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Basso M, Zorzan I, Johnstone N, Barberis M, Cohen Kadosh K. Diet quality and anxiety: a critical overview with focus on the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346483. [PMID: 38812941 PMCID: PMC11133642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders disproportionally affect females and are frequently comorbid with eating disorders. With the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, focus has been put on the impact of diet quality in anxiety pathophysiology and gut microbiome underlying mechanisms. While the relationship between diet and anxiety is bidirectional, improving dietary habits could better facilitate the actions of pharmacological and psychological therapies, or prevent their use. A better understanding of how gut bacteria mediate and moderate such relationship could further contribute to develop personalized programs and inform probiotics and prebiotics manufacturing. To date, studies that look simultaneously at diet, the gut microbiome, and anxiety are missing as only pairwise relationships among them have been investigated. Therefore, this study aims at summarizing and integrating the existing knowledge on the dietary effects on anxiety with focus on gut microbiome. Findings on the effects of diet on anxiety are critically summarized and reinterpreted in relation to findings on (i) the effects of diet on the gut microbiome composition, and (ii) the associations between the abundance of certain gut bacteria and anxiety. This novel interpretation suggests a theoretical model where the relationship between diet and anxiety is mediated and/or modulated by the gut microbiome through multiple mechanisms. In parallel, this study critically evaluates methodologies employed in the nutritional field to investigate the effects of diet on anxiety highlighting a lack of systematic operationalization and assessment strategies. Therefore, it ultimately proposes a novel evidence-based approach that can enhance studies validity, reliability, systematicity, and translation to clinical and community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Basso
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Zorzan
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Johnstone
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Bergman E, Vepsäläinen H, Erkkola M, Laaksonen M, Kautiainen H, Penttinen MA, Rautava P, Korhonen PE. Healthy and Unhealthy Food Consumption in Relation to Quality of Life among Finnish Female Municipal Employees: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173630. [PMID: 36079887 PMCID: PMC9460930 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspects of good quality of life (QoL) have been found to motivate people to make lifestyle changes. There is also evidence that certain dietary patterns are associated with QoL. The aim of this work was to examine whether consumption frequencies of healthy and unhealthy food items are associated with QoL in female employees. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 631 Finnish female employees (mean age 49 years, SD = 10) from 10 municipal work units in 2015. Information about the participants was collected by physical examination, laboratory tests, self-administered questionnaires, including the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and from medical history. QoL was assessed with the EUROHIS-Quality of Life 8-item index. A significant positive association was seen between consumption frequency of healthy foods and the EUROHIS-QOL mean score (p = 0.002). The association was small but comprehensive, also involving most dimensions of QoL. The consumption frequency of unhealthy foods was not associated with QoL. These findings are relevant when designing diet counselling, since QoL is an outcome that has been found to motivate people to change their health habits. Recommending abundant use of healthy foods could be a simple and convenient way of diet counselling at many health care appointments, where time consuming approaches are difficult to conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Bergman
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus A. Penttinen
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Suomen Terveystalo, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Rautava
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi E. Korhonen
- Department of General Practice, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Impedance-derived phase angle is associated with muscle mass, strength, quality of life, and clinical outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261070. [PMID: 35020730 PMCID: PMC8754345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to evaluate the association between the phase angle and muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance tests, quality-of-life scales, mood scales, or patient and hospitalization-free survival rates in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS We included 83 HD patients. The patients were divided into tertiles based on phase angle value. The phase angle was measured using a bioimpedance analysis machine. Thigh muscle area per height squared (TMA/Ht2), handgrip strength (HGS), nutritional indicators, physical performance, quality-of-life, depression or anxiety status, and the presence of hospitalization or death regardless of cause were evaluated. RESULTS In our study, no significant differences were observed in the serum albumin level and body mass index according to tertiles of phase angle. The phase angle tertiles were associated with TMA/Ht2 and HGS. The phase angle was also associated with physical performance measurements and depression or anxiety status. Subgroup analyses according to sex, age, and diabetes mellitus showed similar trends to those of the total cohort. Furthermore, the hospitalization-free survival rate and patient survival rate were favorable in patients with high values for the phase angle. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the phase angle is associated with muscle mass, strength, physical performance, quality-of-life scale, and hospitalization-free survival in maintenance HD patients.
