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Soh JF, Bodenstein K, Yu OHY, Linnaranta O, Renaud S, Mahdanian A, Su CL, Mucsi I, Mulsant B, Herrmann N, Rajji T, Beaulieu S, Sekhon H, Rej S. Atorvastatin lowers serum calcium levels in lithium-users: results from a randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:238. [PMID: 36153583 PMCID: PMC9508741 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although lithium is considered the gold-standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), it is associated with a variety of major endocrine and metabolic side effects, including parathyroid hormone (PTH) dependent hypercalcemia. Aside from surgery and medication discontinuation, there are limited treatments for hypercalcemia. This paper will assess data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of an RCT that explored the effects of atorvastatin (n = 27) versus placebo (n = 33) on lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) in patients with BD and major depressive disorder (MDD) using lithium (n = 60), over a 12-week period. This secondary analysis will explore serum calcium levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) measured at baseline, week 4, and week 12. RESULTS At 12-weeks follow-up while adjusting results for baseline, linear regression analyses found that corrected serum calcium levels were significantly lower in the treatment group (mean (M) = 2.30 mmol/L, standard deviation (SD) = 0.07) compared to the placebo group (M = 2.33 mmol/L, SD = 0.07) (β = - 0.03 (95% C.I.; - 0.0662, - 0.0035), p = 0.03) for lithium users. There were no significant changes in TSH. CONCLUSION In lithium users with relatively normal calcium levels, receiving atorvastatin was associated with a decrease in serum calcium levels. Although exciting, this is a preliminary finding that needs further investigation with hypercalcemic patients. Future RCTs could examine whether atorvastatin can treat PTH dependent hypercalcemia due to lithium and other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Fotso Soh
- GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katie Bodenstein
- GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Oriana Hoi Yun Yu
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Outi Linnaranta
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suzane Renaud
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Artin Mahdanian
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chien-Lin Su
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Multiorgan Transplant Program, University Health Network and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benoit Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Serge Beaulieu
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harmehr Sekhon
- GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Soham Rej
- GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
- McGill Meditation and Mind-Body Medicine Research Clinic (MMMM-RC), Montreal, Canada
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2
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Lavin P, Lesage M, Monroe E, Kanevsky M, Gruber J, Cinalioglu K, Rej S, Sekhon H. Humanoid robot intervention vs. treatment as usual for loneliness in long-term care homes: Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1003881. [PMID: 36339874 PMCID: PMC9633865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1003881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness affects up to 42% of long-term care residents and is associated with poor health outcomes. Humanoid robot interventions hold promise for reducing loneliness and decreasing barriers to social interaction in long-term care settings, such as the current COVID-19 safety measures in many countries, limited mobility, and poor health. We present a protocol describing an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of a humanoid robot intervention to treatment as usual, on loneliness and mental health outcomes in long-term care residents. METHODS Seventy-four (n = 74) older adults experiencing loneliness in 3 long-term care homes will be randomized 1:1 to an 8-week, twice a week social intervention with the Grace humanoid robot vs. a treatment as usual active control. We will assess change (baseline to week 8) in (1) loneliness (primary outcome), (2) depression severity, and (3) stress (secondary outcomes), as well as (4) other exploratory outcomes: anxiety, quality of life and reduction in acute healthcare utilization. We will also assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention using qualitative methods. DISCUSSION The proposed study will assess the effects of a social robot on loneliness and other mental health outcomes, as well as the feasibility of the intervention in older adults living in long-term care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05423899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lavin
- Department of Psychiatry, GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Lesage
- Department of Psychiatry, GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Edward Monroe
- Awakening Health Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Kanevsky
- CONNECTIN-TeleEmpathy™, Village Medical Center™, Global Health University™, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanna Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karin Cinalioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- Department of Psychiatry, GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Harmehr Sekhon
- Department of Psychiatry, GeriPARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
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3
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Li R, Xu W, Yang P, Tan L, Ling Z, Gan X. The Nursing Effect of Individualized Management on Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:846419. [PMID: 35370933 PMCID: PMC8968140 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.846419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
