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Sulemana A, Koduah M, Owiredu S, Tengan CL, Agyare EA, Boateng KS, Nsafoah EK, Beogkina JB. Spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in e-waste contaminated site at Akwatia-Line, Kumasi, Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23381. [PMID: 38148806 PMCID: PMC10750149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E-waste processing sites abound with potentially toxic elements (PTE) that negatively affect the environment and human health. The study determined the presence of selected PTE (Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Al) and their spatial distribution in an e-waste processing site in a developing country setting. pH, moisture, organic matter/carbon, and particle size were determined in 30 soil samples. The spatial position of each sampling point was picked with a GPS device, and the area was mapped in a GIS environment. The concentrations of PTE were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Findings from the study indicate that the soil is polluted with PTE, rich in organic carbon/matter but has low pH. The Geoaccumulation Indices ranged from unpolluted (Al) to strongly/extremely polluted (Cu). Pollution Load Index showed about 77 % of the samples as extremely/heavily polluted, 10 % as heavily polluted, and 13 % as moderately polluted. Contamination Factors of Zn, Pb, and Cu were very high but considerably low for Hg and Al. Regular monitoring and remediation are required for the soil to be restored and put into productive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan Sulemana
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Matilda Koduah
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephen Owiredu
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles L. Tengan
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer A. Agyare
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kofi S. Boateng
- Department of Public Health Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Mampong, Ghana
| | - Emma K. Nsafoah
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Akrokerri College of Education, Akrokerri, Ghana
| | - Jonas B. Beogkina
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Okeke ES, Nweze EJ, Ezike TC, Nwuche CO, Ezeorba TPC, Nwankwo CEI. Silicon-based nanoparticles for mitigating the effect of potentially toxic elements and plant stress in agroecosystems: A sustainable pathway towards food security. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165446. [PMID: 37459984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to their size, flexibility, biocompatibility, large surface area, and variable functionality nanoparticles have enormous industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. This has led to their widespread use in various fields. The advancement of knowledge in this field of research has altered our way of life from medicine to agriculture. One of the rungs of this revolution, which has somewhat reduced the harmful consequences, is nanotechnology. A helpful ingredient for plants, silicon (Si), is well-known for its preventive properties under adverse environmental conditions. Several studies have shown how biogenic silica helps plants recover from biotic and abiotic stressors. The majority of research have demonstrated the benefits of silicon-based nanoparticles (Si-NPs) for plant growth and development, particularly under stressful environments. In order to minimize the release of brine, heavy metals, and radioactive chemicals into water, remove metals, non-metals, and radioactive components, and purify water, silica has also been used in environmental remediation. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have become a huge threat to food security through their negative impact on agroecosystem. Si-NPs have the potentials to remove PTEs from agroecosystem and promote food security via the promotion of plant growth and development. In this review, we have outlined the various sources and ecotoxicological consequences of PTEs in agroecosystems. The potentials of Si-NPs in mitigating PTEs were extensively discussed and other applications of Si-NPs in agriculture to foster food security were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ekene John Nweze
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Tobechukwu Christian Ezike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Charles Ogugua Nwuche
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
| | - Chidiebele Emmanuel Ikechukwu Nwankwo
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Mafulul SG, Joel EB, Gushit J. Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentrations in soil and fruits of selected perennial economic trees growing naturally in the vicinity of the abandoned mining ponds in Kuba, Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) Plateau State, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5893-5914. [PMID: 37183215 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the level of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in soil and selected fruits and assesses the health risk of inhabitants in the abandoned tin mining community in Kuba, Bokkos LGA. Samples of the abandoned mine soil and selected fruits mango (Magnifera indica), guava (Psidium guajava), avocado pear (Persea americana), and banana (Musa spp)) from the vicinity of the abandoned mine were analyzed for the presence of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the levels of all the PTEs analysed in the abandoned mine soil samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than their corresponding values in the control soil from the non-mining area. Except for Cd, the mean concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb