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Collins KA, Huffman KM, Wolever RQ, Smith PJ, Siegler IC, Ross LM, Jakicic JM, Costa PT, Kraus WE. Race and sex differences in dropout from the STRRIDE trials. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1215704. [PMID: 37492634 PMCID: PMC10364164 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1215704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if race and sex differences exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention. Methods A total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia (STRRIDE I, STRRIDE AT/RT) or prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD) were randomized to either inactive control or to 1 of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8-23 kcal/kg/week, intensities of 50%-75% V ˙ O 2 peak, and durations of 6-8 months. Two groups included resistance training, and one included a dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Dropout was defined as an individual withdrawn from the study, with the reasons for dropout aggregated into determinant categories. Timing of dropout was defined as the last session attended and aggregated into phases (i.e., "ramp" period to allow gradual adaptation to exercise prescription). Utilizing descriptive statistics, percentages were generated according to categories of determinants and timing of dropout to describe the proportion of individuals who fell within each category. Results Black men and women were more likely to be lost to follow-up (Black men: 31.3% and Black women: 19.6%), or dropout due to work responsibilities (15.6% and 12.5%), "change of mind" (12.5% and 8.9%), transportation issues (6.3% and 3.6%), or reported lack of motivation (6.3% and 3.6%). Women in general noted lack of time more often than men as a reason for dropout (White women: 22.4% and Black women: 22.1%). Regardless of race and sex, most participants dropped out during the ramp period of the exercise intervention; with Black women (50%) and White men (37.1%) having the highest dropout rate during this period. Conclusion These findings emphasize the importance of targeted retention strategies when aiming to address race and sex differences that exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruth Q. Wolever
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ilene C. Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Paul T. Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Coupe N, Cotterill S, Peters S. Enhancing community weight loss groups in a low socioeconomic status area: Application of the COM-B model and Behaviour Change Wheel. Health Expect 2021; 25:2043-2055. [PMID: 34350682 PMCID: PMC9615060 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity rates are higher among people of lower socioeconomic status. While numerous health behaviour interventions targeting obesity exist, they are more successful at engaging higher socioeconomic status populations, leaving those in less affluent circumstances with poorer outcomes. This highlights a need for more tailored interventions. The aim of this study was to enhance an existing weight loss course for adults living in low socioeconomic communities. Methods The Behaviour Change Wheel approach was followed to design an add‐on intervention to an existing local authority‐run weight loss group, informed by mixed‐methods research and stakeholder engagement. Results The COM‐B analysis of qualitative data revealed that changes were required to psychological capability, physical and social opportunity and reflective motivation to enable dietary goal‐setting behaviours. The resulting SMART‐C booklet included 6 weeks of dietary goal setting, with weekly behavioural contract and review. Conclusion This paper details the development of the theory‐ and evidence‐informed SMART‐C intervention. This is the first report of the Behaviour Change Wheel being used to design an add‐on tool to enhance existing weight loss services. The process benefitted from a further checking stage with stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Coupe
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Faculty of Social Science, School of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Sarah Cotterill
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Biostatistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Self-Persuasion Increases Healthy Eating Intention Depending on Cultural Background. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103405. [PMID: 32414167 PMCID: PMC7277338 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy eating behavior has become a global health risk and thus needs to be influenced. Previous research has found that self-persuasion is more effective than direct persuasion in changing attitudes and behavioral intentions, but the influence of the cultural backgrounds of those being persuaded remains unclear. We conducted two studies to investigate the effectiveness of self-persuasion and direct persuasion techniques in promoting healthy eating intention among different ethnicities in the Netherlands. Native Dutch, Moroccan–Dutch, and Turkish–Dutch participated both online and offline. Participants saw a poster with either a self-persuasion message (“Why would you choose healthier food?”) or a direct persuasion message (“Choose healthier food!”), and were then asked to report their intention to eat healthily in the upcoming month. Significant cultural differences were found between native Dutch and Moroccan–Dutch in Study 1, and between the native Dutch and Turkish-Dutch who participated offline in Study 2. Accordingly, cultural background was found to moderate the relationship between persuasion and healthy eating intention among these groups. These results provided preliminary evidence for the moderation effect of persuasion on healthy eating intention: Self-persuasion appears to be more effective for people with an individualistic background, and direct persuasion appears to be more effective for people with a collectivistic background.
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Physical Activity among Adults with Low Socioeconomic Status Living in Industrialized Countries: A Meta-Ethnographic Approach to Understanding Socioecological Complexities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:4283027. [PMID: 32322283 PMCID: PMC7152945 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4283027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Method Using MeSH keywords, we searched major electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO in order to identify relevant publications published between January 2000 and October 2018. We included 19 qualitative studies which met inclusion criteria and were focused on physical activity determinants among adults. Results Determinants emerging from these studies were grouped into six themes: (i) urban environment, (ii) financial constraints, (iii) work-life integration, (iv) community engagement, (v) social support, and (vi) psychosocial factors. After conceptualising these six themes into a social ecological model, we identified potential research gaps for physical activity among adults with low socioeconomic status living in industrialized countries. Conclusion Our major insight was that, in industrialized countries, physical activity overlooks potential strengths to maintain health and well-being of those people with low socioeconomic status. A more complex understanding of contradictions between positive and deficit frames would lead to more critical insights of research gaps of physical activity in adult population with low socioeconomic status.
