1
|
Kang YL, Zheng QX, Chen XQ, Huang YC, Zheng F. Effects of Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration on Pneumonia Occurrence and Course in Infants Up to 6 Months of Age: A Case-Control Study. J Community Health Nurs 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38909288 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2024.2367541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the effects of exclusive breastfeeding duration on the occurrence and course of pneumonia in infants aged up to 6 months. Prospective case-control study. This study was conducted from August 2020 to August 2022 at a maternity and child health hospital in China. A total of 218 infants up to 6 months of age with pneumonia were included in the analyses. Health data were obtained using a hospitalization information system or an interview-based questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. The incidence of pneumonia, hospitalization duration, and costs to participants were significantly affected by the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.01). The incidence of pneumonia among participants with different exclusive breastfeeding durations also differed significantly (p < 0.01). The shorter the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, the higher the incidence of pneumonia among infants. We found that the longer the exclusive breastfeeding duration in infants up to 6 months of age, the lower the recurrence of pneumonia, the shorter the hospital stay, and the lower the hospital costs. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to 6 months of age should be increased as much as possible to reduce the occurrence of pneumonia and hospital costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Kang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - You-Cheng Huang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Nursing Department, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hoyos-Loya E, Pérez Navarro C, Burrola-Méndez S, Hernández-Cordero S, Omaña-Guzmán I, Sachse Aguilera M, Ancira-Moreno M. Barriers to promoting breastfeeding in primary health care in Mexico: a qualitative perspective. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1278280. [PMID: 38264191 PMCID: PMC10803647 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This article aimed to identify the main barriers related to promoting and counseling breastfeeding (BF) at the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Mexico. Methodology A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out in 88 health centers of the Ministry of Health in the states of Chihuahua, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, Mexico, and Yucatan. From September to November 2021, we interviewed 88 key health professionals (HPs) (physicians, nurses, nutritionists, and others) from the PHC of the Ministry of Health in Mexico and 80 parents of children under 5 years old. In addition, nine focus groups were conducted with parents and caregivers. The data obtained were triangulated with information from focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Results Of the total interviews, 43.2% (n = 38) were nurses, 29.5% (n = 26) were physicians, 19.3% (n = 17) were nutritionists, and the rest were other health professionals. In the group of users, 97.6% (n = 121) were women. We identified contextual barriers, such as the lack of well-trained health professionals and the scarcest nutrition professionals, as material resources in the health units, without mentioning the low user attendance at their control consultations. Furthermore, we identified barriers related to the orientation and promotion of breastfeeding in health units, including a lack of specific strategies, ineffective communication, and the recommendations of commercial milk formulas. Conclusion The results presented reflect the reality of Mexico in relation to BF, making it urgent to take immediate action to improve the quality of nutritional care related to the promotion and orientation of BF at the PHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hoyos-Loya
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Pérez Navarro
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Soraya Burrola-Méndez
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Hernández-Cordero
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center for Equitable Development EQUIDE, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Omaña-Guzmán
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica Ancira-Moreno
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Armdie AZ, Ejigu BA, Seme A, Desta S, Yihdego M, Shiferaw S. Magnitude and determinants of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum: evidence from the PMA Ethiopia longitudinal survey. Int Breastfeed J 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38178243 PMCID: PMC10765766 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding are crucial in preventing child morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of these practices, rates of timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding remain suboptimal in many sub-Saharan countries, including Ethiopia. This paper aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify determinants of breastfeeding initiation within the first hour after birth and exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia. METHODS Data from the Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia project, a national survey conducted from August 2019 to September 2020, were used. The analytical sample comprises 2564 postpartum women and their children; data reported at baseline during enrollment and six weeks postpartum were used in this analysis. A multi-level binary logistic regression model was employed to identify determinant factors linked with initiation breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. RESULTS Of the 2564 mothers, 77.8% of infants breastfed within the first hour of birth and 68.4% of women practiced exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum with significant variation across regions. In the multivariate analysis, mothers who had cesarean delivery were less likely to initiate early breastfeeding as compared to mothers with vaginal delivery (AOR 0.27; 95% CI 0.17, 0.41). The odds of early initiation of breastfeeding were higher for mothers whose baby cried immediately after birth (AOR 3.31; 95% CI 1.95, 5.62) and who had skilled assisted delivery (AOR 2.13; 95% CI 1.01, 4.48). Other factors that were significantly associated with early initiation of breastfeeding were obstetric complication(s), parity, immediate mother-to-baby skin-to-skin contact, immediate postnatal care and the region. Similarly, mothers whose babies had a good neonatal birth status (AOR 1.81; 95% CI 1.09, 2.99) were more likely to exclusively breastfeed their child at six weeks postpartum. CONCLUSIONS Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding is sub-optimal in Ethiopia. Nutrition programmers should consider regional variations in designing intervention programs to enhance breastfeeding practices. Healthcare providers should give special attention to women at risk such as those giving birth through cesarean section and having obstetric complications during delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bedilu Alamirie Ejigu
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Seme
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Selamawit Desta
- Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahari Yihdego
- PMA Ethiopia, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Shiferaw
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Larsen UL, Zachariassen G, Möller S, Førre WU, Grøsle I, Halken S, Herskind AM, Strøm T, Toft P, Ellebæk M, Qvist N. Early Pre- and Postoperative Enteral Nutrition and Growth in Infants with Symptomatic Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2023; 33:469-476. [PMID: 36929125 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nutritional support during the neonatal and postoperative period in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is challenging and controversial. We aimed to report on early enteral nutritional support in symptomatic CDH patients during the pre- and postoperative period, including feasibility, associated factors with established full enteral nutrition, and weight at birth, discharge, and 18 months. METHODS We retrospectively collected data on nutrition: type and volume of enteral nutrition and parental support. Enteral feeding was introduced preoperatively from day 1 after birth, increased step-wised (breastmilk preferred), and resumed after CDH repair on the first postoperative day. Baseline data were available from our CDH database. RESULTS From 2011 to 2020, we identified 45 CDH infants. Twenty-two were girls (51.1%), 35 left sided (77.8%), and 40 underwent CDH repair (88.9%). Median (interquartile range) length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit was 14.6 days (6.0-26.5), and 1-year mortality was 17.8%.Postoperatively, 120 and 160 mL/kg/d of enteral nutrition was achieved after a median of 6.5 (3.6-12.6) and 10.6 (7.6-21.7) days, respectively. In total, 31 (68.9%) needed supplemental parenteral nutrition in a median period of 8 days (5-18), and of those 11 had parenteral nutrition initiated before CDH repair. No complications to enteral feeding were reported. CONCLUSION Early enteral nutrition in CDH infants is feasible and may have the potential to reduce the need for parental nutrition and reduce time to full enteral nutrition in the postoperative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Lei Larsen
- Research Unit for the Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gitte Zachariassen
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wilhelmine Ursin Førre
- Research Unit for the Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ingvild Grøsle
- Research Unit for the Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Halken
- H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Maria Herskind
- H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Strøm
- Research Unit for the Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Sønderjylland, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Palle Toft
- Research Unit for the Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark Ellebæk
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Surgery, and Centre of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Diseases and Malformations in Infancy and Childhood (GAIN), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Qvist
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Surgery, and Centre of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Diseases and Malformations in Infancy and Childhood (GAIN), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Relaksana R, Akbar A, Sihaloho ED, Ferdian D, Siregar AY. The financial need of feeding infants for the first six months of life in West Java Province of Indonesia and the implications of socioeconomic and mental health factors. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 37189127 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Indonesia, nearly half of all children aged less than six months were not exclusively breastfed in 2017. This study aimed to compare the cost of providing direct or indirect exclusive breastfeeding 0-6 months, partial exclusive breastfeeding and commercial milk formula only. This study also assessed the maternal socioeconomic and mental health factors to providing exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS Data were collected in 2018 via a cross-sectional survey of 456 mothers in Bandung City and Purwakarta District, West Java Province, Indonesia, who had children aged less than six months. We used micro-costing to calculate the cost of productivity, equipment, supplies, and training of mothers when providing direct exclusive breastfeeding, indirect exclusive breastfeeding, partial exclusive breastfeeding (a mix of breastfeed and commercial milk formula), and infant formula/commercial milk formula only. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact of several independent variables, including mother's level of depression, on exclusive breastfeeding. RESULTS To provide direct exclusive breastfeeding, the cost per mother in the first six months is US$81.08, which is less expensive than indirect exclusive breastfeeding (US$171.15), partial exclusive breastfeeding (US$487.8) and commercial milk formula (US$494.9). We also found that education and age are associated with the decision to provide direct exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers who work will most likely provide indirect exclusive breastfeeding, commercial milk formula, or partial breastfeeding as opposed to direct exclusive breastfeeding. Finally, although severe depression symptoms have a positive relationship with the decision to provide commercial milk formula over direct exclusive breastfeeding, the evidence here is not strong. CONCLUSIONS The total cost of providing only commercial milk formula is 6-times higher than the cost of direct exclusive breastfeeding. The presence of severe depression symptoms is positively related to mothers opting for other feeding methods aside of direct exclusive breastfeeding and indirect exclusive breastfeeding. This study shows that direct exclusive breastfeeding is economically preferable to other methods, supports policies to reduce the time cost of exclusive breastfeeding (e.g., paid maternity leave and maternal cash transfers), and addresses the importance of mother's mental health to ensure successful breastfeeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riki Relaksana
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.