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Yoon YS, Oh SW. Relationship between psychological distress and the adherence to the Korean healthy eating index (KHEI): the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013 and 2015. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:516-527. [PMID: 34349884 PMCID: PMC8313388 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.4.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study examined the association of depressive symptoms, stress perception, and suicidal ideation with overall dietary quality using the newly developed Korean healthy eating index (KHEI). SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included 9,607 adults (3,939 men and 5,668 women, ≥ 19 years) who participated in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 and 2015. The KHEI scores were calculated using the food frequency questionnaire data. Survey logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between psychiatric distress and dietary quality. RESULTS The percentage of subjects with experience of depressive mood, higher stress perception, and suicidal ideation was 8.2%, 25.0%, and 3.7% in men and 15.4%, 27.3%, and 6.0% in women, respectively. The mean KHEI score was 61.5 ± 0.29 in men and 64.8 ± 0.24 in women (P < 0.001). The present study found a difference in the adherence to specific dietary components of the KHEI between sexes. Men experiencing depressive symptoms were less likely to eat meat, fish, eggs, and beans, while depressed women showed lower vegetable intake. Both men and women with suicidal ideation showed a lower intake of vegetables. The men with stress had a lower breakfast eating score than those without stress (7.21 vs. 6.77, P = 0.016). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for depressive symptoms, stress perception, and the suicidal idea in women with the highest quartile of KHEI scores compared to the lowest quartile was 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.92), 0.73 (0.58-0.82), and 0.52 (0.33-0.82), respectively and significant dose-response associations were observed (P for trends < 0.05 for all). On the other hand, these associations were not observed in men after adjusting for the confounding variables (P for trends > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Poor adherence to dietary recommendations is associated with psychological distress, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Sook Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 10380, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Korea
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Mozaffari H, Hosseini Z, Lafrenière J, Conklin AI. The role of dietary diversity in preventing metabolic-related outcomes: Findings from a systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13174. [PMID: 33615679 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary diversity has been linked to insulin resistance; however, studies are inconsistent on whether dietary diversity protects against metabolic-related outcomes. We aimed to comprehensively assess metabolic-related outcomes of greater diversity across the diet and within major food groups. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was done in bibliographic databases (Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for longitudinal studies that reported on original research. Data extraction and quality appraisal used predefined criteria; reported findings were synthesized through a narrative approach. Fourteen studies were identified as eligible. Greater dietary diversity across major food groups, and diversity within fruits and/or vegetables, was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Effects varied based on exposure definition and adjustment for known confounders. While diversity of less healthy foods was associated with greater adiposity, diversity of all foods and healthy foods was associated with reduced incidence of depression and cognitive decline. Evidence supports the protective effect of dietary diversity against cognitive decline and T2D. The association between dietary diversity and adiposity may be dependent on the healthiness of foods. Public health efforts to prevent metabolic-related diseases should include an emphasis on a varied diet as a healthy eating strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseini
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacynthe Lafrenière
- School of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annalijn I Conklin
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Analysis of the Effects of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Habits on Depression in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041360. [PMID: 33921610 PMCID: PMC8073119 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While several studies have explored nutrient intake and dietary habits associated with depression, few studies have reflected recent trends and demographic factors. Therefore, we examined how nutrient intake and eating habits are associated with depression, according to gender and age. We performed simple and multiple regressions using nationally representative samples of 10,106 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results indicated that cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium, frequency of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and eating out were significantly associated with depression (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, depression was associated with nutrient intake and dietary habits by gender and age group: sugar, breakfast, lunch, and eating out frequency in the young women’s group; sodium and lunch frequency among middle-age men; dietary fibers, breakfast, and eating out frequency among middle-age women; energy, moisture, carbohydrate, lunch, and dinner frequency in late middle-age men; breakfast and lunch frequency among late middle-age women; vitamin A, carotene, lunch, and eating out frequency among older age men; and fat, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and eating out frequency among the older age women’s group (p-value < 0.05). This study can be used to establish dietary strategies for depression prevention, considering gender and age.
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Relationship between Vitamin Intake and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Shika Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031023. [PMID: 33809915 PMCID: PMC8004289 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies revealed a relationship between psychosocial states, such as depressive symptoms, and nutritional intake, limited information is currently available on vitamin intake. The Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) is not limited to a specific disease, it is constructed based on a universal concept of health and is used to evaluate the Quality of life (QOL). A three-component scoring method was developed for “Physical component score (PCS)”, “Mental component score (MCS)”, and “Role/social score (RCS)”. Collectively, these summary scores are called the “QOL summary score”, which is regarded as a more detailed health summary score. In the present study, we aimed at epidemiologically examine the relationship between vitamin intake and QOL in middle-aged and elderly population in 3162 residents in Japan. In women, a multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between all vitamin intake and PCS scores, and between vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, and MCS scores. In consideration of depression as MCS of SF-36 and chronic pain as PCS, an insufficient vitamin intake may affect QOL in women; however, a causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated.
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