were significantly higher than the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit. Except for Zn in guava fruits and Cd in avocado fruits, the mean concentration of PTEs in fruits from abandoned mines was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than their corresponding control values. In contrast, the mean levels of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in the investigated fruits were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than FAO/WHO maximum permissible limits established for fruits. The studied fruits remarkably took up and bioaccumulated PTEs from the abandoned mine soil. Mango fruit significantly bioaccumulated As (5.40), Cd (3.40), and Zn (2.81). Guava fruit bioaccumulated As (1.50) and Cd (4.60), while avocado bioaccumulated As (3.53), Cd (3.80), and Zn (6.48). Banana bioaccumulated As (0.96), Cd (0.80), and Zn (6.78). The hazard quotient values for PTEs investigated in fruits for adults, and children were several folds greater than 1. The hazard index (HI) for the PTEs through consuming fruits for children and adults was greater than 1, indicating that possible health risks exist for both local children and adults. However, the HI values for the children were higher than those for adults, implying that children were exposed to more potential noncarcinogenic health risks from PTEs than adults. The total cancer risk (TCR) values for Cr and Ni for all the fruits studied were within 10-3-10-1, which is several-fold higher than the permissible limits (10-6 and < 10-4), indicating high carcinogenic risk. TCR values for Cd and Pb in all the fruits, except for Cd in guava and avocado fruits for children, were within the range of 10-5-10-4, indicating that they are associated with moderate risk. The CR values for all the PTEs in all the fruits for adults and children except for mango fruit adults were within 10-2-10-1, indicating high carcinogenic risk. In conclusion, the results and risk assessment provided by this study indicate that human exposure to fruits from abandoned mines suggests a high vulnerability of the local community to PTE toxicity. Long-term preventive measures to safeguard the health of the residents need to be put in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gabriel Mafulul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Enoch Banbilbwa Joel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John Gushit
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Altıkulaç A, Turhan Ş. Assessment of the Levels of Potentially Toxic Elements Contained in Natural Bentonites Collected from Quarries in Turkey. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20979-20986. [PMID: 37332829 PMCID: PMC10269241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are an important type of pollutant, causing constant and far-reaching concerns around the world due to their increase in the mining process. Bentonite formed by the alteration of glass-rich volcanic rocks is a smectite clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. Bentonite is an important mineral used in a wide range of applications in many fields such as oil and gas, agriculture, food, pharmacological, cosmetic, and construction industries due to its unique qualities. Given the widespread distribution of bentonite in nature and its use in a wide variety of consumer products, it is inevitable that the general population will be exposed to PTEs contained in bentonites. In this study, concentrations of PTEs in 69 bentonite samples collected from quarries located in different geographical regions of Turkey were analyzed by an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method. The average concentrations of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, and Pb in bentonite samples were found to be 3510, 95, 129, 741, 30,569, 67, 168, 25, 62, 9, 173, and 28 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Results of the enrichment factor relating to Earth's crust average indicated moderate enrichment with Cr, Ni, and Pb and significant enrichment with Co and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Altıkulaç
- Ula
Ali Koçman Vocational School, Muğla
Sıtkı Koçman University, Ula, 48640 Muğla, Turkey
| | - Şeref Turhan
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kastamonu
University, 37150 Kastamonu, Turkey
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Ayub MA, Zia Ur Rehman M, Ahmad HR, Fox JP, Clubb P, Wright AL, Anwar-Ul-Haq M, Nadeem M, Rico CM, Rossi L. Influence of ionic cerium and cerium oxide nanoparticles on Zea mays seedlings grown with and without cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121137. [PMID: 36720342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerium (Ce4+) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) have diversified reported effects on plants. Once dispersed in the environment their fate is not well understood, especially in co-existence with other pollutants like cadmium (Cd). The effect of co-application of Ce and Cd are reported in various studies, but the role of Ce source (ionic or bulk) and nanoparticle size is still unknown in cereal plants like maize (Zea mays). To better understand the synergistic effects of Ce and Cd, 500 mg kg-1 Ce coming from ionic (Ce4+ as CeSO4) and CeO2 nano sources (10 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm) alone and in combination with 0.5 mg Cd kg-1 sand were applied to maize seedlings. Growth, physiology, root structure, anatomy, and ionic homeostasis in maize were measured. The results revealed that Ce4+ resulted in overall decrease in seedling growth, biomass and resulted in higher heavy metal (in control sets) and Cd (in Cd spiked sets) uptake in maize seedlings' root and shoot. The effects of