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Hernández-Ruiz Á, Díaz-Jereda LA, Madrigal C, Soto-Méndez MJ, Kuijsten A, Gil Á. Methodological Aspects of Diet Quality Indicators in Childhood: A Mapping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2435-2494. [PMID: 34192740 PMCID: PMC8634546 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet quality indicators (DQIns) are tools that aim to assess an individual's overall diet quality. Previous reviews focused mainly on health-related outcomes but did not provide detailed information about components, assessment variables, or important methodological issues for the development and application of DQIns in the pediatric age. The current mapping review aims to provide comprehensive guidance regarding DQIns developed through a priori methodology in children aged ≤14 y that have been applied worldwide. A mapping review was conducted, whereby 1665 original articles describing the development, modifications, and updates of DQIns, published up to June 26, 2020, in English and Spanish, were retrieved. A total of 139 articles were identified and classified into 13 subgroups. There were 10 overall DQIns: Healthy Eating Indexes (n = 25), Dietary Diversity Scores (n = 20), Diet Quality Indexes (n = 16), Food Variety Scores (n = 11), Healthy and Unhealthy Scores (n = 11), Feeding and Eating Indexes (n = 10), Diet Quality Scores (n = 5), Nutritional Adequacy and Micronutrients Indexes (n = 5), Dietary Guidelines Indexes (n = 5), and Other Healthy Diet Indexes (n = 13). Three additional subgroups of dietary and lifestyle indicators found were Mediterranean Diet Indexes (n = 10), Diet-Lifestyle Indexes (n = 5), and Breakfast Quality Indexes (n = 3). This compilation of DQIns will help researchers select the most appropriate tool for future epidemiological studies by considering a careful selection of information about the assessment components, scoring methods, and key methodological issues. The main limitations of this review are that, due to its nature, a risk-of-bias assessment was not performed and the article screening was completed in 2 databases (PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus). More research is needed to identify health-related outcomes associated with DQIns in the pediatric population, using clearer and more standardized methodological criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Casandra Madrigal
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Anneleen Kuijsten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Contreras DA, Martoccio TL, Brophy-Herb HE, Horodynski M, Peterson KE, Miller AL, Senehi N, Sturza J, Kaciroti N, Lumeng JC. Rural-urban differences in body mass index and obesity-related behaviors among low-income preschoolers. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:e637-e644. [PMID: 32964933 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With one in eight preschoolers classified as obese in the USA, childhood obesity remains a significant public health issue. This study examined rural-urban differences in low-income preschoolers' body mass index z-scores (BMIz), eating behaviors, dietary quality, physical activity (PA) and screen time. METHODS Pre-intervention data from 572 preschooler-parent dyads participating in a randomized, controlled obesity prevention trial in the Midwest USA were analyzed. We examined the associations among living in rural versus urban areas, child BMIz and child obesity-related behaviors, including eating behaviors, dietary quality, PA and screen time. RESULTS Rural children had higher BMIz, more emotional overeating behaviors and more time spent playing outdoors compared with urban children. We found no associations between children living in rural versus urban areas and dietary quality and screen time. CONCLUSIONS The study found that rural-urban differences in BMIz may start as early as 3-4 years of age, if not earlier. To reverse the weight-related health disparities between rural and urban low-income preschoolers, structural changes in rural locations and family supports around coping skills may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn A Contreras
- Michigan State University Extension, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tiffany L Martoccio
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Holly E Brophy-Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mildred Horodynski
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of the Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neda Senehi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie Sturza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Tinner L, Kipping R, White J, Jago R, Metcalfe C, Hollingworth W. Cross-sectional analysis of physical activity in 2-4-year-olds in England with paediatric quality of life and family expenditure on physical activity. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:846. [PMID: 31253117 PMCID: PMC6599301 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children do not meet the recommended level of daily physical activity, even with the widely acknowledged health benefits associated with being physically active. There is a need to establish factors related to physical activity in children so that public health interventions may be appropriately designed. We investigated the association between Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), family expenditure on physical activity and objectively measured daily physical activity in 2-4-year-old children. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a sample of 81 UK preschool children taking part in the NAPSACC UK feasibility randomized controlled trial. Descriptive statistics are presented. We undertook Student t-tests to establish differences in physical activity by gender, age, parental education and nursery versus non-nursery days. Mixed effects linear regressions were used to model the association between minutes spent physically activity, minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity and PedsQL scores (physical and psychosocial) and family expenditure on physical activity. RESULTS Most children (88.9%) did not engage in the recommended 180 min daily physical activity. There was mean (SD) of 141.9 (33.1) daily minutes of physically activity and 22.2 min per day (SD = 9.9) of MVPA. Boys and older children were more physically active. Children were more active on nursery days. There was no difference in physical activity by parental education. Half of the sample parents (50.6%) spent less than £9.00 weekly on their pre-schooler's physical activity. Children within the highest tertile of PedsQL physical functioning scores had higher levels of MVPA (3.6, 95% CI: - 1.3-8.4, p-value 0.15), although confidence intervals crossed the null in the adjusted model. We found no evidence of an association between positive PedsQL psychosocial scores, or higher parental expenditure on physical activity, with the physical activity variables. CONCLUSIONS Children in this sample were not meeting the recommended 180 min of daily physical activity. The 2-4-year-olds were most active on nursery days. There is no evidence of an association between better PedsQL physical scores and higher levels of MVPA. There was no evidence of an association between expenditure on physical activity and time spent physically active. Further examination in larger representative datasets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tinner
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Ruth Kipping
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - James White
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - William Hollingworth
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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Arisaka O, Ichikawa G, Koyama S, Toshimi S. Nursery school as an environmental factor for body mass index. J Pediatr 2019; 208:299. [PMID: 30738656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Arisaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Ohtawara, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Go Ichikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, Ohtawara, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Satomi Koyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Sairenchi Toshimi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi-ken, Japan
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