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Tufon KA, Meriki HD, Kwenti TE, Tony NJ, Malika E, Bolimo AF, Kouanou YS, Nkuo-Akenji T, Anong DN. HBV Transmission Risk Assessment in Healthcare Workers, Household and Sexual Contacts of HBV Infected Patients in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Oman Med J 2019; 34:313-321. [PMID: 31360320 PMCID: PMC6642709 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known to be highly transmissible via the body fluids of an infected person. We investigated the transmission risks, awareness, and prevalence among healthcare workers (HCWs), household contacts (HHCs), and sexual partners (SPs) of HBV infected individuals. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of HCWs, HBV infected individuals as well as their corresponding HHCs and SPs. Data related to some transmission risks and HBV awareness was obtained from each participant using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from each participant and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e-antigen, and anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc). HBV viral load measurement was done for the HBV infected participants. Results A total of 596 participants were enrolled (127 HCWs, 128 HHCs, 138 SPs, and 203 HBV infected participants). HHCs (odds ratio (OR): 3.85, confidence interval (CI): 1.89–7.81), and SPs (OR: 3.04, CI: 1.51–6.17) were more associated with HBsAg/anti-HBc positivity compared to HCWs. Age, years spent with HBV infected partner, unprotected sex, and marriage were not identified as risk factors for HBV sexual transmission but cohabiting with an HBV infected SP was significantly (p = 0.005) associated with transmission (OR: 3.56, CI: 1.46–8.72). Female HHCs (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.06–5.80) and SPs (OR: 2.64, CI: 0.95–7.30) were more associated with HBsAg/anti-HBc positivity. The mean viral load (log IU) of HBV infected individuals (3.9±2.0) with HBsAg positive SPs was significantly higher than that of HBV infected individuals (2.8±1.0) with HBsAg negative SPs (p < 0.001). Conclusions HHCs and SPs of HBV infected patients are more associated with HBV infection compared to HCWs. Horizontal transmission can as well be implicated among SPs since unprotected sex was not identified as a risk factor for transmission, but cohabitation was. Prompt management and preventive measures could be implemented if HHCs and SPs of HBV infected patients are identified, sensitized, and screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukwah Anthony Tufon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Diagnostic Laboratory, Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Henry Dilonga Meriki
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Diagnostic Laboratory, Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Diagnostic Laboratory, Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nyeke James Tony
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Diagnostic Laboratory, Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Ekeme Malika
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Ayah Flora Bolimo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Diagnostic Laboratory, Buea Regional Hospital, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Theresa Nkuo-Akenji
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Damian Nota Anong
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
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Agbor VN, Tagny CT, Kenmegne JB, Awazi B, Ngansop C, Mbanya D, Ndembi N. Prevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibodies and its co-infection with HIV in rural Cameroon. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:459. [PMID: 29996927 PMCID: PMC6042353 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of the co-infection between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the prevalence of factors associated with HCV transmission in a rural Cameroonian community. Results The mean age of the 174 participants included in the study was 30.3 (standard deviation = 13.26) years (age range 12–77 years). the prevalence of HCV/HIV co-infection was 1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–5.9]. The prevalence of HCV and HIV were 6.3% (95% CI 2.9–10.3) and 6.9 (95% CI 5.2–11.3), respectively. Histories of scarification (62.1%), multiple sex partners (31.0%) and sexually transmitted diseases (66.1%) were the most common risk factors of HCV transmission in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valirie Ndip Agbor
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Claude Tayou Tagny
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jules-Bertrand Kenmegne
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bih Awazi
- Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charlotte Ngansop
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dora Mbanya
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Bigna JJ, Amougou MA, Asangbeh SL, Kenne AM, Noumegni SRN, Ngo-Malabo ET, Noubiap JJ. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015298. [PMID: 28667212 PMCID: PMC5734365 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Better knowledge of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prevalence at the national level can help to implement pertinent strategies to address HBV related burden. The aim was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV infection in Cameroon. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS People residing in Cameroon. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS, African Index Medicus, National Institute of Statistics and National AIDS Control Committee, Cameroon; regardless of language and from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2016. This was completed with a manual search of references of relevant papers. Risk of bias in methodology of studies was measured using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Out of 511 retrieved papers, 44 studies with a total of 105 603 individuals were finally included. The overall pooled seroprevalence was 11.2% (95% CI 9.7% to 12.8%) with high heterogeneity between studies (I2=97.9%). Egger's test showed no publication bias (p=0.167). A sensitivity analysis excluding individuals at high risk of HBV infection and after adjustment using trim and fill method showed a pooled seroprevalence of 10.6% (95% CI 8.6% to 12.6%) among 100 501 individuals (general population, blood donors and pregnant women). Sources of heterogeneity included geographical regions across country and setting (rural 13.3% vs urban 9.0%), and implementation of HBV universal immunisation (born after 9.2% vs born before 0.7%). Sex, site, timing of data collection, HBV screening tools and methodological quality of studies were not sources of heterogeneity. LIMITATION Only a third of the studies had low risk of bias in their methodology. CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of HBV infection in Cameroon is high. Effective strategies to interrupt the transmission of HBV are urgently required. Specific attention is needed for rural settings, certain regions and people born before the implementation of the HBV universal immunisation programme in Cameroon in 2005. REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42016042654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Joel Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie A Amougou
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Serra Lem Asangbeh
- Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Angeladine Malaha Kenne
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Steve Raoul N Noumegni
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Elodie T Ngo-Malabo
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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