- The Task Force of the Acceleration of Stunting Reduction, The National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Adhadian Akbar
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- West Java Development Institute (INJABAR), Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Estro Dariatno Sihaloho
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dani Ferdian
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Adiatma Ym Siregar
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- West Java Development Institute (INJABAR), Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Center for Health Technology Assessment (CHTA), Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hossain S, Mihrshahi S. Exclusive Breastfeeding and Childhood Morbidity: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14804. [PMID: 36429518 PMCID: PMC9691199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Globally, diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing the risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections are well documented. Optimal breastfeeding may potentially save the lives of about 800,000 children in low-income settings. Despite the evidence, around 63% of infants from birth to 6 months are not exclusively breastfed worldwide. We searched the literature published between 2010 and 2022 in Medline, Embase, and Scopus on the association between exclusive breastfeeding and infectious diseases. We selected and reviewed 70 relevant studies. Our findings expand and confirm the positive association between exclusive breastfeeding and reduced risk of a number of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and other infections in 60 out of 70 studies observed in both low- and high-income settings. Several studies analyzing exclusive breastfeeding duration reported that a longer exclusive breastfeeding duration is protective against many infectious diseases. This review also reported a lack of standardized definition for measuring exclusive breastfeeding in many studies. Overall, the results highlight the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in many studies and suggests reporting exclusive breastfeeding in future studies using a consistent definition to enable better monitoring of exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamer DH, Solomon H, Das G, Knabe T, Beard J, Simon J, Nisar YB, MacLeod WB. Importance of breastfeeding and complementary feeding for management and prevention of childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health 2022; 12:10011. [PMID: 35916658 PMCID: PMC9344980 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early and exclusive breastfeeding have been shown to protect young infants from all-cause and diarrhoea-related mortality. Ideally breastfeeding should be initiated within the first hour of birth. Despite efforts to increase rates of early and exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), challenges with uptake remain. This analysis reviews trends in early and exclusive breastfeeding, and the impact of infant feeding interventions in reducing childhood diarrhoea. Methods We conducted a detailed review of articles written in English between 1990 and 2020 on the impact and efficacy of breastfeeding and complementary feeding on diarrhoea in children aged 0-2 years in LMICs. Using data from 86 countries and all WHO global regions collected from the mid-1980s through 2018 obtained from publicly available Demographic Health Surveys, we assessed trends in five-year intervals of timing of breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, median and mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding. Results The literature search identified ten articles that described variable rates of early initiation of breastfeeding from 20% in Pakistan to 76% in Egypt. An analysis of 288 DHS studies found that the proportion of women who reported initiating breastfeeding within an hour of birth increased from 32% in the early 1990s to 55% between 2016 and 2020. Exclusive breastfeeding increased from 20% in the late 1980s to 48% between 2016 and 2020 and the mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding of 2-to-4-month-old infants doubled. Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding was associated with reductions in diarrhoea prevalence in the South East Asian, Western Pacific, Eastern Mediterranean, and African regions. Eight studies evaluating the effectiveness of different maternal education interventions, health care worker training, and media campaigns demonstrated improvements in exclusive breastfeeding, and most resulted in reductions in the incidence or duration of diarrhoea. Conclusions During the last two decades, early and exclusive breastfeeding have increased. Nevertheless, the uptake of this basic, low-cost intervention remains suboptimal across all global regions. Given the potential benefits the in reduction of diarrhoea and diarrhoea-associated mortality, interventions for improving the uptake of early and exclusive breastfeeding in different sociological contexts need to be designed, implemented, and evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davidson H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiwote Solomon
- Doctor of Public Health Program, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gopika Das
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanner Knabe
- College of Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Beard
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jon Simon
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yasir B Nisar
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William B MacLeod
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prevalence of Diarrhea, Feeding Practice, and Associated Factors among Children under Five Years in Bereh District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2022; 2022:4139648. [PMID: 35754527 PMCID: PMC9232332 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4139648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheal disease is a major public health problem among under-five children globally. In Ethiopia, it is the second cause of hospital admission and death among children under five years. Objectives To assess the prevalence of diarrhea, feeding practice, and associated factors among children under five years in Bereh District, Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfine, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children less than 5 years old in Bereh District from May 15 to 29, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select a total of 455 study participants. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the prevalence of diarrhea as well as to summarize other study variables. A binary logistic regression model with an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare the associated factors with childhood diarrhea. Results The prevalence of diarrhea was 17.3% in the past 15 days preceding the study period. About 53.4% of the mothers/caregivers were engaged in poor child feeding practices. Age of children [AOR = 9.146, 95% CI (2.055, 40.707)], birth order [AOR = 0.137, 95% CI (0.057, 0.329)], total family size [AOR: 5.042, 95% CI (2.326, 10.931)], not EBF [AOR: 4.723, 95% CI (1.166, 19.134)], prepare child foods separately [AOR: 0.252, 95% CI (0.091, 0.701)], feeding child immediately after cooking, handwashing method, and source of drinking water were significantly associated with under-five diarrhea. Conclusions The prevalence of diarrhea among children under five is high. More than half of the participants were engaged in poor IYCF practice. Action targeting the factors associated with diarrhea should be taken to improve under-five child's health.
