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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Liu G. Negative life events predict depressive trends: the moderating effect of overgeneral autobiographical memory and early parenting behaviour. Memory 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39288237 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2404261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The Emerging Adulthood is a complex and chaotic period and depression is one of the main psychological health problems during this period. Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) is prevalent among patients with clinical depression. However, the prediction of OGM in groups with non-clinical depression and its influencing mechanisms remain inconclusive. Studies have shown that OGM and early parenting behaviour are vulnerable factors of depression in emerging adulthood, which may be triggered by negative life events. Our longitudinal study included 241 participants (Mage = 21.88 years). At baseline, participants completed measures of current negative life events, depression, early parenting behaviour and an autobiographical memory test. Thereafter, they were tracked for depression every 35 days. We used the latent class growth model to differentiate levels and trends of depression among non-clinical participants. The analysis showed that the effect of negative life events on depression was moderated by OGM and early parenting behaviour. However, this moderating effect was found only in the low-risk depression group. Our findings indicate that early parenting behaviour might account for the different mechanisms of OGM production in non-clinical groups. Moreover, it underlines the importance of OGM and early parenting behaviour as potential predictors of future depression in non-clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanxia Zheng
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Liu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Lowthian E, Bedston S, Kristensen SM, Akbari A, Fry R, Huxley K, Johnson R, Kim HS, Owen RK, Taylor C, Griffiths L. Maternal Mental Health and Children's Problem Behaviours: A Bi-directional Relationship? Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1611-1626. [PMID: 37400731 PMCID: PMC10628040 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Transactional theory and the coercive family process model have illustrated how the parent-child relationship is reciprocal. Emerging research using advanced statistical methods has examined these theories, but further investigations are necessary. In this study, we utilised linked health data on maternal mental health disorders and explored their relationship with child problem behaviours via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for over 13 years. We accessed data from the Millennium Cohort Study, linked to anonymised individual-level population-scale health and administrative data within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We used Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling, specifically Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models, to analyse the relationships between mothers and their children. We then explored these models with the addition of time-invariant covariates. We found that a mother's mental health was strongly associated over time, as were children's problem behaviours. We found mixed evidence for bi-directional relationships, with only emotional problems showing bi-directional associations in mid to late childhood. Only child-to-mother pathways were identified for the overall problem behaviour score and peer problems; no associations were found for conduct problems or hyperactivity. All models had strong between-effects and clear socioeconomic and sex differences. We encourage the use of whole family-based support for mental health and problem behaviours, and recommend that socioeconomic, sex and wider differences should be considered as factors in tailoring family-based interventions and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lowthian
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales.
- Department of Education and Childhood Studies, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales.
| | - Stuart Bedston
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales
| | | | - Ashley Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales
| | - Richard Fry
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales
| | - Katy Huxley
- School of Social Sciences, Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Rhodri Johnson
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales
| | - Hyun Sue Kim
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, United States
| | - Rhiannon K Owen
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales
| | - Chris Taylor
- School of Social Sciences, Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Lucy Griffiths
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Jiang F, Liu Y, Xu F, Duan X, Li Q, Zhao W, Xu R, Wang J, Liu C, Liu Y. The influence of parental rearing style on the incidence of panic disorder, major depressive disorder and the comorbidity among Chinese college students. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:100-106. [PMID: 37290524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder (PD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and the comorbidity (PD&MDD) in college students have caused a heavy disease burden for individuals and families. However, little was known for the comorbidity, especially the impact of parental rearing style on the incidence of the PD&MDD comorbidity. METHODS A cohort study was conducted among 6652 Chinese college students. Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0) was used for disease diagnosis. The parental rearing styles were measured by the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU) scale and factor analysis was used to reduce the dimension of the EMBU scale. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the relationships between parenting styles and disease incidence. SPSS version 26.0 was used for all statistical analyses. RESULTS The 1-year incidence of PD, MDD, and PD&MDD comorbidity was 0.27 %, 2.04 %, and 0.21 %, respectively. Emotional warmth mode (OR = 0.753, 95%CI: 0.631-0.899, P < 0.01) were only negatively correlated with major depressive disorder. However, punishment denial mode (OR = 1.857, 95%CI: 1.316-2.620, P < 0.01) and over-participation mode (OR = 1.862, 95%CI: 1.176-2.949, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with the comorbidity of panic disorder and major depressive disorder. LIMITATIONS The limited follow-up period was only 1 year in this study which had impacted the collection of new onset cases. CONCLUSIONS Parental rearing style has a long-term influence on the psychiatric status of college students. Parenting style interventions working as the second level of mental disorder prevention will play an important role in MDD, PD and comorbidity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Wang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhang
- Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fengxia Jiang
- Jining Veterans Military Hospital, Yanzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fangfang Xu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ximing Duan
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Weiyan Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixue Xu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - JianLi Wang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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Mestermann S, Arndt M, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Kratz O, Moll GH, Kornhuber J, Eichler A. The Father's Part: Influences of Paternal Psychopathology and Parenting Behavior on Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2119. [PMID: 37570360 PMCID: PMC10418667 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Family influences on child quality of life (QoL) are increasingly understood. Parenting behavior and parent individual psychopathology are among the established predictors of offspring mental health. However, literature often addresses these factors as 'parental', lacking further gender-specific differentiation while predominantly studying maternal aspects. Social and biological fathers are still underrepresented in family research. The aim of this study was to analyze paternal contributions to child well-being. A total of 197 father/mother-dyads gave a standardized self-report on parenting behavior and their own psychopathology at child primary school age (t1; 6-10 y). Ratings were compared mutually and associated with child self-rated QoL at t1 and adolescence (t2; 12-14 y). Fathers and mothers differed in psychopathology and most parenting behavior dimensions (positive parenting, involvement, responsible parenting, poor monitoring, and corporal punishment). Father psychopathology made a relevant predictive contribution to girls' QoL at t2. Boys' t1 QoL was significantly influenced by maternal parenting factors (positivity and corporal punishment). Compared to mothers, fathers are faced with different individual stressors; paternal parenting behavior is different, while fathers' influences are significant, particularly for daughters. Father-addressed pre- and intervention programs in child psychotherapeutic treatment are of high relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mestermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany (A.E.)
| | - Marie Arndt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany (A.E.)
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany (A.E.)
| | - Gunther H. Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany (A.E.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany (A.E.)
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Qiu Z, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhang H. Associations of Parenting Style and Resilience With Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Chinese Middle School Students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:897339. [PMID: 35846635 PMCID: PMC9285101 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parenting style and resilience are independently associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, no study has tested the interaction effects between the patterns of parenting style and resilience on mental health in adolescent populations. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the interaction effects between the patterns of parenting style and resilience on depression/anxiety symptoms among middle school students in China. Methods A sample of 2,179 Chinese middle school students were included in this study. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to examine parenting style patterns. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of different parenting patterns and resilience with depression/anxiety symptoms, as well as the interaction effect. Results Latent profile analysis results showed that the most suitable model included three-profile solution, which were labeled as positive parenting, negative parenting, and moderate parenting. Subsequent analyses indicated that students across profiles exhibited significant differences in their depression/anxiety symptoms. Specifically, compared to moderate parenting, negative parenting was positively associated with depression/anxiety symptoms, while positive parenting was negatively associated with these symptoms. Moreover, low levels of resilience were positively associated with depression/anxiety symptoms compared to a high level of resilience. Although the interaction effect was not significant, there were differences in the associations between different parenting patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety when stratifying resilience. Conclusion The present study identified three-profile solution of parenting styles among Chinese middle school students using LPA as a person-centered approach. Future interventions targeting depression/anxiety symptoms in adolescents may consider the potential influence of patterns of parenting styles, or improved resilience, to achieve better intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Qiu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Psychological Center of Hefei No.1 High Senser School, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang,
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Hongbo Zhang,
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