It focused on clinical effects of individualized nursing and health education (INHE) on patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and hypertension. 68 patients were randomly rolled into two groups, 34 cases in the control group (group A) received routine nursing and remaining 34 cases in the experimental group (group B) received INHE. The disease knowledge mastery (DKM) and the effect of rehabilitation nursing of patients were compared. The results suggested that DKM of patients in group B was obviously greater (P < 0.05). The total effective rate (TER) in group B was 91.45%, which was observably greater than that (76.35%) in group A (P < 0.05). After nursing, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2h PG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels of all patients decreased, and those in group B were much lower (P < 0.05). Scores of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) of the two groups were 56.34 ± 8.12 points and 56.33 ± 8.01 points in group A, respectively; and those in group B were 42.52 ± 6.77 points and 41.71 ± 7.23 points, respectively; and they were all decreased and those in the group B were obviously smaller (P < 0.05). In summary, INHE can effectively improve the psychological cognition of patients with T2DM and hypertension and strengthen the control of blood pressure and blood sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyu Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuni Gan
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuni Gan,
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Prillo J, Soh JF, Park H, Beaulieu S, Linnaranta O, Rej S. Obesity and metabolic comorbidity in bipolar disorder: do patients on lithium comprise a subgroup? A naturalistic study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:558. [PMID: 34758769 PMCID: PMC8582109 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorders (BD) are associated with increased prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nevertheless, there is a wide range in prevalence estimates, with little known about the contributions of pharmacotherapy. It has been suggested that lithium might have a more favorable metabolic profile. We hypothesized that lithium use is associated with less increased body mass index (BMI), MetS, and type II diabetes, when compared with non-lithium users (those on anticonvulsants, second-generation antipsychotics). METHODS Cross-sectional study of 129 patients aged 18-85 with bipolar disorder, followed at tertiary care clinics in Montreal. Patients using lithium were compared with those not on lithium, for body mass index and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the sample of lithium-using patients with BD was 42.4 and 35.7% respectively, with an average BMI of 29.10 (+/- 6.70). Lithium and non-lithium groups did not differ in BMI or prevalence of MetS. However, compared to the non-lithium group, lithium users had lower hemoglobin A1C (5.24 +/- 0.53 versus 6.01 +/- 1.83, U = 753.5, p = 0.006) and lower triglycerides (1.46 +/- 0.88 versus 2.01 +/- 1.25, U = 947, p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among patients with bipolar disorder. However, this did not appear to be associated with lithium use, when compared to those not on lithium. The lithium subgroup was also associated with lower prevalence of type II diabetes. Future prospective and intervention studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to further explore the association between lithium and insulin resistance, as well as its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Prillo
- GeriPARTy Group, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Jocelyn Fotso Soh
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649GeriPARTy Group, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Haley Park
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649GeriPARTy Group, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge Beaulieu
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Outi Linnaranta
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649GeriPARTy Group, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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5
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Fotso Soh J, Beaulieu S, Trepiccione F, Linnaranta O, Torres-Platas G, Platt RW, Renaud S, Su CL, Mucsi I, D'Apolito L, Mulsant BH, Levinson A, Saury S, Müller D, Schaffer A, Dols A, Low N, Cervantes P, Christensen BM, Herrmann N, Rajji T, Rej S. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of atorvastatin for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in lithium users. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:66-75. [PMID: 32621644 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lithium remains an important treatment for mood disorders but is associated with kidney disease. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is associated with up to 3-fold risk of incident chronic kidney disease among lithium users. There are limited randomized controlled trials (RCT) for treatments of lithium-induced NDI, and existing therapies can be poorly tolerated. Therefore, novel treatments are needed for lithium-induced NDI. METHOD We conducted a 12-week double-blind pilot RCT to assess the feasibility and efficacy of 20 mg/d atorvastatin vs placebo in the treatment of NDI in chronic lithium users. Patients, recruited between September 2017 and October 2018, were aged 18 to 85, currently on a stable dose of lithium, and determined to have NDI. RESULTS Urinary osmolality (UOsm) at 12 weeks adjusted for baseline was not statistically different between groups (+39.6 mOsm/kg [95% CI, -35.3, 114.5] in atorvastatin compared to placebo groups). Secondary outcomes of fluid intake and aquaporin-2 excretions at 12 weeks adjusted for baseline were -0.13 L [95% CI, -0.54, 0.28] and 98.68 [95% CI, -190.34, 387.70], respectively. A moderate effect size was observed for improvements in baseline UOsm by ≥100 mOsm/kg at 12 weeks in patients who received atorvastatin compared to placebo (38.45% (10/26) vs 22.58% (7/31); Cohen's d = 0.66). CONCLUSION Among lithium users with NDI, atorvastatin 20 mg/d did not significantly improve urinary osmolality compared to placebo over a 12-week period. Larger confirmatory trials with longer follow-up periods may help to further assess the effects of statins on NDI, especially within patients with more severe NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Fotso Soh
- Geri-PARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Beaulieu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Outi Linnaranta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Robert W Platt
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzane Renaud
