence or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ioannidou
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Tsotridou
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Samoladas
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Tragiannidis
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K. Kouskouras
- Department of Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Sfougaris
- 1 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Gennimatas” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. Spyridakis
- 2 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C. Foroulis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Hatzipantelis
- Children’s and Adolescent’s Hematology-Oncology Unit of 2 Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Fedeli MA, Marras V, Fara AM, Deiana A, Lobrano R, Cossu A, Paliogiannis P. Primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung: A systematic review of the recent literature. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 65:152152. [PMID: 37149954 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary pulmonary Ewing sarcoma (PES) is a rare malignancy with only sporadic cases reported in the scientific literature. We performed a systematic review of the cases published in the last decade on PubMed, with the aim to describe the clinical, pathological, therapeutic, and prognostic data of PES. Forty-two articles reporting on 50 cases have been reviewed. Globally, 60 % of the patients were males, and the mean age at diagnosis was 30.5 years, with only a few cases diagnosed after 50 years of age. The most common clinical manifestations at diagnosis were dyspnea, cough and chest pain. The most common immunohistochemistry findings were staining for CD99 and (less frequently) for vimentin, and no staining for TTF-1, cytokeratin, desmin and S-100. ESWR1-FL1 translocation was tested in less than half of the cases. The disease was often locally advanced, treated generally with multidisciplinary treatment combining surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Among patients with follow-up data, approximately 40 % were dead at the time of publication, with the median survival being 11.5 months. Among those who were alive, only 8.3 % was free from disease at 48 months from diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Fedeli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Via Matteotti 60, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marras
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Via Matteotti 60, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Maria Fara
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Via Matteotti 60, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Deiana
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Via Matteotti 60, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Renato Lobrano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Via Matteotti 60, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Via Matteotti 60, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Spanomanolis N, Soumpourou E. Ewing Sarcoma of the Lung: Imaging of a Rare Tumor. Cureus 2022; 14:e32395. [PMID: 36636530 PMCID: PMC9830843 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pulmonary Ewing sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor of neuroectodermal tissue. In this article, we report on the case of a 45-year-old female who presented in the emergency department with shortness of breath and night fever. Radiologic findings suggested a massive pulmonary mass and a metastatic liver lesion. The diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma was established through a percutaneous biopsy of the lung mass and liver lesion. We highlight the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis for a large pulmonary mass in order to lead to a prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Fan YH, Ma HX, Guo SP, Chen Y, Zhang SP. Application of Anlotinib Combined With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Primary EWS/PNET of Lung: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:822469. [PMID: 35530342 PMCID: PMC9069099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.822469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pulmonary EWS/PNET(PPES) is extremely rare and is associated with a poor prognosis. Tumor angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor, so it has become a hot topic in molecular targeted therapy. Anlotinib is a new oral small molecular multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. This report describes a 20 year-old man with PPES. After 4 neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles (VACwith alternating IE) combined with anlotinib, the left total pneumonectomy was performed. Then maintenance anlotinib monotherapy was continued, no sign of recurrence to date as an outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of anlotinib combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in PPES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - H X Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - S P Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - S P Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Zou X, Chang W, Gao H. A primary Ewing's sarcoma of pleura: Case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 34:101516. [PMID: 34584837 PMCID: PMC8450240 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma was first reported by J.Ewing in 1921, which is generally originated from soft tissue of the trunk or limbs. Primary Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) of pleura is an uncommon condition, which is challenging to diagnose, and rarely reported. Herein, we present a previously 14-year-old male patient with fever and dyspnea for 1 month presented to the department of respiratory medicine in Binzhou Medical University Hospital. Radiology revealed a soft mass with massive pleural effusion in the right side of pleural cavity. After admission, we performed the transthoracic catheter drainage for the patient, followed by thoracoscopy and biopsy. Histopathology revealed a small round cell malignant tumor, combined with immunohistochemistry assay and the Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) detection of EWSR1 gene arrangement, Ewing's sarcoma was finally diagnosed. Despite receiving chemo- and radiotherapy, the patient died 1 year later after diagnosis. This paper reports a rare case that originated in parietal pleura with massive pleural effusion of Ewing's sarcoma, which was not previously reported. This rare tumor and its unusual clinical manifestations prompt us to report the current case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Zou
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Yellow River Road, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Wenli Chang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Yellow River Road, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Hengxing Gao
- Respiratory Department, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Yellow River Road, Binzhou 256603, China
- Corresponding author.
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