Collapse
|
9
|
Demir A, Özdemir Karadas N, Karadas U. Effect of Breastfeeding and Preterm Births on the Severity of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and Associated Risk of Hospitalization in Infants and Toddlers. Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221089762. [PMID: 35747896 PMCID: PMC9210102 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221089762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of duration of breastfeeding and history of prematurity on the duration of hospitalization in infants with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) because these may reflect the severity of illness as well as sizable direct and indirect healthcare costs. One hundred twenty-five patients (49 girls, 76 boys; aged 1-24 months) were hospitalized for LRTI during a period of 102 days and studied prospectively. We found a significant difference ( P = .045) between the durations of hospitalization of the 92 patients breastfed for at least six months, compared to the other group of 33 patients who were breastfed for less than six months. The durations of hospitalization among the groups with and without a history of prematurity were not statistically different ( P = .78). A history of breastfeeding for more than six months had significant effect on the duration of hospitalization, but this was not true for children with a history of preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- And Demir
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ulas Karadas
- Dr. Behçet Uz Children’s Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Determinantes sociais de saúde e autoeficácia de mães/cuidadores para prevenção da diarreia. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2021. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2021ao000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
11
|
Wangdi K, Penjor K, Tsheten T, Tshering C, Gething P, Gray DJ, Clements ACA. Spatio-temporal patterns of childhood pneumonia in Bhutan: a Bayesian analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20422. [PMID: 34650108 PMCID: PMC8516968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the top 10 diseases by morbidity in Bhutan. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal trends and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in Bhutan. A multivariable Zero-inflated Poisson regression model using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation was undertaken to quantify associations of age, sex, altitude, rainfall, maximum temperature and relative humidity with monthly pneumonia incidence and to identify the underlying spatial structure of the data. Overall childhood pneumonia incidence was 143.57 and 10.01 per 1000 persons over 108 months of observation in children aged < 5 years and 5–14 years, respectively. Children < 5 years or male sex were more likely to develop pneumonia than those 5–14 years and females. Each 1 °C increase in maximum temperature was associated with a 1.3% (95% (credible interval [CrI] 1.27%, 1.4%) increase in pneumonia cases. Each 10% increase in relative humidity was associated with a 1.2% (95% CrI 1.1%, 1.4%) reduction in the incidence of pneumonia. Pneumonia decreased by 0.3% (CrI 0.26%, 0.34%) every month. There was no statistical spatial clustering after accounting for the covariates. Seasonality and spatial heterogeneity can partly be explained by the association of pneumonia risk to climatic factors including maximum temperature and relative humidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Kinley Penjor
- Vector-Borne Diseases Control Programme, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Tsheten Tsheten
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Chachu Tshering
- Child Health Program, Communicable Diseases Division, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Peter Gething
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Doma H, Tran TD, Tran T, Hanieh S, Tran H, Nguyen T, Biggs BA, Fisher J. Continuing breastfeeding for at least two years after birth in rural Vietnam: prevalence and psychosocial characteristics. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:78. [PMID: 34641917 PMCID: PMC8507108 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding for at least two years (24 months or more) after birth. In Vietnam, 22% of women continue breastfeeding for at least two years. The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of mother-baby dyads associated with breastfeeding for 24 months or more in a rural setting in Vietnam. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted on existing data obtained from a prospective study in Ha Nam, Vietnam. Women were recruited when they were pregnant and were followed up until 36 months after giving birth. The data were collected between 2009 and 2011. The associations between sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics and continued breastfeeding for 24 months or more were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Overall, 363 women provided complete data which were included in the analyses. Among those, 20.9% breastfed for 24 months or more. Women who were 31 years old or older were more likely to breastfeed for 24 months or more than women who were 20 years old or younger (adjusted odds ratio, AOR, 9.54 [95% CI 2.25, 40.47]). Women who gave birth to girls were less likely to breastfeed for 24 or more months than women who had boys (AOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.25, 0.80). Conclusions This study provides evidence that may be useful for policy-makers to help improve breastfeeding practices for all children in Vietnam by targeting policy towards younger women and women with girls to promote continued breastfeeding for at least 24 months. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-021-00427-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemavarni Doma
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Thach Duc Tran
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Research and Training Centre for Community Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Tran
- Research and Training Centre for Community Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sarah Hanieh
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ha Tran
- Research and Training Centre for Community Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Research and Training Centre for Community Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Beverley-Ann Biggs
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women's Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mulatu T, Yimer NB, Alemnew B, Linger M, Liben ML. Exclusive breastfeeding lowers the odds of childhood diarrhea and other medical conditions: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:166. [PMID: 34344434 PMCID: PMC8335997 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of infant life contributes to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association of exclusive breastfeeding and childhood illnesses in Ethiopia. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS A total of 1034 mother-infant pairs were included in the analysis. The overall magnitude of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged under 6 months was 87.6% (95% CI: 84.3-90.3%). Compared to infants who were non-exclusively breastfed, the odds of having an illness with fever in the last 2 weeks among infants who were exclusively breastfed decreased by 66% (AOR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.75). Similarly, exclusively breastfed infants had lower odds of having an illness with a cough (AOR: 0.38; CI: 0.20, 0.72) and having diarrhea (AOR: 0.33; CI: 0.13, 0.83) compared to non-exclusively breastfed infants. CONCLUSION Exclusive breastfeeding lowers the odds of an illness with fever, illness with cough and diarrhea. The findings of this study implicate the need for promotion of exclusive breastfeeding in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tesfahun Mulatu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, P.o.box: 400, Woldia University, Weldiya, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Nigus Bililign Yimer
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Alemnew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Linger
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, P.o.box: 400, Woldia University, Weldiya, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Misgan Legesse Liben
