1
|
Aydin M, Degirmenci T, Bozatli O, Balsalobre-Lorente D. Fresh evidence of the impact of economic complexity, health expenditure, natural resources, plastic consumption, and renewable energy in air pollution deaths in the USA? An empirical approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171127. [PMID: 38387562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Most plastic waste generated from plastic consumption cannot be recycled and is destroyed by burning. As a result of burning plastics, microplastics spread into the atmosphere, increasing air pollution. Respiratory diseases and chronic health problems are caused by air pollution. Approximately 7 million people die each year due to pollution-related ailments. Therefore, it is crucial to provide empirical evidence rather than approximate estimates of the role of plastic consumption in air pollution-related deaths. Also, understanding the causes of air pollution-related deaths and demonstrating the policies' effectiveness will provide valuable insights for policymakers, the international community, and researchers. This study investigates the effects of plastic consumption, health expenditures, natural resources, economic complexity, and renewable energy on air pollution deaths in the USA from 1995 to 2019 using the novel Fourier Augmented ARDL method. The findings show that plastic consumption, health expenditures, natural resources, and economic complexity increase air pollution deaths, while renewable energy decreases it. Such findings imply that plastic consumption is an essential determinant of air pollution-related mortality, that health policy must be reconsidered, that efficient use of resources is important and that sophisticated economic structures do not always produce the desired results. Overall, policymakers should review health policies to reduce deaths from air pollution and take measures to support green growth using renewable energy and economic complexity tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mucahit Aydin
- Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Econometrics, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, Serdivan/Sakarya, Turkiye; UNEC Research Methods Application Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiqlaliyyat Str. 6, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan; Sakarya University Technology Developing Zones Manager Company, 54050, Sakarya, Turkiye.
| | - Tunahan Degirmenci
- UNEC Research Methods Application Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiqlaliyyat Str. 6, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan; Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Public Finance, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, Serdivan/Sakarya, Turkiye.
| | - Oguzhan Bozatli
- UNEC Research Methods Application Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiqlaliyyat Str. 6, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan; Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Kadirli Vocational School, Department of Accounting and Taxation, Osmaniye, Turkiye.
| | - Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente
- UNEC Research Methods Application Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiqlaliyyat Str. 6, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan; Department of Applied Economics, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naveed M, Islam M, Usman M, Kamal M, Khan MF. Demystifying the association between economic development, transportation, tourism, renewable energy, and ecological footprint in Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation region during globalization mode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120137-120154. [PMID: 37938487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) economies have yet to meaningfully contribute to accomplishing Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7) affordable and clean energy, (SDG 8) decent work and economic growth, and (SDG 13) climate action. Dealing with this issue might require a shift or alteration of policy framework that is the major theme of this study. Consequently, this present research inspects the influence of economic growth, transportation, tourism sector development, and renewable energy on ecological footprint using panel time series from 1990 and 2019 for the BIMSTEC region. To evaluate this dynamic nexus between the mentioned environmental pollution drivers of ecological footprint, this study employed the augumented mean group (AMG) and common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) regression estimators after detection of cross-sectional dependency. The empirical outcomes denote that economic growth and transportation sector of BIMSTEC countries increase the levels of ecological footprint. Conversely, tourism sector development, globalization, and renewable energy protect the ecological excellence in the region. Moreover, it is observed that a unidirectional causality exists from economic growth to ecological footprint, ecological footprint to transportation, tourism to ecological footprint, and globalization to ecological footprint, while bidirectional causality exists between renewable energy and ecological footprint. By observing the positive function of tourism, green energy, and globalization on sustainable environment progress, central authorities are capable to redesign policies concerning supportable efficient technologies and regulate globalization towards green programs and agenda to reduce global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- School of Economics and Trade, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Minhazul Islam