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Goodwin BC, March S, Ireland MJ, Crawford-Williams F, Ng SK, Baade PD, Chambers SK, Aitken JF, Dunn J. Geographic Disparities in Previously Diagnosed Health Conditions in Colorectal Cancer Patients Are Largely Explained by Age and Area Level Disadvantage. Front Oncol 2018; 8:372. [PMID: 30254984 PMCID: PMC6141831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Geographical disparity in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates may be partly due to aging populations and disadvantage in more remote locations; factors that also impact the incidence and outcomes of other chronic health conditions. The current study investigates whether geographic disparity exists amongst previously diagnosed health conditions in CRC patients above and beyond age and area-level disadvantage and whether this disparity is linked to geographic disparity in CRC survival. Methods: Data regarding previously diagnosed health conditions were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews with a cross-sectional sample of n = 1,966 Australian CRC patients between 2003 and 2004. Ten-year survival outcomes were acquired in December 2014 from cancer registry data. Multivariate logistic regressions were applied to test associations between previously diagnosed health conditions and survival rates in rural, regional, and metropolitan areas. Results: Results suggest that only few geographical disparities exist in previously diagnosed health conditions for CRC patients and these were largely explained by socio-economic status and age. Living in an inner regional area was associated with cardio-vascular conditions, one or more respiratory diseases, and multiple respiratory diagnoses. Higher occurrences of these conditions did not explain lower CRC-specific 10 years survival rates in inner regional Australia. Conclusion: It is unlikely that health disparities in terms of previously diagnosed conditions account for poorer CRC survival in regional and remote areas. Interventions to improve the health of regional CRC patients may need to target issues unique to socio-economic disadvantage and older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda C Goodwin
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonja March
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counseling, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Ireland
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counseling, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona Crawford-Williams
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu-Kay Ng
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter D Baade
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne K Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, QLD, Australia.,Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne F Aitken
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health Fand Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff Dunn
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Teuscher D, Bukman AJ, van Baak MA, Feskens EJM, Renes RJ, Meershoek A. A lifestyle intervention study targeting individuals with low socioeconomic status of different ethnic origins: important aspects for successful implementation. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:54. [PMID: 28743281 PMCID: PMC5526235 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of the implementation process of trials is important, because the way a study is implemented modifies its outcomes. Furthermore, lessons learned during implementation can inform other researchers on factors that play a role when implementing interventions described in research. This study evaluates the implementation of the MetSLIM study, targeting individuals with low socioeconomic status of different ethnic origins. The MetSLIM study was set up to evaluate the effectiveness of a lifestyle programme on waist circumference and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. The objective of this evaluation was to identify components that were essential for the implementation of the MetSLIM study and to inform other researchers on methodological aspects when working with inadequately reached populations in health research. Methods In this evaluation study the experiences of health professionals, study assistants, a community worker and regional research coordinators involved in the MetSLIM study were explored using semi-structured interviews. Questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ satisfaction with the lifestyle intervention. Results Our analyses show that a flexible recruitment protocol eventually leads to recruitment of sufficient participants; that trust in the recruiter is an important factor in the recruitment of individuals with low socioeconomic status of different ethnic origins; and that health professionals will unavoidably shape the form of intervention activities. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that daily practice and research mutually influence each other and that the results of an intervention are a product of this interaction. Conclusions Health promotion research would benefit from a perspective that sees intervention activities not as fixed entities but rather as social interaction that can take on numerous forms. Analysing and reporting the implementation process of studies, like in this evaluation, will allow readers to get a detailed view on the appropriateness of the (intended) study design and intervention for the targeted population. Evaluation studies that shed light on the reasons for adaptations, rather than describing them as deviation from the original plan, would point out methodological aspects important for a study’s replication. Furthermore, they would show how various factors can influence the implementation, and therewith initiate a learning cycle for the development of future intervention studies. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR3721 (since November 27, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Teuscher
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea J Bukman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen A van Baak
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reint Jan Renes
- Division of Strategic Communication, Wageningen University, P.O Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Meershoek
- CAPHRI, Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Effectiveness of the MetSLIM lifestyle intervention targeting individuals of low socio-economic status and different ethnic origins with elevated waist-to-height ratio. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2617-2628. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the lifestyle intervention MetSLIM targeting individuals of low socio-economic status of Turkish, Moroccan and Dutch origin was successful in improving waist circumference and other cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle behaviour and quality of life.DesignA quasi-experimental intervention study (Netherlands Trial Register NTR3721). The intervention group participated in a 12-month combined dietary and physical activity programme. Examinations were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements and blood withdrawal, and completed questionnaires on dietary intake, physical activity and quality of life.SettingSocio-economically deprived neighbourhoods in two Dutch cities, involving non-blinded ethnicity-matched and gender-matched research assistants, dietitians and sports instructors.SubjectsMainly Turkish (49 %) and Dutch (36 %) subjects, aged 30–70 years, with a waist-to-height ratio of >0·5 (intervention,n117; control,n103). Dropout was 31 %.ResultsAt 12 months, the intervention group showed greater improvements than the control group in waist circumference (β=−3·3 cm, 95 % CI −4·7, −1·8,P<0·001) and other obesity measures. Additionally, greater reductions were observed for total cholesterol (β=−0·33 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·56, −0·10,P=0·005) and LDL cholesterol (β=−0·35 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·56, −0·14,P=0·001). Dietary changes were significant for fibre intake (β=1·5 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), 95 % CI 0·3, 2·7,P=0·016). Compared with the control group, the intervention group reported a decrease in total minutes of physical activity (β=−573 min/week, 95 % CI −1126, −21,P=0·042) and showed improvements in the quality-of-life domains ‘health transition’ and ‘general health’.ConclusionsMetSLIM was shown to be effective in improving waist circumference, total and LDL cholesterol, and quality of life among Dutch and Turkish individuals living in deprived neighbourhoods.
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