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, P.o.box: 400, Woldia University, Weldiya, Amhara, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsegaw SA, Dawed YA, Amsalu ET. Individual level and community level factors affecting exclusive breast feeding among infants under-six months in Ethiopia using multilevel analysis. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:106. [PMID: 33952331 PMCID: PMC8097771 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the safest and healthiest option of feeding among infants in the first 6 months throughout the world. Thus, promotion of EBF is essential to prevent complex infant health problems even at the adulthood level. But majority of previous studies focused on individual level determinants of EBF by using basic regression models in localized areas. This study aims to identify individual level and community level determinants of EBF which would be helpful to design appropriate strategies in reducing infant mortality and morbidity. METHODS It is a secondary data analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of 1185 infants under 6 months of age were included in the analysis. Multilevel logistic regression model was employed to investigate factors significantly associated with EBF among under-six month's infants in Ethiopia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the association of variables whereas Intra cluster correlation (ICC), median odds ratio (MOR), and proportional change in variance (PCV) were used to measure random effects (variation). RESULT In multilevel logistic regression; 4-5 months age infant (AOR = 0.04, 95%CI:0.02-0.07), female infants (AOR = 2.51, 95%CI:1.61-3.91), infant comorbidities (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21-0.57), household wealth index (AOR = 10.34, 95%CI: 3.14-34.03) and antenatal care (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI:1.32-3.82) were determinants of EBF at individual level. Whereas, contextual region (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10-0.87), community level of postnatal visit (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.26-6.58) and community level of maternal employment (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.21-6.47) were determinants of EBF at community level. The full model showed up with higher PCV; that is, 46.8% of variation of exclusive breastfeeding was explained by the combined factors at the individual and community levels. Similarly, it showed that the variation in EBF across communities remained statistically significant (ICC = 8.77% and variance = 0.32 with P < 0.001). The MOR at final model indicates there was significant cluster difference for EBF indicating the heterogeneity was explained by both individual and community level factors. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Our study showed that both individual and community level determinants were significantly associated with EBF practice. Based on our findings it is strongly recommended to promote and enhance antenatal and postnatal care services utilization of mothers and more emphasis should be given for infants with comorbid conditions and those who live in the pastoralist regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeshimebet Ali Dawed
- Department of Nutrition, school of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ofman G, Pradarelli B, Caballero MT, Bianchi A, Grimaldi LA, Sancilio A, Duenas K, Rodriguez A, Ferrero F, Ferretti A, Coviello S, Ferolla FM, Acosta PL, Bergel E, Libster R, Polack FP. Respiratory Failure and Death in Vulnerable Premature Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Illness. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1129-1137. [PMID: 32006428 PMCID: PMC7459133 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Efforts to better understand the risk factors associated with respiratory failure (RF) and fatal lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in premature children in developing countries are necessary to elaborate evidenced-based preventive interventions. We aim to characterize the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) LRTI in premature children and determine risk factors for RF and fatal illness in a vulnerable population. Methods This is a prospective, population-based, cross-sectional study. Subjects with severe LRTI were enrolled during respiratory season. Risk factors for RF and death in premature infants were investigated. Results A total of 664 premature children participated. Infant’s hospitalization rate due to LRTI was 82.6/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.6–96.7/1000). Infant’s RSV and hMPV rates were 40.9/1000 (95% CI, 36.3–45.6/1000) and 6.6/1000 (95% CI, 3.9–9.2/1000), respectively. The RF rate was 8.2/1000 (95% CI, 4.9–11.5/1000). The LRTI mortality was 2.2/1000 (95% CI, 0.7–3.7/1000); for RSV, the rate was 0.8/1000 (95% CI, 0–1.7/1000) with a case-fatality ratio of 1.8%. Never breastfeeding, malnutrition, younger than 6 months, congenital heart disease, and lower hematocrit were risk factors for RF. Experiencing pneumonia, pneumothorax, sepsis, or apnea were clinical determinants of poor outcomes. Conclusions Premature children under 2 years old in vulnerable environments experience RF and death more often than term counterparts. Modifiable risk factors associated with poor outcomes should prompt evidence-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauricio T Caballero
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Andrea Sancilio
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Evita" de Lanus, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Duenas
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Evita" de Lanus, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Rodriguez
- Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Descentralizado "Evita Pueblo" de Berazategui, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Ferrero
- Hospital General de Niños "Pedro de Elizalde", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Romina Libster
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tsegaw SA, Ali Dawed Y, Tadesse Amsalu E. Exploring the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among infants under-six months in Ethiopia using multilevel analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245034. [PMID: 33439886 PMCID: PMC7806157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the safest and healthiest option of feeding among infants in the first 6 months throughout the world. Thus, the promotion of EBF is essential to prevent complex infant health problems even at the adulthood level. But the majority of previous studies focused on individual- level determinants of EBF by using basic regression models in localized areas. This study aimed to identify the determinants of EBF at the individual and community level which would be helpful to design appropriate strategies for improving the practice of EBF. METHODS It is a secondary data analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of 1185 infants under 6 months of age were included in the analysis. A Multilevel logistic regression model was employed to investigate factors significantly associated with EBF among under-six infants in Ethiopia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the association of variables whereas Intracluster correlation (ICC), median odds ratio (MOR), and proportional change in variance (PCV) were used to measure random effects (variation). RESULT In multilevel logistic regression; 4-5 months age infant (AOR = 0.04, 95%CI:0.02-0.07), female infants (AOR = 2.51, 95%CI:1.61-3.91), infant comorbidities (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21-0.57), richest household wealth index (AOR = 10.34, 95%CI: 3.14-34.03) and antenatal care (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI:1.32-3.82) were individual- level determinants significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Whereas, contextual region (AOR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.10-0.87), community- level of postnatal visit (AOR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.26-6.58) and community -level of maternal employment (AOR = 2.8, 95%CI: 1.21-6.47) were community level determinants significantly associated with EBF. The full model showed that46.8% of the variation of exclusive breastfeeding was explained by the combined factors at the individual and community levels. Similarly, it showed that the variation in exclusive breastfeeding across communities remained statistically significant (ICC = 8.77% and variance = 0.32 with P<0.001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Our study showed that both individual and community level determinants were significantly associated with EBF practice among under 6 infants. Based on our findings, it is recommended to promote and enhance antenatal and postnatal care services utilization of mothers to improve exclusive breastfeeding practice and more emphasis should be given to infants with comorbid conditions and those who were living in the pastoralist regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeshimebet Ali Dawed
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Do CHT, Børresen ML, Pedersen FK, Geskus RB, Kruse AY. Rates of rehospitalisation in the first 2 years among preterm infants discharged from the NICU of a tertiary children hospital in Vietnam: a follow-up study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036484. [PMID: 33020086 PMCID: PMC7537446 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics of rehospitalisation in Vietnamese preterm infants and to examine the time-to-first-readmission between two gestational age (GA) groups (extremely/very preterm (EVP) vs moderate/late preterm (MLP)); and further to compare rehospitalisation rates according to GA and corrected age (CA), and to examine the association between potential risk factors and rehospitalisation rates. DESIGN AND SETTING A cohort study to follow up preterm infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary children's hospital in Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS All preterm newborns admitted to the NICU from July 2013 to September 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES Rates, durations and causes of hospital admission during the first 2 years. RESULTS Of 294 preterm infants admitted to NICU (all outborn, GA ranged from 26 to 36 weeks), 255 were discharged alive, and 211 (83%) NICU graduates were followed up at least once during the first 2 years CA, of whom 56% were hospital readmitted. The median (IQR) of hospital stay was 7 (6-10) days. Respiratory diseases were the major cause (70%). Compared with MLP infants, EVP infants had a higher risk of first rehospitalisation within the first 6 months of age (p=0.01). However, the difference in risk declined thereafter and was similar from 20 months of age. There was an interaction in rehospitalisation rates between GA and CA. Longer duration of neonatal respiratory support and having older siblings were associated with higher rehospitalisation rates. Lower rates of rehospitalisation were seen in infants with higher cognitive and motor scores (not statistically significant in cognitive scores). CONCLUSIONS Hospital readmission of Vietnamese preterm infants discharged from NICU was frequent during their first 2 years, mainly due to respiratory diseases. Scale-up of follow-up programmes for preterm infants is needed in low-income and middle-income countries and attempts to prevent respiratory diseases should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuong Huu Thieu Do