- School of Economics and Trade, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Economics and Management, and Center for Industrial Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, 32256, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Azimi MN, Rahman MM, Nghiem S. A global perspective on the governance-health nexus. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1235. [PMID: 37950257 PMCID: PMC10638824 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study raises two key arguments: First, government health expenditure (GHE) and per capita out-of-pocket expenditures on healthcare (OPEH) are sensitive to contemporary good governance practices, giving policy importance to the exogeneity of healthcare determinants, i.e., governance for health rather than health governance. Second, it is the income level of countries that reflects the volatility of the governance spillovers on the subject. METHODS The present study constructs a composite governance index (CGI) and employs a set of panel data for 144 countries over the period from 2002 to 2020. To allow comparability and extract specific policy implications, the countries are classified as full, high-, middle-, and low-income panels. Meanwhile to delve into the short- and long-run effects of CGI on GHE and OPEH, the study employs the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL) model. Further, to establish a causal link between the variables, it uses the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality technique. RESULTS The results indicate that CGI is significantly cointegrated with GHE and OPEH in all recipient panels. It indicates that while CGI has significantly positive impacts on GHE and OPEH, its effects vary according to the income level of the underlying economies. The findings support the idea of governance for health and show that CGI drives the stabilization and enhancement of GHE and OPEH in the long run. Furthermore, the findings reveal that economic growth, the age dependency ratio, and tax revenue have positive effects, while the crude death rate and the child mortality rate exert negative impacts on the subject. Finally, the results highlight a unidirectional causality running from CGI to GHE and OPEH, while no feedback response is evident. CONCLUSIONS Although an increase in GHE and OPEH is associated with the improvement of the population's healthcare, the results suggest the recognition of the importance and institutionalization of good governance to streamline this improvement through effective channelization, outreach, and social environment development for extensive health inclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naim Azimi
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, 487-535 West St, Toowoomba, Darling Heights, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, 487-535 West St, Toowoomba, Darling Heights, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Son Nghiem
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sohail A, Du J, Abbasi BN. Exploring the interrelationship among health status, CO 2 emissions, and energy use in the top 20 highest emitting economies: based on the CS-DL and CS-ARDL approaches. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:1-24. [PMID: 37359391 PMCID: PMC10072818 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) which is caused by energy use contributes to the global average surface temperature increase by 1.5 °C as compared to the mid-1800s which is causing a certain change in the climate and becoming an adverse effect on health and economy. The relationship between health status, CO2e, and energy use has yet to be thoroughly investigated in the top 20 highest emitting economies. The data from 2000 to 2019 is analyzed by using advanced techniques of cross-sectional augmented distributed lag (CS-DL) and cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) which take into consideration crucial elements of panel data, namely dynamics, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. Moreover, cross-sectional augmented error correction method (CS-ECM) and the common dynamic process of the augmented mean group (AMG) are applied for robustness checks. The empirical findings revealed that (i) CO2e weakens the health status only in the short-run, whereas health expenditure improves the health status in the both short- and long-runs, while economic growth is not contributing to the health status in the both short- and long-runs; (ii) health expenditure and economic growth only help to mitigate CO2e in the long-run, whereas energy use causes CO2e in the both short- and long-runs; (iii) energy use causes high economic growth in the both short- and long-runs, whereas CO2e aids economic growth in the short-run but is extremely damaging to economic growth in the long-run, while in the both short- and long-runs health expenditure is not aiding the economic growth. This study provides policy recommendations on improving human health by advocating massive health expenditures, CO2e easing, promoting renewable energy use or low-emission energy, and steering the economy toward green economic growth. Graphical abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sohail
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi China
| | - Jinfeng Du
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omri A, Kahouli B, Kahia M. Impacts of health expenditures and environmental degradation on health status—Disability-adjusted life years and infant mortality. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1118501. [PMID: 37056662 PMCID: PMC10086125 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHuman health and well-being are intimately related to environmental quality. In this respect, the present study contributes to the existing health economic literature by examining whether public and private health expenditures (PPHE) moderate the incidences of environmental degradation on the health status in Saudi Arabia, particularly disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and infant mortality.MethodsUsing the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method.Results and DiscussionThe empirical results revealed that (i) unconditional positive impacts of CO2 emissions on increasing DALYs and infant mortality; (ii) conditional negative impacts of public health expenditures on DALYs and infant mortality in all the estimated models, whereas global and private expenditure contribute only on reducing infant mortality; (iii) public health expenditure is more effective than private health expenditure in reducing infant mortality; (iv) the effects of the interactions between the indicators of both health expenditures and CO2 emissions on DALYs and infant mortality are negative and significant only for the specifications relating to public health expenditures, indicating that this later could be employed as a policy or conditional variable that moderates the adverse impacts of carbon emissions on the population’s health status. Generally, the study presents an overview of environmental health change’s effects and examine how these effects may be reduced through increasing health spending. The study provides recommendations for addressing health status, health expenditures, and carbon emissions, all of which are directly or indirectly linked to the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Omri
- Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Kahouli
- Community College, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Bassem Kahouli,
| | - Montassar Kahia
- Department of Finance and Economics, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rahman MM, Alam K. Effects of globalization, energy consumption and ICT on health status in Australia: the role of financial development and education. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1565. [PMID: 35978423 PMCID: PMC9382624 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of COVID-19 has alerted governments around the world, including Australia, to think seriously about the health issues. Life expectancy is one of such issues. Therefore, this study tries to reveal the effects of globalization, energy consumption, information and communication technology, financial development, education rate, and economic growth on life expectancy at birth in Australia. Methods Using the data period of 1990–2018, a series of econometric techniques: the Dickey-Fuller generalized least square test, Autoregressive Distributive Lag bounds test, fully modified ordinary least square method and the pairwise Granger causality test, are applied. Results The findings disclose that globalization, renewable energy use, information and communication technology, per capita gross domestic product, education rate, and financial development increased during this period but non-renewable energy use reduced life expectancy at birth. Unidirectional causal associations of the studied variables with life expectancy at birth are also revealed. Conclusions All the outcomes are relevant and useful for articulating an innovative policy in the health sector. The prime policy implication of this work is: the effective, efficient, and inclusive policies considering globalization, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, information and communication technology, financial development, education rate, and economic growth should be formulated and executed for guaranteeing health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khosrul Alam
- Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rahman MM, Alam K, Khanam R. Socio-economic factors affecting high infant and child mortality rates in selected African countries: does globalisation play any role? Global Health 2022; 18:69. [PMID: 35799303 PMCID: PMC9261177 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the declining trends worldwide, infant and child mortality rates are still high in many African countries. These high rates are problematic; therefore, this study attempts to explore the contributing factors that cause high infant and child mortality rates in 14 African countries using panel data for the period of 2000–2018. In particular, the role globalisation is explored. Methods The panel corrected standard error (PCSE), the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) models, and the pair-wise Granger causality test have been applied as methodological approaches. Results The public health expenditure, numbers of physicians, globalization, economic development, education, good governance, and HIV prevalence rate have been revealed as the determinants of infant and child mortality in these countries. All these variables except the HIV prevalence rate negatively affect the infant and child mortality rates, while the HIV prevalence rate is found to be positive. Bidirectional and unidirectional causal relationships between the variables are also attained. Conclusions Effective socio-economic policy priority with due consideration of globalization should be emphasized to reduce infant and child mortality rates in these countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Khosrul Alam
- Department of Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Causal Nexus among Energy Consumption, Environmental Degradation, Financial Development and Health Outcome: Empirical Study for Pakistan. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pakistan is facing an energy crisis and is also severely affected by climate change. Moreover, Pakistan is not doing well as far as health outcome indicators are concerned. The causal nexus among energy, environment, and health outcomes is well-established in literature. Besides, financial development also grabs the attention of health outcome literature as financial development can play a significant role in improving health outcomes. Thus, this study was conducted to test the causal nexus among energy consumption, environmental degradation, financial development, and health outcomes in the case of Pakistan. This study proxies health outcomes with life expectancy and infant mortality. Time series data have been analyzed through different econometric techniques, such as unit root tests, cointegration techniques, causality techniques, and cointegration regressions. Moreover, this study not just discovers the causal direction among variables but also determines the strength of causality through variance decomposition. Results of the study confirm that all variables of the study are cointegrated in the long run. The causality analysis reveals that unidirectional causality is running from energy consumption and environmental degradation to health outcomes, whereas bidirectional causality is found between financial development and health outcomes in the long run. Besides, this study also determines the effect of energy, environmental degradation, and financial development in the health outcome model and finds that energy and financial development can help Pakistan to improve health outcomes. Policy implications are recommended for Pakistan.
Collapse
|