CeO2-NPs were found to be dependent on particle size; in fact, under Cd-0 (non-Cd spiked sets) CeO2-100 nm showed beneficial effects compared to the control. While under co-application with Cd, CeO2-50 nm showed net beneficial effects on maize seedling growth parameters. The Ce alone, and in combination with Cd, altered the root suberin barrier formation. Both ionic and nano Ce sources alone and in co-existence with Cd behaved differently for tissue elemental concentrations (Ce, Cd, micronutrients like B, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe and elements Co, Si) suggesting a strong influence of Cd-Ce coexistence on the element's uptake and translocation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashar Ayub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan; Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA; Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - John-Paul Fox
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA
| | - Preston Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Alan L Wright
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA
| | - Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan; Indian River Research and Education Center, Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA; Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Cyren M Rico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA.
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Zhou T, Wang Y, Qin J, Zhao S, Cao D, Zhu M, Jiang Y. Potential Risk, Spatial Distribution, and Soil Identification of Potentially Toxic Elements in Lycium barbarum L. (Wolfberry) Fruits and Soil System in Ningxia, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16186. [PMID: 36498258 PMCID: PMC9739834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Eight potentially toxic elements (PTEs, including nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg)) in Lycium barbarum L. (wolfberries) and the associated root soil from a genuine producing area were analyzed. The potential ecological risk of PTEs in the soil and the health risk of PTEs through wolfberry consumption were determined. Geostatistical methods were used to predict the PTE concentrations in the wolfberries and soil. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the source of PTEs in the soil. The PTE concentrations in the soils were within the standard limits, and Cd in the wolfberries exceeded the standard limit at only one site. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) order for the different PTEs was Cd > Cu > 1 > Zn > Cr > As > Ni > Pb, indicating that Cd and Cu were highly accumulated in wolfberries. The multiple regression models for Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cr concentrations in the wolfberries exhibited good correlations (p < 0.1). The ecological risk for Hg in the soil was high, whereas the risks for the remaining PTEs were mostly medium or low. Health risks for inhabitants through wolfberry consumption were not obvious. The spatial distributions of the PTEs in the soil differed from the PTE concentrations in the wolfberries. Source identification results were in the order of natural source (48.2%) > industrial activity source (27.8%) > agricultural activity source (14.5%) > transportation source (9.5%). The present study can guide the site selection of wolfberry cultivation and ensure the safety of wolfberry products when considering PTE contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongning Zhou
- College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jiaqi Qin
- College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Deyan Cao
- College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- College of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yanxue Jiang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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Niede R, Benbi DK. Integrated review of the nexus between toxic elements in the environment and human health. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:758-789. [PMID: 36636150 PMCID: PMC9807406 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging pollutants in the environment due to economic development have become a global challenge for environmental and human health management. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), a major group of pollutants, have been detected in soil, air, water and food crops. Humans are exposed to PTEs through soil ingestion, consumption of water, uptake of food crop products originating from polluted fields, breathing of dust and fumes, and direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and water. The dose absorbed by humans, the exposure route and the duration (i.e., acute or chronic) determine the toxicity of PTEs. Poisoning by PTEs can lead to excessive damage to health as a consequence of oxidative stress produced by the formation of free radicals and, as a consequence, to various disorders. The toxicity of certain organs includes neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin toxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity. In the treatment of PTE toxicity, synthetic chelating agents and symptomatic supportive procedures have been conventionally used. In addition, there are new insights concerning natural products which may be a powerful option to treat several adverse consequences. Health policy implications need to include monitoring air, water, soil, food products, and individuals at risk, as well as environmental manipulation of soil, water, and sewage. The overall goal of this review is to present an integrated view of human exposure, risk assessment, clinical effects, as well as therapy, including new treatment options, related to highly toxic PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Niede
- Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany,* Correspondence:
| | - Dinesh K. Benbi
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Li X, Zhou L, Zhang C, Li D, Wang Z, Sun D, Liao C, Zhang Q. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1014147. [PMID: 36337645 PMCID: PMC9626765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1014147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution status of crops planted in Guizhou province of Southwestern China with high background values of Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) has attracted people’s concern. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of F and Cd in rice, corn and wheat grains, and further evaluate their health risks to residents in Guizhou province. The contents of F and Cd were measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. Additionally, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique was conducted to analyze spatial distribution, and the health risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazardous index (HI). The results indicate that Cd contents in samples varied from 0.000 to 0.463 for rice, 0.000 to 0.307 for corn, and 0.012 to 0.537 (mg/kg) for wheat, while F contents ranged from 0.825 to 5.193 (rice), 0.946 to 8.485 (corn), and 0.271 to 9.143 (wheat) mg/kg. The Cd exceeding ratios were 11.600% for rice, 13.500% for corn, and 45.100% for wheat grains, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, high levels of F and Cd in rice were found in the northern and central in Guizhou, while Cd in corn was distributed in the eastern and F in corn were distributed in the west area of Guizhou. Moreover, the high levels of F and Cd in wheat were distributed in the western and eastern areas. The mean carcinogenic risks (R) of Cd in rice, corn, and wheat in children were 4.150 × 10–4, 1.670 × 10–4 and 3.470 × 10–4, respectively, and that in adults were 3.430 × 10–4, 0.471 × 10–4, and 2.190 × 10–4, respectively. The HI for adults in rice, corn and wheat grains were 0.756, 0.154, and 0.514, respectively, and that for children were 0.913, 0.549, and 0.814, respectively. Collectively, the potential risks produced by F and Cd to the local residents should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luoxiong Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dasuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zelan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dali Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaoxuan Liao
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghai Zhang,
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Yang X, Cheng B, Gao Y, Zhang H, Liu L. Heavy metal contamination assessment and probabilistic health risks in soil and maize near coal mines. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1004579. [PMID: 36311573 PMCID: PMC9606824 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Coal mining activities have continuously introduced heavy metals into the soil-crop system, causing increasing damage to crops. This study integrated the analysis of the heavy metal contamination status and human health risk in soil and maize near coal mines to help formulate control strategies for soil quality, maize production, and safe consumption. Method This study was carried out on maize agricultural land near a coal mining plant. Heavy metal contamination was assessed by the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and bioaccumulation factor (BCF). The Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the probabilistic health risk of heavy metals exposure in soil and maize. The relationship between the concentration of heavy metal in the soil and that in maize was further visualized by correlation analysis and random forest analysis. Results The results revealed that the mean concentrations of soil Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Sn, Zn, Pb, and Hg were all above the local background level. Ni was the most severely polluted heavy metal in maize and had a concentration higher than the risk control standard for corn in China (NY 861-2004). The Igeo values of all heavy metals were low, and EF values showed enrichment in V, Cr, Ti, Ni, and As. The assessment of probabilistic health risk exposed by heavy metals in soil and maize indicated that 1.16 and 1.46% of residents exceeded the carcinogenic risk level due to heavy metal exposure from soil and maize, respectively. Children were the most sensitive to maize and soil heavy metal exposure in the contaminated area. Ingestion of heavy metals was associated with the highest health risk to residents, followed by dermal contact and inhalation. As and Cr in soil and Cr and Ni in maize had the greatest impact on human health risk. Furthermore, maize heavy metals were affected the most by soil Cr, Cd, and V. Conclusion These results may provide useful information for human carcinogenic risk associated with soil and maize heavy metal exposure due to coal mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Academic Affairs Office, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Xiujuan Yang
| | - Bijun Cheng
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Liangpo Liu
