1
|
Kernot J, Goh J, Aguilar A, Muller J, Dawson S. Individual placement and support: A qualitative investigation of carers' experiences supporting someone experiencing mental illness into employment. Aust Occup Ther J 2024; 71:240-250. [PMID: 38110830 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment rates for people living with mental illness remain persistently high. Individual Placement Support (IPS) is an evidence-based employment model that supports people with severe mental illness to gain employment. Although carers provide emotional and instrumental support for people with mental illness, there is limited research exploring carers' perspectives of IPS. AIMS To explore carers' perspectives of their experience as caregivers of individuals living with mental illness who have participated in IPS. METHODS This qualitative descriptive study gained carers' perspectives through semi-structured interviews. A convenience sample of eight carers was recruited via a community mental health service in Adelaide. Data were analysed thematically. FINDINGS Three main themes were identified: (1) employment benefits, (2) factors that may impact on employment, and (3) knowledge and opinions of IPS. Within each theme, four sub-themes emerged. CONCLUSIONS This study addresses a gap in research and provides insights into carers' experiences of IPS. Increased communication and involvement of carers in IPS may benefit IPS participants and staff as carers provide invaluable additional insight into supporting individuals through their employment journey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Kernot
- Allied Health & Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jiin Goh
- Allied Health & Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Alejandra Aguilar
- Allied Health & Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jess Muller
- Allied Health & Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Suzanne Dawson
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
- Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harkko J, Sipilä N, Nordquist H, Lallukka T, Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Donnelly M, Kouvonen A. External context in individual placement and support implementation: a scoping review with abductive thematic analysis. Implement Sci 2023; 18:61. [PMID: 37946209 PMCID: PMC10636871 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-023-01316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Context including the external context may considerably affect the adoption, implementation, sustainment, and scale-up of evidence-based practices. We investigated external contextual features by conducting a scoping review of empirical research regarding the implementation of an evidence-based psychiatric or mental health vocational rehabilitation service called Individual Placement and Support (IPS). METHODS The protocol for the scoping review was registered with the Open Science Framework. We used the methodology by Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting the scoping review and reported it according to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. We searched 12 databases for research regarding 'Individual Placement and Support' or 'Evidence-Based Supported Employment'. We retained peer-reviewed empirical studies investigating external contextual factors and their impact on IPS implementation outcomes. We extracted data from the eligible articles and conducted descriptive and thematic analyses. RESULTS Fifty-nine original research papers met our eligibility requirements and were retained after reviewing 1124 titles and abstracts and 119 full texts. The analysis generated two main themes: (1) external contextual determinants of service delivery and (2) external systems influencing the evidence-to-practice process. The first main theme encompassed policies and laws, financing, and administratively instituted support resources, and organizational arrangements associated with external stakeholders that may facilitate or hinder the local implementation. The second main theme comprised strategies and actions used by different stakeholders to facilitate implementation locally or scale-up efforts at a system level. DISCUSSION Our scoping review illustrates the important role that external contextual factors play and how they may facilitate or hinder the implementation and scale-up of the IPS model across mental health services in different countries. Consideration of these factors by decision-makers in mental health and welfare services, planners, providers, and practitioners is likely to facilitate the development of effective strategies for bridging the evidence-practice gap in implementing the EBPs. Finally, the scoping review identified gaps in knowledge and offered suggestions for future research. TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Harkko
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Noora Sipilä
- The Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilla Nordquist
- South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Butenko D, Rinaldi M, Brinchmann B, Brandseth OL, Killackey E, Mykletun A. The personality profile of IPS employment specialists, and how it relates to job satisfaction: A longitudinal cohort study. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:71-79. [PMID: 35997312 PMCID: PMC10087514 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) employment specialist is a new type of occupation within mental healthcare. High turnover among employment specialists necessitates improvement in their recruitment and retention. One element that impacts retention is job satisfaction. We assessed the personality of 38 employment specialists (Big 5 Inventory-2) and measured job satisfaction over three time periods. Compared to norm data, employment specialists were significantly higher on Extraversion (ΔT = 8.0, CI: 5.59-10.42), Agreeableness (ΔT = 7.8, CI: 5.56-10.12), Conscientiousness (ΔT = 3.3, CI: 0.8-5.84), Open-mindedness (ΔT = 3.5, CI: 0.97-6.07), while lower on Negative emotionality (ΔT = -3.5, CI: -6.5 to -0.42). Extraversion had a substantial longitudinal positive effect on job satisfaction (β at T1 = 0.39; CI: 0.10-0.73) (β at T2 = 0.40; CI: 0.03-0.80), while Negative emotionality - a substantial negative effect (β at T1 = -0.60; CI: -0.90 to -0.30) (β at T2 = -0.50; CI: -0.90 to -0.12). Male gender was significantly associated with higher job satisfaction at the time point 1 (β = -0.46; CI: -0.80 to -0.14). Age, length of employment in the role, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Open-mindedness were not found to have substantial significant effects on job satisfaction of employment specialists. Recruiting employment specialists who score high on Extraversion and low on Negative emotionality may be a good fit for the role and job satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Butenko