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ronald Bertus Geskus
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Delelegn MW, Endalamaw A, Belay GM. <p>Determinants of Acute Diarrhea Among Children Under-Five in Northeast Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study</p>. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2020; 11:323-333. [PMID: 32982540 PMCID: PMC7490045 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s256309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheal disease is the second leading causes of death among under-five children. Most of the death due to diarrhea is reporting in developing countries. To prevent this highly prevalent problem, identifying the contributing factors across different settings is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of acute diarrhea among under-five children in the Northeast part of Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among 306 under-five children from March to April 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Data were collected by face to face interviews using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-info 7 and analyzed with SPSS version 20.0. We applied logistic regression analysis. Those variables with p-value <0.05 were significant determinants of acute diarrhea. Results Improper child’s stool disposal [AOR=4.12; 95% CI (1.25,13.5)], absence of home-based water treatment [AOR=2.85; 95% CI (1.27,6.42)], did not wash hand at critical times [AOR=5.47; 95% CI (1.68,17.8)], did not practice exclusive breastfeed [AOR=3.32; 95% CI (1.21,9.14], unable to get counseling from health professionals [AOR= 3.23; 95%,CI (1.15,13.5)], provide left over food to the child [AOR=2.96; 95% CI (1.19,7.32)], and maternal diarrhea [AOR=6.06; 95% CI (2.42,15.22)] were determinants of acute diarrhea among under five children. Conclusion Most of the determinants of acute diarrhea could be preventable. Thus, collaborative intervention by emphasizing health education about the importance of personal and environmental hygiene, safe food handling, exclusive breastfeeding practice, and home-based water treatment are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mekdess Wesenyeleh Delelegn
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Aklilu Endalamaw Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaTel +251 945842524 Email
| | - Getaneh Mulualem Belay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Taylor A, Chowdhury S, Gao Z, Van Nguyen H, Midodzi W, Gill N, Halfyard B, Newhook LAA, Twells L. Infant feeding mode predicts the costs of healthcare services in one region of Canada: a data linkage pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:385. [PMID: 32799916 PMCID: PMC7429700 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to perform a pilot study evaluating the differences in healthcare service use and its associated costs by infant feeding mode in an infant's first year of life. Data from a prospective cohort study and administrative databases were linked to examine healthcare use in healthy full term infants (N = 160). Exposure was categorized as exclusively breastfed, mixed fed and exclusively formula fed. Outcomes included hospitalizations, emergency room and physician visits. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear modelling were performed. RESULTS Overall $315,235 was spent on healthcare service use for the sample of infants during their first year of life. When compared to exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and exclusive formula feeding were found to be significant predictors of total healthcare service use costs (p < 0.05), driven by costs of hospital admissions. Due to the human and economic burden associated with not breastfeeding, policies and programs that support and encourage breastfeeding should be priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Taylor
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Sharmeen Chowdhury
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Hai Van Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - William Midodzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Nicole Gill
- Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Health Information, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Beth Halfyard
- Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Health Information, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Laurie Twells
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sah BNP, Lueangsakulthai J, Kim BJ, Hauser BR, Woo Y, Olyaei A, Aloia M, O'Connor A, Scottoline B, Pastey MK, Dallas DC. Partial Degradation of Recombinant Antibody Functional Activity During Infant Gastrointestinal Digestion: Implications for Oral Antibody Supplementation. Front Nutr 2020; 7:130. [PMID: 32923453 PMCID: PMC7456970 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of engineered immunoglobulins has the potential to prevent enteric pathogen-induced diarrhea in infants. To prevent infection, these antibodies need to survive functionally intact in the proteolytic environment of the gastrointestinal tract. This research examined both ex vivo and in vivo the functional survival across infant digestion of palivizumab, a model FDA-approved recombinant antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein. Palivizumab-fortified feed (formula or human milk), infant gastric, and intestinal samples were incubated to simulate in vivo digestion (ex vivo digestion). Palivizumab-fortified human milk was also fed to infants, followed by collection of gastric and intestinal samples (in vivo digestion). Palivizumab was purified from the samples of digestate using protein G spin columns followed by filtration through molecular weight cut-off membranes (30 kDa). Palivizumab functional survival across ex vivo and in vivo digestion was determined via an anti-idiotype ELISA and an RSV plaque reduction neutralization test. Palivizumab concentration and RSV neutralization capacity both decreased when incubated in intestinal samples (ex vivo study). The concentration and neutralization activity of orally-supplemented palivizumab also decreased across infant digestion (in vivo study). These results indicate that if recombinant IgGs were selected for oral supplementation to prevent enteric infections, appropriate dosing would need to account for degradation occurring in the digestive system. Other antibody formats, structural changes, or encapsulation could enhance survival in the infant gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baidya Nath P Sah
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jiraporn Lueangsakulthai
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Benjamin R Hauser
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Yeonhee Woo
- Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amy Olyaei
- Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Molly Aloia
- Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ann O'Connor
- Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manoj K Pastey
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - David C Dallas
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Association between birth attendant and early newborn care in Senegal. Midwifery 2020; 90:102804. [PMID: 32721638 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between type of birth attendant and early newborn care in Senegal. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2017 Continuous Demographic and Health Survey. PARTICIPANTS The study included data on 6328 women with live births in the three years preceding the survey. MEASUREMENTS The main exposure was the type of birth attendant (doctor, nurse/midwife, auxiliary midwife/matrone, traditional birth attendant, or "others (friend, relative, or no one)). We assessed three outcomes: 1) early initiation of breastfeeding, 2) breastfeeding support, and 3) cord examination. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of early newborn care after adjusting for potential confounders. FINDINGS The coverage of all three newborn care indicators of interest was low. In the adjusted regression models, women whose births were assisted by a nurse/midwife were nearly twice as likely to initiate breastfeeding early compared to those assisted by doctors (odds ratio: 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-3.45). Women assisted at birth by doctors were significantly more likely to report breastfeeding support and newborn cord examination than those assisted by other types of birth attendants. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Although most recent births were facility-based and assisted by skilled birth attendants, the prevalence of early newborn care was suboptimal. This presents a missed opportunity to improve neonatal outcomes. Training and supporting skilled birth attendants may bridge the gap between opportunity and practice, and lead to improved coverage and quality of newborn care in Senegal.