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Xiao K, Yao X, Zhang X, Fu N, Shi Q, Meng X, Ren X. Pollution Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Road Dust Samples in Jiayuguan, Hexi Corridor, China. TOXICS 2022; 10:580. [PMID: 36287861 PMCID: PMC9607028 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in road dust are complex and potentially harmful to humans, especially in industrial cities. Jiayuguan is the largest steel-producing city in Northwest China, and this study was the first to conduct a related study on PTEs in road dust in this city, including the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risk assessment of PTEs in road dust. The results showed that the highest concentration of PTEs in the local road dust samples were Mn, Ba, Zn, and Cr. The enrichment factor (EF) of Se was the highest, and it was "Very high enrichment" in areas other than the background area, indicating that the local Se was more affected by human activities. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of Se was also the highest, and the pollution level was 5 in all areas except the background area, indicating that the local Se was more polluted and related to coal combustion. The sources of PTEs in local road dust samples mainly included geogenic-industrial sources, coal combustion, traffic sources, and oil combustion. For the non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard index (HI) of each element of children was higher than that of adults, and the sum of the HI of each element was greater than 1, indicating that there was a non-carcinogenic risk under the combined influence of multiple elements, which was especially obvious in industrial areas. For the carcinogenic risk, the cancer risk (CR) of Cr at a certain point in the industrial area exceeded 10-4, which was a carcinogenic risk, and the Cr in this area may be related to the topsoil of the local abandoned chromate plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yao
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ning Fu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Gansu Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Qiuhong Shi
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaorui Meng
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuechang Ren
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Mafulul SG, Potgieter JH, Longdet IY, Okoye ZSC, Potgieter-Vermaak SS. Health Risks for a Rural Community in Bokkos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Exposed to Potentially Toxic Elements from an Abandoned Tin Mine. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 83:47-66. [PMID: 35678870 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The past mining activities in Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) were performed in an uncontrolled way and gave rise to many abandoned ponds now serving as domestic and irrigation water sources. Past research focused mainly on the environmental impact, and we show for the first time what the human health risk through consumption of contaminated food crops is in these communities. This study was designed to determine the level of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) contamination in pond water, soil, and food crops and assess the health risk of inhabitants in the abandoned tin mining community in Bokkos LGA. Samples of the mining pond water, soil, and selected food crops from farms irrigated with the pond water: bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), pepper (Piper nigrum), okra (Albelmoschus esculentus), maize (Zea mays), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) were analyzed for each of the eight PTEs (viz. Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results obtained showed that the levels of all the PTEs analyzed in the soil, pond water, and selected food crops except for Fe and Mn in soil and Cd in sweet potato were greater than their corresponding background area values (p < 0.05). Also, the mean concentrations of all the PTEs except for Cu in pond water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the WHO maximum permissible limit. With the exception of Fe, Ni, and Zn for pepper and okra, Cu and Fe for maize grains as well as Cu, Ni, and Zn for sweet and Irish potatoes and Fe and Cd for sweet potato, the mean concentrations of PTEs in the food crops were significantly higher than WHO maximum permissible limit. The EF values of Cd (0.39); Cu (3.59) and Ni (2.81); Cr (9.38) and Pb (17.84); and Mn (178.13) and Zn (83.22) classified the soil as minimally, moderately, significantly, and extremely highly enriched, respectively. The PI values of all the PTEs in the soil studied were all greater than 5, indicating that the soils were severely contaminated. There was evidence that food crops significantly bioaccumulated PTEs either as a result of contaminated soil and/or irrigation water. The bioaccumulation was not uniform and was dominated by transfer from the polluted irrigation water. The bitter leaf, okra, and to some extent maize had the highest transfer of PTEs, and Mn, Cu, and Zn had the highest bioaccumulation in the food crops investigated. The hazardous index (HI) for the eight PTEs through the consumption of food crops was 107 for children and 33 for adults which greatly exceeded the recommended limit of 1, thus indicating that possible health risks exist for both local children and adults. For every PTE, the values of HI for children are many-fold higher than those for adults, which is of particular concern due to the high HI values for Pb found for maize consumption, a typical staple food. The cancer risk values for Cr and Ni for all the food crops were within 10-3-10-1 which is several fold higher than the permissible limits (10-6 and < 10-4) indicating the high carcinogenic risk. It can be concluded based on the results and risk assessment provided by this study that human exposure to mining pond water and soil in farms around the mining pond through the food chain suggests the high vulnerability of the local community to PTE toxicity. Long-term preventive measures to safeguard the health of the residents need to be put in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gabriel Mafulul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria.