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chien-Lin Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto (UofT), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luciano D'Apolito
- Biogem S.c.a.r.l., Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore", Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sybille Saury
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ayal Schaffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy Low
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pablo Cervantes
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- Geri-PARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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6
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Mortensen LA, Bistrup C, Jensen BL, Hinrichs GR. A mini-review of pharmacological strategies used to ameliorate polyuria associated with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F746-F753. [PMID: 32924547 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00339.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by renal resistance to the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), which leads to polyuria, plasma hyperosmolarity, polydipsia, and impaired quality of living. Inherited forms are caused by X-linked loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) or autosomal recessive/dominant mutations in the gene encoding aquaporin 2 (AQP2). A common acquired form is lithium-induced NDI. AVP facilitates reabsorption of water through increased abundance and insertion of AQP2 in the apical membrane of principal cells in the collecting ducts. In X-linked NDI, V2R is dysfunctional, which leads to impaired water reabsorption. These patients have functional AQP2, and thus the challenge is to achieve AQP2 membrane insertion independently of V2R. The current treatment is symptomatic and is based on distally acting diuretics (thiazide or amiloride) and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin). This mini-review covers published data from trials in preclinical in vivo models and a few human intervention studies to improve NDI by more causal approaches. Promising effects on NDI in preclinical studies have been demonstrated by the use of pharmacological approaches with secretin, Wnt5a, protein kinase A agonist, fluconazole, prostaglandin E2 EP2 and EP4 agonists, statins, metformin, and soluble prorenin receptor agonists. In patients, only casuistic reports have evaluated the effect of statins, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (rolipram and sildenafil), and the guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat without amelioration of symptoms. It is concluded that there is currently no established intervention that causally improves symptoms or quality of life in patients with NDI. There is a need to collaborate to improve study quality and conduct formal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line A Mortensen
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Bistrup
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gitte R Hinrichs
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Fotso Soh J, Almadani A, Beaulieu S, Rajji T, Mulsant BH, Su CL, Renaud S, Mucsi I, Torres-Platas SG, Levinson A, Schaffer A, Dols A, Cervantes P, Low N, Herrmann N, Mantere O, Rej S. The effect of atorvastatin on cognition and mood in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression patients: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:149-154. [PMID: 31733459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Statins have recently been linked to having effects on cognition and mood in mood disorders, though results are mixed. In this paper, we use data from a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effect of statins on cognition and mood in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (n = 60) originally designed to examine the effect of atorvastatin (n = 27) versus placebo (n = 33) for lithium-induced diabetes insipidus in BD and MDD patients who were using lithium. For this analysis, the primary outcome was global cognition Z-score at 12-weeks adjusted for baseline. The secondary cognition outcomes were (1) Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP), and (2) executive function Z-score. The primary mood outcome (secondary outcome of this analysis) was depression relapse during 12-week follow-up (Mongomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) ≥10). The secondary mood outcomes were (1) relapse rate into a manic episode, and (2) relapse rate into any mood episode. RESULTS After 12 weeks follow-up, atorvastatin and placebo groups did not differ in terms of global cognition Z-score (β = -0.009287 (-0.1698,0.1512), p-value = 0.91). Similarly, composite Z-scores for SCIP and executive functions did not differ significantly. Depression relapse during 12-week follow-up was not significantly different between the groups (χ2 (1) = 0.148, p-value = 0.70). Similarly, there was no difference between groups regarding relapse into mania. CONCLUSION In BD and MDD patients with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus randomized to atorvastatin or placebo, we found no significant differences in cognition and mood outcomes at 12-week follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Fotso Soh
- Geri-PARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital/Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Ahmad Almadani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge Beaulieu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarek Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Chien-Lin Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Suzane Renaud
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Istvan Mucsi
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - S Gabriela Torres-Platas
- Geri-PARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital/Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ayal Schaffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Psychiatry, GGZ, inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pablo Cervantes
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nancy Low
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Outi Mantere
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- Geri-PARTy Research Group, Jewish General Hospital/Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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