- Centre for work and mental health, Nordland Hospital trust, Bodø, Norway.,Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University in Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miles Rinaldi
- Centre for work and mental health, Nordland Hospital trust, Bodø, Norway.,South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Beate Brinchmann
- Centre for work and mental health, Nordland Hospital trust, Bodø, Norway.,UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oda Lekve Brandseth
- Centre for work and mental health, Nordland Hospital trust, Bodø, Norway.,Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arnstein Mykletun
- Centre for work and mental health, Nordland Hospital trust, Bodø, Norway.,Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vukadin M, Schaafsma FG, Michon HWC, Cillekens B, van de Ven PM, Juurlink T, Anema JR. Evaluation of an implementation strategy for Individual Placement and Support in the Netherlands: a 30-month observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:473. [PMID: 35840931 PMCID: PMC9284733 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based, effective approach to help people with severe mental illness (SMI) obtain and maintain competitive employment. The aim of the present study was to examine employment outcomes and associations with an organizational and a financial factor in people with SMI who participated in Individual Placement and Support using a multifaceted implementation strategy (IPS + MIS). The goal of this strategy was to improve IPS implementation by enhancing collaboration among mental health care and vocational rehabilitation stakeholders, and realizing secured IPS funding. METHODS An observational cohort study including 103 participants was conducted, with a 30-month follow-up. Descriptive analyses were used to examine employment outcomes. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to study associations with an organizational and a financial factor: the level of experience of mental health agencies with providing IPS + MIS and the type of IPS funding (i.e. municipality funding (reference group) and the Dutch Social Security Institute: the Institute for Employee Benefits Schemes (UWV) funding). RESULTS Forty-six percent of the participants were competitively employed at any time during the 30-month follow-up; the median number of days until competitive job obtainment and in competitive jobs was 201 and 265, respectively. The majority of all jobs obtained (81%) were categorized as 'elementary occupations', 'clerical support workers', and 'service and sales workers'. A higher level of experience of the mental health agencies with providing IPS + MIS was found to be positively associated with job obtainment (OR = 3.83, 95% CI 1.42-10.30, p = 0.01) and the number of days worked in competitive jobs (B = 1.21, 95% CI 0.36-2.07, p = 0.01). UWV funding was found to be negatively associated with job obtainment (OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.77, p = 0.01). No association was found for the type of IPS funding and the number of days worked in competitive jobs (B = -0.73, 95% CI -1.48-0.02, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that almost half of the people who participate in IPS + MIS obtain a competitive job within 30 months. The results further suggest that both the level of experience of mental health agencies with providing IPS + MIS, and funding may play a role in employment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Vukadin
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Research Centre for Insurance Medicine, collaboration between AMC, UMCG, UWV, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederieke G. Schaafsma
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XResearch Centre for Insurance Medicine, collaboration between AMC, UMCG, UWV, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry W. C. Michon
- grid.416017.50000 0001 0835 8259Trimbos Institute, The Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.491356.c0000 0004 0622 0186Movisie, Churchilllaan 11, 3527 BG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Cillekens
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van de Ven
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trees Juurlink
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XResearch Centre for Insurance Medicine, collaboration between AMC, UMCG, UWV, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R. Anema
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XResearch Centre for Insurance Medicine, collaboration between AMC, UMCG, UWV, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Butenko D, Rinaldi M, Brinchmann B, Killackey E, Johnsen E, Mykletun A. Turnover of IPS employment specialists: Rates and predictors. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are anecdotal reports of high job turnover of Individual Placement and Support employment specialists. However, no studies have addressed this issue. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether turnover rates among employment specialists are higher compared to public sector employees along with the correlates of turnover intentions. METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study collected data from 40 employment specialists in Norway using validated scales to measure job perceptions. Turnover intentions were the main outcome. RESULTS: Turnover rate of employment specialists (45.0%) was significantly higher than the average turnover rate of other occupations in the public sector (27.1%) in the same geographical regions (x2 = 6.5, df = 1, p = 0.01). After adjusting for potential confounders, five factors remained significantly and associated with turnover intentions in directions as expected: general job satisfaction (β= –0.33, p < 0.05), satisfaction with current work (β= –0.35, p < 0.05), satisfaction with supervision (β= –0.28, p < 0.05), work meaningfulness (β= –0.42, p < 0.05) and Negative emotionality personality trait (β= 0.58, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Addressing turnover will positively impact on productivity and job satisfaction of employment specialists along with continuity of employment support for people with mental health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Butenko
- Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bod, Norway
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miles Rinaldi
- Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bod, Norway
- South West London and St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Beate Brinchmann
- Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bod, Norway
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnstein Mykletun
- Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bod, Norway
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|