| | - Johannes H Potgieter
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Ishaya Yohanna Longdet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Zebulon S C Okoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Sanja S Potgieter-Vermaak
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Liu P, Wu Q, Wang X, Hu W, Liu X, Tian K, Fan Y, Xie E, Zhao Y, Huang B, Yoon SJ, Kwon BO, Khim JS. Spatiotemporal variation and sources of soil heavy metals along the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132768. [PMID: 34736947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of soil heavy metals (HMs) result in the deterioration of soil quality and reduction of agricultural productivity and safety. The accumulation status, temporal change, and sources of soil HMs were determined by large-scale field surveys in 2014 and 2019 in rapid urbanization and industrialization area along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Eighty-two surface soil samples were collected in 2014 and ninety-five surface soil samples and seven soil profiles (0-100 cm) were collected in 2019. The mean concentrations (in, mg kg-1) of As (10.17), Cd (0.33), Cr (86.38), Cu (38.22), Hg (0.11), Ni (37.67), Pb (43.95), and Zn (113.15) were greater than the corresponding background values. The concentrations of these 8 HMs significantly varied with site-specific distributions depending on nearby landscape patterns with decreasing order: agricultural soil around industrial > agricultural soil > fallow soil. Cd and Hg were found to be priority pollutants due to their greater accumulations in this study area. Combined analyses of principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model addressed source apportionment of soil HMs. Industrial activities, parent materials, and agricultural and traffic activities were three major sources and their contributions were 35.56%, 35.20%, and 29.23%, respectively. The concentrations of soil As, Cd, Cr and Pb increased with time. This study elucidates how changes in land uses and time affect soil HMs and provides reasonable suggestions for the effective reduction of HM contamination in economically and industrially developed areas of China, and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiumei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xinkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ya'nan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Enze Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yongcun Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Egbueri JC, Ayejoto DA, Agbasi JC. Pollution assessment and estimation of the percentages of toxic elements to be removed to make polluted drinking water safe: a case from Nigeria. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2025401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnson C. Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
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Characteristics of Potentially Toxic Elements, Risk Assessments, and Isotopic Compositions (Cu-Zn-Pb) in the PM10 Fraction of Road Dust in Busan, South Korea. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pollution status of ten potentially toxic elements (PTEs), isotopic compositions (Cu, Zn, Pb), and the potential ecological risk posed by them were investigated in the PM10 fraction of road dust in Busan Metropolitan city, South Korea. Enrichment factors revealed extremely to strongly polluted levels of Sb, Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu in the PM10 fraction of road dust, with Sb levels being the highest. Statistical analyses showed that the major cause for contamination with PTEs was non-exhaust traffic emissions such as tire and brake wear. Cu and Zn isotopic compositions of road dust were related to traffic-related emission sources such as brake and tires. Pb isotopic compositions were close to that of road paint, indicating that Pb was a different source from Cu and Zn in this study. No significant health risk was posed by the PTEs. Taking into account the total length of road in Busan, a high quantity of PTEs in road dust (PM10) can have serious deleterious effects on the atmospheric environment and ecosystems. The results of metal concentrations and isotopic compositions in road dust will help identify and manage atmospheric fine particle and coastal metal contamination derived from fine road dust.
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