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Parabiaghi A, Monzio Compagnoni M, D’Avanzo B, Caggiu G, Galbussera AA, Tettamanti M, Fortino I, Barbato A. Association of Antipsychotic Polypharmacy and Two-Year All-Cause Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 33,221 Italian Continuous Users. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2073. [PMID: 38610838 PMCID: PMC11012528 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Differences in survival between patients treated with antipsychotic monotherapy vs. polytherapy are debated. This study aimed to examine the association of antipsychotic polytherapy with 2-year all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort. Methods: Data were retrieved from healthcare databases of four local health units of Lombardy, Italy. Subjects aged 18-79 years who received continuous antipsychotic prescriptions in 2018 were identified. Overall survival among patients with antipsychotic monotherapy vs. polytherapy was compared. A multivariate Cox PH model was used to estimate the association between antipsychotic therapy, or antipsychotic use (continuous vs. non-continuous), and all-cause mortality. Adjustments were made for the presence of metabolic disturbances, total antipsychotic dosage amount (olanzapine equivalent doses), age, and sex. Results: A total of 49,875 subjects receiving at least one prescription of antipsychotics during 2018 were identified. Among the 33,221 patients receiving continuative antipsychotic prescriptions, 1958 (5.9%) experienced death from any cause at two years. Patients with continuous antipsychotic use had a 1.13-point increased mortality risk compared with non-continuous users. Patients treated with antipsychotic polytherapy showed an adjusted mortality risk increased by 17% (95% CI: 2%, 33%) compared to monotherapy. Conclusions: The study highlights the potential risks associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy, emphasizing the importance of optimizing drug prescriptions to improve patient safety and reduce mortality rates in individuals receiving antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Parabiaghi
- Unit for Quality of Care and Rights Promotion in Mental Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Matteo Monzio Compagnoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara D’Avanzo
- Laboratory for Assessing Quality of Care and Services, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Caggiu
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Alessia A. Galbussera
- Laboratory of Geriatric Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (A.A.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Geriatric Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (A.A.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Ida Fortino
- Directorate General for Health, Lombardy Region, 00144 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Barbato
- Unit for Quality of Care and Rights Promotion in Mental Health, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (A.B.)
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Jaffé ME, Loew SB, Meyer AH, Lieb R, Dechent F, Lang UE, Huber CG, Moeller J. Just Not Enough: Utilization of Outpatient Psychotherapy Provided by Clinical Psychologists for Patients With Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Switzerland. Health Serv Insights 2024; 17:11786329241229950. [PMID: 38348355 PMCID: PMC10860477 DOI: 10.1177/11786329241229950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment guidelines state that evidence-based psychotherapy is effective for people with psychosis and bipolar disorder and should be offered during every phase of the treatment process. However, research has indicated a lack of outpatient psychotherapeutic services for this patient group, for example, in the United States or Germany. We extend this finding by presenting survey data from Switzerland. We surveyed 112 inpatients with a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder and assessed outpatient treatment over the 5 years prior to their index hospitalization by using retrospective self-reports. The survey focused on psychotherapy provided by clinical psychologists. Results indicate that only 23.2% of participants retrospectively reported having utilized any outpatient psychotherapy within the reporting period and only 8% of participants reported having received a number of outpatient sessions that reaches recommended levels of psychotherapy. Exploratory analyses did not detect a significant association between self-reported utilization of outpatient psychotherapy sessions and most demographic, psychiatric, and psychological attributes, but patients with a bipolar disorder diagnosis (vs schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis) reported having utilized outpatient treatment more often. These findings are preliminary. When replicated they highlight the need for increased access to outpatient psychotherapy and better alignment between guideline recommendations and outpatient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela E Jaffé
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sou Bouy Loew
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H Meyer
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frieder Dechent
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E Lang
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian G Huber
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Moeller
- University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Sanza M, Monzio Compagnoni M, Caggiu G, Allevi L, Barbato A, Campa J, Carle F, D'avanzo B, Di Fiandra T, Ferrara L, Gaddini A, Saponaro A, Scondotto S, Tozzi VD, Lorusso S, Giordani C, Corrao G, Lora A. Assessing the quality of the care offer for people with personality disorders in Italy: the QUADIM project. A multicentre research based on the database of use of Mental Health services. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:31. [PMID: 37833745 PMCID: PMC10571410 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italy can be viewed as a laboratory to assess the quality of mental healthcare delivered in a community-oriented system, especially for severe mental disorders, such as personality disorders. Although initiatives based on clinical indicators for assessing the quality of mental healthcare have been developed by transnational-organisations, there is still no widespread practice of measuring the quality of care pathways delivered to patients with severe mental disorders in a community-oriented system, especially using administrative healthcare databases. The aim of the study is to evaluate the quality of care delivered to patients with personality disorders taken-in-care by mental health services of four Italian regions (Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio, Sicily). METHODS A set of thirty-three clinical indicators, concerning accessibility, appropriateness, continuity, and safety of care, was implemented using regional healthcare utilization databases, containing data on mental health treatments and diagnosis, hospital admissions, outpatient interventions and exams and drug prescriptions. RESULTS 31,688 prevalent patients with personality disorders treated in 2015 were identified, of whom 2,331 newly taken-in-care. One-in-10 patients received a standardized assessment, the treatment discontinuity affected half of the cases. 12.7% of prevalent patients received at least one hospitalization, 10.6% in the newly taken-in-care cohort. 6-out-of-10 patients had contact with community-services within 14 days from hospital discharge. Access to psychotherapy and psychoeducational treatments was low and delivered with a low intensity. The median of psychosocial interventions per person-year was 19.1 and 9.4, respectively, in prevalent and newly taken-in-care cases. Nearly 50% of patients received pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare utilization databases were used to systematically evaluate and assess service delivery across regional mental health systems; suggesting that in Italy the public mental health services provide to individuals with personality disorders suboptimal treatment paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sanza
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Disorders Forlì-Cesena, AUSL Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Matteo Monzio Compagnoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Caggiu
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Liliana Allevi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Angelo Barbato
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Carle
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Barbara D'avanzo
- Department of Health Policy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Teresa Di Fiandra
- Psychologist, previously General Directorate for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ferrara
- Centre of Research on Health and Social Care Management, CERGAS SDA Bocconi School of Management (Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Saponaro
- General Directorate of Health and Social Policies, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scondotto
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Services and Epidemiological Observatory, Regional Health Authority, Sicily Region, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria D Tozzi
- Centre of Research on Health and Social Care Management, CERGAS SDA Bocconi School of Management (Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorusso
- Department of Health Planning, Italian Health Ministry, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Corrao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Lora
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
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