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Saric J, Aerts A, Anne M, Barboza J, Boch J, Dashdorj N, McGhie DV, Santana A, Shellaby JT, Rollemberg SMS, Silveira M, Steinmann P, Cobos D. Assessing the contributions of an urban population health initiative to shift political priority towards cardiovascular health: three case studies from Brazil, Mongolia and Senegal. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 38178108 PMCID: PMC10768224 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urban population health initiative was designed as a multidisciplinary, multisector programme to address cardiovascular (CV) disease, specifically hypertension and its underlying causes in the cities of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Dakar, Senegal; and São Paulo, Brazil. This article aims to provide an overview of the history and dynamics of CV disease policy making in the three countries, to present the policy reform contributions of the initiative and its role in the policy agenda-setting framework/process in each country and to identify the enablers and challenges to the initiative for doing so. METHODS A qualitative case study was conducted for each setting from November 2020 to January 2021, comprised of a document review, semi-structured in-depth interviews and unstructured interviews with stakeholders involved in the initiative. The literature review included documents from the initiative and the peer-reviewed and grey literature with a total of 188 documents screened. Interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders. Data collection and thematic analysis was guided by (i) the Kingdon multiple streams conceptual framework with the main themes being CV disease problems, policy, politics and the role of policy entrepreneurs; and (ii) the study question inquiring on the role of the urban population health initiative at the CV disease policy level and enabling and challenging factors to advancing CV disease policy. Data were thematically analysed using the Framework Method. RESULTS Each setting was characterized by a high hypertension and CV disease burden combined with an aware and proactive political environment. Policy outcomes attributed to the initiative were updating the guidelines and/or algorithms of care for hypertension and including revised physical and nutritional education in school curricula, in each city. Overall, the urban health initiative's effects in the policy arena, were most prominent in Mongolia and Senegal, where the team effectively acted as policy entrepreneur, promoting the solutions/policies in alignment with the most pressing local problems and in strong involvement with the political actors. The initiative was also involved in improving access to CV disease drugs at primary health levels. Its success was influenced by the local governance structures, the proximity of the initiative to the policy makers and the local needs. In Brazil, needs were expressed predominantly in the clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS This multi-country experience shows that, although the policy and political environment plays its role in shaping initiatives, often the local priority needs are the driving force behind wider change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Saric
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ann Aerts
- Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Malick Anne
- Division de la Lutte contre les Maladies non transmissible Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Cobos
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
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Boch J, Venkitachalam L, Santana A, Jones O, Reiker T, Rosiers SD, Shellaby JT, Saric J, Steinmann P, Ferrer JME, Morgan L, Barshilia A, Albuquerque EPR, Avezum A, Barboza J, Baxter YC, Bortolotto L, Byambasuren E, Cerqueira M, Dashdorj N, Dib KM, Guèye B, Seck K, Silveira M, Rollemberg SMS, de Oliveira RW, Luvsansambuu T, Aerts A. Implementing a multisector public-private partnership to improve urban hypertension management in low-and middle- income countries. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2379. [PMID: 36536360 PMCID: PMC9761621 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease presents an increasing health burden to low- and middle-income countries. Although ample therapeutic options and care improvement frameworks exist to address its prime risk factor, hypertension, blood pressure control rates remain poor. We describe the results of an effectiveness study of a multisector urban population health initiative that targets hypertension in a real-world implementation setting in cities across three continents. The initiative followed the "CARDIO4Cities" approach (quality of Care, early Access, policy Reform, Data and digital technology, Intersectoral collaboration, and local Ownership). METHOD The approach was applied in Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia, Dakar in Senegal, and São Paulo in Brazil. In each city, a portfolio of evidence-based practices was implemented, tailored to local priorities and available data. Outcomes were measured by extracting hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control rates from primary health records. Data from 18,997 patients with hypertension in primary health facilities were analyzed. RESULTS Over one to two years of implementation, blood pressure control rates among enrolled patients receiving medication tripled in São Paulo (from 12·3% to 31·2%) and Dakar (from 6·7% to 19·4%) and increased six-fold in Ulaanbaatar (from 3·1% to 19·7%). CONCLUSIONS This study provides first evidence that a multisectoral population health approach to implement known best-practices, supported by data and digital technologies, and relying on local buy-in and ownership, can improve hypertension control in high-burden urban primary care settings in low-and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boch
- grid.453815.e0000 0001 1941 4033Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Adela Santana
- grid.427645.60000 0004 0393 8328American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas USA
| | - Olivia Jones
- grid.427645.60000 0004 0393 8328American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas USA
| | - Theresa Reiker
- grid.453815.e0000 0001 1941 4033Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Des Rosiers
- grid.453815.e0000 0001 1941 4033Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason T. Shellaby
- grid.453815.e0000 0001 1941 4033Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmina Saric
- grid.416786.a0000 0004 0587 0574Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- grid.416786.a0000 0004 0587 0574Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jose M. E. Ferrer
- grid.427645.60000 0004 0393 8328American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas USA
| | - Louise Morgan
- grid.427645.60000 0004 0393 8328American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas USA
| | - Asha Barshilia
- grid.427645.60000 0004 0393 8328American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas USA
| | | | - Alvaro Avezum
- grid.414358.f0000 0004 0386 8219Sociedade de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo & Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Márcia Cerqueira
- grid.419738.00000 0004 0525 5782Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Mauro Dib
- grid.419738.00000 0004 0525 5782Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Babacar Guèye
- Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Karim Seck
- grid.453815.e0000 0001 1941 4033Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Aerts
- grid.453815.e0000 0001 1941 4033Novartis Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
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Moreno A, Díez F, Ferreira L. Business Leadership from a Gender Perspective and Its Impact on the Work Environment and Employee's Well-Being in Companies in the Basque Country. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:30. [PMID: 35010284 PMCID: PMC8750843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
If the workplace environment is good, the health and well-being of employees will be good too. This research aims to distinguish whether there are differences when it comes to being directed by a man or a woman and whether this affects employees. An ad hoc questionnaire was applied, collecting personal information and including the MLQ-6 S. It was sent by mail and answered by 549 employees of 16 companies in the Basque Country, Spain. A total of 277 (50.5%) men and 272 (49.5%) women participated, among whom there were 63 managers. The methodology shows a double perspective of how employees understand and perceive the differences between male and female business leaders and how managers see themselves exercising this leadership. No significant differences have been perceived. Both men and women believe they make their employees feel good about exercising leadership (M = 42.11%, W = 48.00%) quite often. Employed women consider it more challenging to become leaders and reconcile their work-life. Men do not think so. Communication is the tool that women managers know best how to handle and where men seem to fail more. Working on it could achieve more business success and better health in employees.
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