Collapse
|
22
|
Manyeh AK, Amu A, Akpakli DE, Williams JE, Gyapong M. Estimating the rate and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among rural mothers in Southern Ghana. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:7. [PMID: 32033567 PMCID: PMC7006185 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-0253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding practices in both the short and long term accrue to breastfed infants, mothers, families and the society at large. Despite the evidence of these benefits and adoption of various World Health Organization (WHO) strategies on promotion of exclusive breastfeeding by Ghana, the increase in the rate of exclusive breastfeeding has been very slow in the country. This study aimed to estimate the rate and investigate socio-economic and demographic determinants of 6 months exclusive breastfeeding in two rural districts in Southern Ghana. METHODS Pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, demographic and socioeconomic information of 1870 women who were prospectively registered by the Dodowa Health and Demographic Surveillance System and gave birth between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2013 was extracted. The proportion of 6 months exclusive breastfeeding among the study participants was estimated and the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables were explored using logistics regression model at 95% confidence level. RESULTS The proportion of mothers who exclusive breastfed for 6 months in the study was 71.0%. Mothers aged 25-29 and 30 + years are 93 and 91% respectively more likely to practice 6 months exclusive breastfeeding compared to those aged < 20 years (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.25, 2.99, OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.91, 3.08). The odds of artisan mothers practicing 6 months exclusive breastfeeding is 36% less likely compared to those unemployed (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43, 0.96). There is a higher chance that 45% of mothers with a household size of more than five members to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared to those with household size of less than six (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.16, 1.81). Women in the fishing district were 85% less likely to practice 6 months exclusive breastfeeding compared to those in farming district (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.12, 0.20). CONCLUSION There is high rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the study area. Maternal age, type of occupation, household size and district of residence are determinants of 6 months exclusive breastfeeding among the study participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Kwesi Manyeh
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown, South Africa
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region Ghana
| | - Alberta Amu
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
- Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Etsey Akpakli
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
- Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - John E. Williams
- Dodowa Health Research Centre, Dodowa, Ghana
- Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Margaret Gyapong
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luong LTM, Dang TN, Thanh Huong NT, Phung D, Tran LK, Van Dung D, Thai PK. Particulate air pollution in Ho Chi Minh city and risk of hospital admission for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among young children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113424. [PMID: 31672367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of air pollutants in Vietnam, especially particulate matters including PM2.5, can be important risk factors for respiratory diseases among children of the country. However, few studies on the effects of ambient air pollution on human health have been conducted in Vietnam so far. The aim of this study is to examine the association between PM2.5 and hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among children aged < 5 years old in Ho Chi Minh city, the largest city of Vietnam. Data relating PM2.5 and hospital admission were collected from February 2016-December 2017 and a time series regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between PM2.5 and hospital admission including the delayed effect up to three days prior to the admission. We found that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 3.51 (95%CI: 0.96-6.12) risk of ALRI admission among children. According to the analysis, male children are more sensitive to exposure to PM2.5 than females, while children exposed to PM2.5 are more likely to be infected with acute bronchiolitis than with pneumonia. The study demonstrated that young children in HCMC are at increased risk of ALRI admissions due to the high level of PM2.5 concentration in the city's ambient air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Mai Luong
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Ngoc Dang
- The Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Viet Nam; Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Long K Tran
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Do Van Dung
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nguyen P, Binns CW, Ha AVV, Chu TK, Nguyen LC, Duong DV, Do DV, Lee AH. Prelacteal and early formula feeding increase risk of infant hospitalisation: a prospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:122-126. [PMID: 31523040 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-316937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the relationship between prelacteal feeding, early formula feeding and adverse health outcomes, especially hospitalisation during the first year of life. DESIGN Multicentre prospective cohort study. SETTING Six hospitals across three cities in Vietnam. PATIENTS A total of 2030 pregnant women were recruited at 24-28 weeks of gestation and followed up at hospital discharge, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post partum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of infant hospitalisation, diarrhoea and lower respiratory tract infection during the first 12 months. RESULTS For the final complete sample (n=1709, 84%), about one-quarter of the infants experienced diarrhoea (25.5%) or were admitted to hospital with at least one episode (24.8%), and almost half (47.6%) the cohort contracted lower respiratory tract infection by 12 months. The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was high (56.5%) while formula feeding was common (79.5%) before hospital discharge, both of which increased the risks of adverse health outcomes particularly hospitalisation by approximately 1.5-fold, with adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.09 to 1.88) and 1.48 (1.07 to 2.05), respectively for these infants by 12 months, when compared with others who were exclusively breast fed. CONCLUSIONS Prelacteal feeding and early formula feeding before hospital discharge are associated with higher risks of infection and hospital admission in Vietnamese infants. Support for exclusive breast feeding should be provided to mothers to avoid the adverse consequences of giving formula milk and prelateal foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phung Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam .,School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anh Vo Van Ha
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan Khac Chu
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong Medical University, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Luat Cong Nguyen
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,National Immunization Program, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dat Van Duong
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dung Van Do
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee MK, Binns C. Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:E186. [PMID: 31888064 PMCID: PMC6981475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infancy remains the most vulnerable period of human life for death, illness, and establishing a lifetime trajectory of growth and health. It is estimated that there are 5.3 million deaths under five years of age worldwide and approximately 800,000 lives could be saved by improving breastfeeding rates and duration. In Asia, an estimated 300,000-350,000 child deaths could be prevented with optimal breastfeeding and the majority would be under 12 months of age. We present a systematic review of studies of infection and breastfeeding in infants in Asia and further review interactions of selected infectious diseases and breastfeeding. Initially, 2459 records of possible interest were identified, 153 full text papers were reviewed in detail, and 13 papers describing diarrhoeal disease and/or acute respiratory tract infection were selected for inclusion in the review. Additional papers were selected to discuss specific diseases and their relationship to breastfeeding. The review found that a variety of methods were used with differing definitions of breastfeeding and diseases. Overall, breastfeeding when compared to the use of infant formula, is associated with significantly lower rates of diarrhoeal disease and lower respiratory tract infection, with a reduction of 50% or more to be expected, especially in infants under six months of age. The relationship between breastfeeding and specific diseases including measles and HTLV1 were reviewed. Breastfeeding reduces some disease rates, but there remain a few conditions where breastfeeding may be contra-indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Lee
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Colin Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ezeh OK, Ogbo FA, Stevens GJ, Tannous WK, Uchechukwu OL, Ghimire PR, Agho KE. Factors Associated with the Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112765. [PMID: 31739498 PMCID: PMC6893771 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) within one hour after birth enhanced mother–newborn bonding and protection against infectious diseases. This paper aimed to examine factors associated with EIBF in 13 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). A weighted sample of 76,934 children aged 0–23 months from the recent Demographic and Health Survey dataset in the ECOWAS for the period 2010 to 2018 was pooled. Survey logistic regression analyses, adjusting for country-specific cluster and population-level weights, were used to determine the factors associated with EIBF. The overall combined rate of EIBF in ECOWAS was 43%. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, EIBF was significantly lower in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal. Mothers who perceived their babies to be average and large at birth were significantly more likely to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth than those mothers who perceived their babies to be small at birth. Mothers who had a caesarean delivery (AOR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.22–0.36), who did not attend antenatal visits (ANC) during pregnancy, and delivered by non-health professionals were more likely to delay initiation of breastfeeding beyond one hour after birth. Male children and mothers from poorer households were more likely to delay introduction of breastfeeding. Infant and young child feeding nutrition programs aimed at improving EIBF in ECOWAS need to target mothers who underutilize healthcare services, especially mothers from lower socioeconomic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osita Kingsley Ezeh
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia; (O.K.E.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia;
| | - Garry John Stevens
- Humanitarian and Development Research Initiative (HADRI), School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Wadad Kathy Tannous
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Osuagwu Levi Uchechukwu
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Pramesh Raj Ghimire
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia; (O.K.E.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia; (O.K.E.); (P.R.G.)
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-46203635
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bakar A, Rohma EF, Kurnia ID, Qomariah SN. Exclusive Breastfeeding Associated with the Reduction of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Toddlers with High-Risk Factors. JURNAL NERS 2019. [DOI: 10.20473/jn.v13i2.10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) is a disease that is the primary cause of death, especially in children. Toddlers can be prevented from developing ARI with increased immunity. Giving breast milk can increase children's immunity, but there are still children who experience ARI. This study aimed to explain the differences in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) events in toddlers who are exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed.Methods: The research design used was descriptive-comparative with a retrospective design. The population in this study were all children one to three years of age. A sample of 158 toddlers was recruited by a purposive sampling technique. Data retrieval was done with the criteria that the child had visited a public health centre (puskesmas) or integrated health care service post (posyandu), and does not suffer from a disease such as asthma or have any allergies. The variables were measured using a questionnaire and observation sheet. Data analysis was done by a chi-square test and binary logistic regression.Results: The results showed that there were differences in ARI incidence in toddlers (one to three years) who were exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed with a value of p = 0.003. The air pollution factor proved to be significant, dominantly affecting the incidence of ARI.Conclusion: Differences in ARI incidence in toddlers who are exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed is possible due to air pollution factors. Key implications for nursing practice from this research are improving services, and prevent the occurrence of ARI.
