Prevalence and factors associated with PTSD among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Survivors of a Cohort of Road Accident Victims in Benin: Results of a 12-Month Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent psychiatric complication in road accident survivors. However, it remains under-explored and is not taken into account in health policies in Benin. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of PTSD after a road traffic accident. This will help to improve its diagnosis and management in Benin hospitals.

Materials and Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. Consenting victims of road traffic accidents from three hospitals across Benin, aged 18 years and above, living in the south of the country, were administered various questionnaires at 12-month follow-up. Data on PTSD were collected using a pre-tested, structured and standardized post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire, the PTSD Checklist (specific version) (PCL-S). A logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with PTSD. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) followed by a 95% confidence interval was calculated to determine the level of significance with a p-value less than 0.05.

Results

Out of 865 patients in the cohort eligible for the 12-month follow-up, 734 (85%) participated in the study. The prevalence of PTSD was 26.43% (95% CI: 23.36–29.75). Factors associated with PTSD on multivariate analysis were female gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.38–3.33), hospitalization (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.21–2.89), negative impact of the accident on income (AOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 2.16–8.25), and no return to work (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.99–5.06).

Conclusion

The prevalence of PTSD is high in road accident survivors in Benin. The results of this study highlight the need for early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach to the management of PTSD patients in Benin’s hospitals.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Suicidal Behavior, Substance Use, and Sexual Victimization Among Adolescent Girls Aged 10-19 Years Living Under Ethnic-Based Civil War in Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, impairing mental disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. Despite many factors putting adolescent girls at risk of PTSD, little is known about the prevalence and how adolescent girls cope with the PTSD burden. So, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PTSD and associated factors among adolescent girls in three selected towns in Southwest Ethiopia.

METHODS

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 adolescent girls from May 27 to July 27, 2021. The participants were selected by a systematic random sampling method. PTSD and substance use disorder were assessed by DSM V criteria for mental disorders. The data was entered into Epi Data Manager Version 4.0.2 before being exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis. A logistic regression model was used, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 in the final fitting model were stated as independent predictors of PTSD.

RESULTS

The prevalence of PTSD among the adolescent girls was 22%, and about three in four (72.7%) of the adolescent girls developed PTSD after exposure to sexual violence. Furthermore, PTSD was associated with Khat use disorder (AOR, 95% CI: 2.79 (1.47-5.30), alcohol use disorder (AOR, 95% CI: 5.27 (2.21-12.60), and suicidal behavior (AOR, 95% CI: 2.12 (1.20-3.74)).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of PTSD was high among adolescent girls, and suicidal ideation or attempt, khat use disorder, and alcohol use disorder were risk factors for PTSD. Therefore, early screening for PTSD and comorbid risk factors among this particular age group and managing accordingly is warranted.