Collapse
|
28
|
Pandolfi E, Gesualdo F, Rizzo C, Carloni E, Villani A, Concato C, Linardos G, Russo L, Ferretti B, Campagna I, Tozzi A. Breastfeeding and Respiratory Infections in the First 6 Months of Life: A Case Control Study. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31106183 PMCID: PMC6492465 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral respiratory tract infections (VRI) are a major reason for hospitalization in children younger than 5 years. A case control study was conducted to investigate the potential role of breastfeeding in protecting children <1 year of age from VRI. Methods: Patients admitted for a respiratory tract infections routinely underwent a nasopharyngeal aspirate, which was tested with an RT-PCR for 14 respiratory viruses. Hospitalized infants positive for viruses were enrolled as cases; healthy controls were enrolled among patients admitted for ultrasound hip screening. The effect of breastfeeding on pertussis was investigated through multivariable analysis. Results: We enrolled a total of 496 patients: 238 cases and 258 healthy controls. Among cases, eighty-six patients (36.1%) had a rinovirus, 78 (32.8%) an RSV, 22 (9.2%) an adenovirus, and 37 (15.5%) a coinfections with multiple viruses. The number of households was significantly higher in cases (mean in cases 4.5; mean 3.7 in controls, p < 0.001) and the proportion of infants having siblings (79% in cases vs. 43% in controls, p < 0.001). Proportion of smoking mothers was higher in cases than in controls (21.4 vs. 10.1%, p = 0.001). Among cases 44.5% were exclusively breastfed at symptoms onset vs. 48.8% of healthy controls. According to the multivariable analysis, being exclusively breastfed at symptom onset was associated with a higher risk of viral respiratory infection (3.7; 95% CI 1.64-8.41), however a longer breastfeeding duration was protective (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99). Also having at least one sibling was associated to a higher risk (OR 3.6; 95% CI 2.14-5.92) as well as having a smoking mother (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.33-4.89). Conclusions: Breastfeeding remains a mainstay of prevention for numerous diseases and its protective role increases with duration. However, being breastfed when mothers carry a respiratory infection may increase the risk of transmission, acting as a proxy for closer contacts. In future studies, potential confounding variables as pattern of contacts with other individuals, should be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gesualdo
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Rizzo
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Carloni
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Concato
- Virology Unit, Laboratory Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Linardos
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Russo
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ferretti
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campagna
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Tozzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barbosa GEF, Pereira JM, Soares MS, Pereira LB, Pinho L, Caldeira AP. Initial difficulties with breastfeeding technique and the impact on duration of exclusive breastfeeding. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042018000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of initial difficulties in breastfeeding on duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: a prospective study with follow up of nursing mothers and their babies in the first six months of age. The studied population was randomly selected among the Brazilian public health system (SUS, Portuguese acronym) users in three hospitals. The breastfeeding observation protocol was used to collect initial data, which also included socio-demographic, prenatal assistance, delivery care, the postpartum period and the newborn variables. After hospital discharge, data were collected by phone. The multiple regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results: 175 mother-baby binomials were followed. Problems with breasts during the postpartum hospital stay (p= 0.030; OR=2.38; CI95%=1.02-5.48), maternal work outside home (p=0.027; OR=2.12; CI95%=1.03-4.31) and low maternal schooling level (p=0.017; OR=2.13; CI95%=1.10-4.06) were shown to be associated with the early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding before the child has completed 6 months of age. A family income lower than one minimum wage was a protective factor (p=0.048; OR=0.42; CI95%=0.17-0.97). Conclusions: socioeconomic aspects and difficulties in breastfeeding associated with problems with the puerperal breasts stood out as factors which restrict the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hassan AA, Taha Z, Ahmed MAA, Ali AAA, Adam I. Assessment of initiation of breastfeeding practice in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: a community-based study. Int Breastfeed J 2018; 13:34. [PMID: 30065774 PMCID: PMC6060461 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-018-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth with the objective of saving children’s lives. There are few published research papers about factors associated with the initiation of breastfeeding in Sudan. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with the timely initiation of breastfeeding among mothers with children two years and under in Kassala, Eastern Sudan. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to March 2017. Mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results A total of 250 mother-child pairs participated in the study. The mean (standard deviation) of maternal age and children’s age was 27.1 (5.68) years and 11.9 (6.9) months, respectively. Of the 250 mothers, 218 (87.2%) initiated breastfeeding within the first hour. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the delay of breastfeeding initiation were having a male baby (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 3.90, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]1.33, 11.47), and mothers with medical disorders (AOR 5.07, 95% CI 1.22, 21.16). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding. An association with delayed initiation of breastfeeding was found amongst mothers who had medical disorders and those who had a male infant. Wherever possible, early initiation of breastfeeding should be promoted for all infants, regardless of gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hassan
- 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Zainab Taha
- 2College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Ishag Adam
- 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Webb C, Cabada MM. A Review on Prevention Interventions to Decrease Diarrheal Diseases’ Burden in Children. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-018-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Siregar AYM, Pitriyan P, Walters D. The annual cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia: the economic burden of treating diarrhea and respiratory disease among children (< 24mo) due to not breastfeeding according to recommendation. Int Breastfeed J 2018; 13:10. [PMID: 29507601 PMCID: PMC5833067 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-018-0152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Indonesia, 96% of children (< 24mo) are breastfed. However, only 42% of children (< 6mo) are exclusively breastfed, as per World Health Organization recommendations. Breastfeeding provides protective benefits such as reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea and pneumonia/respiratory disease (PRD). This study estimates the potential economic impact of not breastfeeding according to recommendation in Indonesia based on infants suffering from attributable diarrhea and PRD. METHODS A cost analysis examined both the healthcare system costs and non-medical costs for children (< 24mo) with diarrhea and PRD. Data collection took place between 2015 and 2016 and healthcare expenditures were assessed in 13 facilities, in five sites including Bandung and Tomohon City. Costs from a provider perspective were estimated using healthcare records and 26 interviews with healthcare workers. A discount rate of 3% was used. A cross-sectional survey with caregiver-child pairs (n = 615) collected data related to out of pocket costs such transportation and opportunity costs such as wage loss. These figures were combined with the national disease prevalence rates from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012, and the relative risk of disease of not breastfeeding according to recommendation from literatures to extrapolate the financial burden of treatment. RESULTS The healthcare system cost due to not breastfeeding according to recommendation was estimated at US$118 million annually. The mean healthcare system cost and out of pocket costs was US$11.37 and US$3.85 respectively. This cost consists of US$88.64 million of provider costs and US$29.98 million of non-medical patient costs. CONCLUSIONS The cost of not breastfeeding according to recommendation is potentially high, therefore the Indonesian government needs to invest in breastfeeding protection, promotion and support as the potential healthcare system cost savings are significant. As suggested by other studies, the long term cost due to cognitive losses of providing not breastfeeding according to recommendation should also be taken into account to provide a complete understanding of the economic impact of not breastfeeding according to recommendation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adiatma Y. M. Siregar
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Cimandiri no. 6-8, Bandung, West Java 40115 Indonesia
| | - Pipit Pitriyan
- Center for Economics and Development Studies, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Cimandiri no. 6-8, Bandung, West Java 40115 Indonesia
| | - Dylan Walters
- Canadian Centre for Health Economics, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Richard SA, McCormick BJJ, Seidman JC, Rasmussen Z, Kosek MN, Rogawski ET, Petri W, Bose A, Mduma E, Maciel BLL, Chandyo RK, Bhutta Z, Turab A, Bessong P, Mahfuz M, Caulfield LE, On Behalf Of The Mal-Ed Network Investigators. Relationships among Common Illness Symptoms and the Protective Effect of Breastfeeding in Early Childhood in MAL-ED: An Eight-Country Cohort Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:904-912. [PMID: 29380724 PMCID: PMC5930868 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Children in low-income countries experience multiple illness symptoms in early childhood. Breastfeeding is protective against diarrhea and respiratory infections, and these illnesses are thought to be risk factors of one another, but these relationships have not been explored simultaneously. In the eight-site MAL-ED study, 1,731 infants were enrolled near birth and followed for 2 years. We collected symptoms and diet information through twice-weekly household visits. Poisson regression was used to determine if recent illness history was associated with incidence of diarrhea or acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), accounting for exclusive breastfeeding. Recent diarrhea was associated with higher risk of incident diarrhea after the first 6 months of life (relative risk [RR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.16) and with higher risk of incident ALRI in the 3- to 5-month period (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03, 1.47). Fever was a consistent risk factor for both diarrhea and ALRI. Exclusive breastfeeding 0-6 months was protective against diarrhea (0-2 months: RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.32, 0.49; 3-5 months: RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75, 0.93) and ALRI (3-5 months: RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68, 0.98). Children with recent illness who were exclusively breastfed were half as likely as those not exclusively breastfed to experience diarrhea in the first 3 months of life. Recent illness was associated with greater risk of new illness, causing illnesses to cluster within children, indicating that specific illness-prevention programs may have benefits for preventing other childhood illnesses. The results also underscore the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life for disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Richard
- Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jessica C Seidman
- Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zeba Rasmussen
- Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Turab
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nhung NTT, Schindler C, Dien TM, Probst-Hensch N, Perez L, Künzli N. Acute effects of ambient air pollution on lower respiratory infections in Hanoi children: An eight-year time series study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 110:139-148. [PMID: 29128032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory diseases are the most frequent causes of hospital admission in children worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Daily levels of air pollution are associated with lower respiratory diseases, as documented in many time-series studies. However, investigations in low-and-middle-income countries, such as Vietnam, remain sparse. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the short-term association of ambient air pollution with daily counts of hospital admissions due to pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma among children aged 0-17 in Hanoi, Vietnam. We explored the impact of age, gender and season on these associations. METHODS Daily ambient air pollution concentrations and hospital admission counts were extracted from electronic databases received from authorities in Hanoi for the years 2007-2014. The associations between outdoor air pollution levels and hospital admissions were estimated for time lags of zero up to seven days using Quasi-Poisson regression models, adjusted for seasonal variations, meteorological variables, holidays, influenza epidemics and day of week. RESULTS All ambient air pollutants were positively associated with pneumonia hospitalizations. Significant associations were found for most pollutants except for ozone and sulfur dioxide in children aged 0-17. Increments of an interquartile range (21.9μg/m3) in the 7-day-average level of NO2 were associated with a 6.1% (95%CI 2.5% to 9.8%) increase in pneumonia hospitalizations. These associations remained stable in two-pollutant models. All pollutants other than CO were positively associated with hospitalizations for bronchitis and asthma. Associations were weaker in infants than in children aged 1-5. CONCLUSION Strong associations between hospital admissions for lower respiratory infections and daily levels of air pollution confirm the need to adopt sustainable clean air policies in Vietnam to protect children's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Perez
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barbosa GEF, da Silva VB, Pereira JM, Soares MS, Medeiros RDA, Pereira LB, de Pinho L, Caldeira AP. INITIAL BREASTFEEDING DIFFICULTIES AND ASSOCIATION WITH BREAST DISORDERS AMONG POSTPARTUM WOMEN. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2017; 35:265-272. [PMID: 28977289 PMCID: PMC5606172 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;3;00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of difficulties in adopting initial breastfeeding techniques and their association with breast disorders in postpartum women. METHODS The cross-sectional study was carried out with 276 randomly selected mother-baby pairs in rooming-in in 3 hospitals in a city of Minas Gerais State (southeast Brazil). An assessment protocol was established to evaluate the breastfeeding technique used. The association between the variables studied and breast disorders was determined by the chi-square test followed by logistic regression, with significance level set at 0.05. RESULTS The main factors indicating difficulties to initiate the breastfeeding techniques were inadequate attachment of the baby to the breast (25%), baby response to the contact with the breast (26.1%) and breast disorders (28.3%). Variables associated with postparturm breast disorders were: adolescent mothers (OR 3.35; 95%CI 1.51-7.44; p=0.003); maternal schooling ≤8 years (OR 2.07; 95%CI 1.01-4.23; p=0.048); and supplement provision to the newborn at the hospital (OR 2.36; 95%CI 1.40-4.92; p=0.003). Mothers working outside the household (OR 0.31; 95%CI 0.16-0.61; p=0.001) served as as protective factor on the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS The main difficulties in initial breastfeeding were associated with breast disorders, and the factors associated with this problem included demographic and social, variables, as well as others related to the care routine adopted by maternity hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucinéia de Pinho
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Does Breastfeeding Protect Young Infants From Pertussis? Case-control Study and Immunologic Evaluation. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:e48-e53. [PMID: 27870812 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pertussis infection can be severe in unvaccinated infants. A case-control study was conducted to investigate the potential role of breastfeeding in protecting young, unvaccinated infants from pertussis. METHODS Hospitalized infants <6 months of age with positive real time polymerase chain reaction for pertussis on nasopharyngeal aspirate were enrolled as cases; healthy controls were enrolled among patients admitted for ultrasound screening. Vaccinated infants were excluded. Sociodemographic, clinical and feeding information were collected. The effect of breastfeeding on pertussis was investigated through multivariable analysis. Breast milk and blood samples were obtained from mothers of patients. IgA and bacterial binding against Bordetella pertussis and other bacteria were tested in breast milk. IgG against pertussis toxin (PT) was tested in serum. RESULTS We enrolled 296 patients (61 cases and 235 controls). Exclusive breastfeeding was not associated with pertussis compared with partial breastfeeding/artificial feeding [odds ratio: 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31-4.67]. Children with siblings were at higher risk for pertussis (odds ratio: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.21-5.35). IgA against pertussis antigens were not higher in cases (IgA anti-PT median = 0.24 optical density) compared with controls (IgA anti-PT median = 0.21 optical density). Though bacterial binding to B. pertussis, measured in breast milk, was higher in cases (median = 4.35%) compared with controls (median = 2.8%; P = 0.004), bacterial binding to B. pertussis was low compared with other pathogens. IgG titers were higher in mothers of cases, but no correlation was found between serum IgG and breast milk IgA. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding remains a mainstay of prevention for numerous diseases, though it does not seem to play a role against pertussis. Alternative strategies to protect unvaccinated infants from pertussis should be considered.
Collapse
|