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Jelleli H, Ben Aissa M, Kaddech N, Saidane M, Guelmami N, Bragazzi NL, Bonsaksen T, Fekih-Romdhane F, Dergaa I. Examining the interplay between physical activity, problematic internet use and the negative emotional state of depression, anxiety and stress: insights from a moderated mediation path model in university students. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:406. [PMID: 39054507 PMCID: PMC11274773 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Problematic Internet Use (PIU), emotional states of stress, anxiety and depression, and the practice of physical activity among Tunisian students. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 976 university students aged 20.76 ± 1.63 years (46.8% female). They filled out an online survey comprised of a socio-demographic questionnaire, the depression, anxiety and stress scale- 21 items (DASS-21), the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the compulsive internet use scale (CIUS). Students were divided, based on their economic levels, into three groups: low (n = 256, 26.23%), medium (n = 523, 53.59%) and high (n = 197, 20.18%). RESULTS Mediation analysis: Indirect effects of IPAQ and gender on DASS-21 were highlighted: β= -0.18 (p < 0.01) and β= -0.04, P < 0.01) respectively. In addition, a significant and negative effect of IPAQ on CIUS was demonstrated (β = -0.45, P < 0.01). In addition, the effect of CIUS on DASS-21 was significant (β = 0.39, P < 0.01). Also, the effect of gender on CIUS was significant (β=-0.10, P < 0.01) However, its effect on DASS-21 was not significant (β = 0.05, p = 0.078). The total effect of IPAQ on DASS21 was significant (β= -0.52, p < 0.01) but the effect of Gender on DASS-21 was not significant (β = 0.01, p = 0.817). Moderation analysis: the results showed a significant moderation effect of the interaction between IPAQ and Gender on CIUS (β = 0.07, p < 0.01). However, it was not significant between Gender and CIUS on DASS-21 (β = 0.09, p = 0.390) and between IPAQ and Gender on DASS21 (β = 0.01, p = 0.736) Also, the interaction between IPAQ and CIUS did not have a significant moderation effect on DASS-21 (β = 0.15, p = 0.115). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that relationships between PIU and negative emotional state of depression, anxiety and stress are mediated via physical exercise. These results underscore the importance of the physical activity factor in the studies analyzing longitudinal effects of PIU on mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Jelleli
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Aissa
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Kaddech
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Saidane
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia.
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, P.O. Box 26555, Qatar.
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Oliveira AJ, Pancoti BM, Oliveira BRR, de Figueiredo JA, Paravidino V. Associations of occupational physical activity and active transport with depressive symptoms in a middle-income country. Public Health 2024; 232:195-200. [PMID: 38805868 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the associations of occupational physical activity and active transport with depressive symptoms, stratified by income range, among Brazilian working adults. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study drew on data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. METHODS We used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms in working adults aged 18-65 years, with physical activities (occupational physical activity and active transport) self-reported through a specially developed questionnaire. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were fitted. RESULTS Individuals at the highest level of occupational physical activity (odds ratio [OR] 1.35; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.19-1.53) and at the moderate level of active transport to work (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.24-2.22) returned increased odds of depressive symptoms as compared with those who were inactive in these domains. Stratified by income group, light active transport to work (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34-0.95) in the lower income group (Range 1) was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, individuals at the highest level of active transport to work returned higher odds of depressive symptoms in the low- and intermediate-income groups, Ranges 3 and 4 (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.22-3.00 and OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.71-4.95, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that occupational physical activity and active transport may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms. They also point to differences in this relationship by income range. Further studies are needed to pursue the analysis of how specific domains of physical activity contribute to depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Oliveira
- Laboratory of Social Dimensions Applied to Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil.
| | - B M Pancoti
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - B R R Oliveira
- Laboratory of Social Dimensions Applied to Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - J A de Figueiredo
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Meng Y, Ma N, Shi Y, Zhang N, Wu J, Cui X, Niu W. The association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with depression in US adults: NHANES 2007-2018. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1404407. [PMID: 38975361 PMCID: PMC11224452 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1404407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Depression is largely preventable, and strategies that can effectively suppress its development are imperative. We aimed to examine whether physical activity and sedentary behavior were associated with depression and explore the possible mediatory role of complete blood count in this association. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data were integrated from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (2007-2018). Depression was defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The risk for depression, expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), was quantified by survey-weighted logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 31,204 respondents were analyzed. Significance was identified for all, except walking or bicycling per week, types of physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Per 1 standard deviation (SD) increment in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) of weekly vigorous recreational physical activity was associated with 31.3% decreased depression risk (adjusted OR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.5663-0.840). Per 1 SD increment in sitting time can increase depression risk by 22.4% (adjusted OR: 1.224, 95% CI: 1.131-1.325). In subsidiary analyses, the association with depression was reinforced in respondents aged ≤65 years and those overweight or obese. Mediation analyses revealed significant effects for red blood cell (RBC) on total MET (19.4%) and moderate work-related physical activity (MWPA) (22.0%), and for red cell distribution wide (RCDW) on vigorous work-related physical activity (17.7%), moderate work-related physical activity (13.1%), total MET (11.2%), and sitting time (16.4%) (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our findings indicate that more physical activity and less sitting time were associated with a lower likelihood of having depression among US adults, and this association was probably mediated by RBC and RCDW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Meng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Fei S, Liu M, Shanshan H, Xie R, Danni W, Ningying Z. Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and depression: a cross-sectional study. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230450. [PMID: 38657652 PMCID: PMC11227061 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Depression has become a multifaceted global health issue, with complex connections to obesity. Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) can effectively evaluate central obesity, but the relationship between WWI and depression has not been well studied. The study aims to investigate the potential correlation between these two health parameters. Methods According to the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this cross-sectional study used multiple regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting to explore the relationship between WWI and depression. The assessment ability of WWI was evaluated and compared to other obesity indicators using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results This study analyzed 38,154 participants. Higher WWI is associated with higher depression scores (β = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.36-0.47). After adjusting for various confounding factors, the positive correlation between WWI and depression remained significant (P for trend < 0.0001). Nonlinear positive correlation was detected with a breakpoint of 11.14. ROC analysis shows that compared to other obesity indicators (ROCWWI = 0.593; ROCBMI = 0.584; and ROCWC = 0.581), the correlation between WWI and depression has better discrimination and accuracy. DII mediated 4.93%, SII mediated 5.08%, and sedentary mediated 0.35% of the total association between WWI and depression. Conclusion WWI levels were related to an increased likelihood of depression and showed a stronger relationship than BMI and waist circumference. Our findings indicated that WWI may serve as a simple anthropometric index to evaluate depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Fei
- Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Hu Shanshan
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Xie
- Department of Microsurgery, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wu Danni
- Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhou Ningying
- Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Lin J, Pei T, Yang H. Association between modifiable lifestyle pattern and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:591. [PMID: 38773498 PMCID: PMC11110925 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis can be avoided with a healthy lifestyle. However, studies have only looked at one lifestyle, ignoring the connection between lifestyle patterns and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to look at the association between modifiable lifestyle patterns and periodontitis. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. Smoke, drink, exercise, sleep duration, oral exams, and self-rated oral health were all lifestyle factors. The CDC/AAP classification/case definition was used to evaluate periodontitis. Drawing upon latent class analysis, distinct patterns of lifestyle were identified, with each participant exclusively affiliated with a single pattern. The association between lifestyle classes and periodontitis was then examined using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS 4686 (52%) of the total 9034 participants, with a mean age of 54.08, were women. Three lifestyle latent classes were found by fitting 2-10 models: "Class 1" (52%), " Class 2" (13%), and " Class 3" (35%). The "Class 1" displayed a prevalence of oral examination (75%), favorable self-rated oral health (92%), and engagement in physical activity (50%). The 'Class 2' exhibited the lowest alcohol consumption (64%) and smoking rates (73%) but the highest prevalence of physical inactivity (98%). The 'Class 3' showed a tendency for smoking (72%), alcohol consumption (78%), shorter sleep duration (50%), absence of oral examinations (75%), and suboptimal self-rated oral health (68%). The influencing variables for the latent classes of lifestyle were age, education, and poverty level. Periodontitis risk may rise by 24% for each additional unhealthy lifestyle practiced by participants (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.18-1.31). The 'Class 3' (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.52-2.13) had a greater risk of periodontitis compared to the 'Class 1'. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed that unhealthy lifestyle patterns are associated with periodontitis. These different lifestyle patterns need to be taken into account when developing public health interventions and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Lin
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, FutianDistrict, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Pei
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, FutianDistrict, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China.
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
- The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road, FutianDistrict, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518036, China.
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
- The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Soini E, Rosenström T, Määttänen I, Jokela M. Physical activity and specific symptoms of depression: A pooled analysis of six cohort studies. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:44-53. [PMID: 38128736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between physical activity (PA) and depression is well-established, but the details that explain this association remain elusive. We examined whether PA is differentially associated with specific symptoms of depression (e.g., cognitive vs somatic symptoms), and whether these associations follow a dose-response pattern with respect to intensity or frequency of PA. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were based on 6 samples of the continuous U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) carried out between 2007 and 2018 (n = 28,520). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Information about PA (vigorous, moderate, and daily commuting by foot or bike) and covariates was self-reported. RESULTS After adjusting for education, health behaviors, body-mass index, physical functioning, and all the other depressive symptoms, lower PA was specifically associated with four depressive symptoms: loss of interest/pleasure, feeling down/hopeless, fatigue, and changes in appetite (odds ratios from 0.94 to 0.59). A monotonic dose-response pattern on PA amount was observed only for interest/pleasure and fatigue, and these associations were independent of PA intensity. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional data did not allow us to assess temporal ordering. Both depressive symptoms and PA were self-reported, which may induce bias. CONCLUSION Low PA may be linked to depressive symptoms particularly through the symptoms of anhedonia and fatigue. Given that their association with PA amount follows a dose-response pattern and is independent of PA intensity, we hypothesize that behavioral activation and exposure to rewarding experiences might help to explain why PA alleviates depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Soini
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tom Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmari Määttänen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Keller-Varady K, Haufe S, Schieffer E, Kerling A, Tegtbur U, Kahl KG. Personalized training as a promoter for physical activity in people with depressive disorder-a randomized controlled trial in Germany. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1158705. [PMID: 37457780 PMCID: PMC10338920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adopting an active lifestyle is an important goal, but can be difficult to achieve for people with depressive disorders. Current guidelines recommend the integration of physical activity in the multimodal treatment of depressive disorders. However, the possibilities to provide individual support for physical activities are frequently limited. The aim of our study was to examine how physical activity can be increased in a real-world setting by combining physical training and psychological interventions. Materials and methods In this randomized-controlled interventional study, 31 outpatients diagnosed with moderate to severe depression were recruited from the region of Hannover. The intervention group (n = 16) was offered six weekly individual sessions lasting between 60 and 90 min with a sports scientist, including Motivational Interviewing and accompanied exercise activities. The control group (n = 15) received a written booklet with information on steps toward becoming more active. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as the primary outcome was analyzed using activity sensors before and after the 6-week intervention, and 3 months subsequently. Secondary outcomes included the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Sit-to-Stand test (STS), and mental health assessed with self-rating questionnaires. Results In the intervention group, MVPA increased significantly between baseline and the first follow-up and remained at an increased level at the second follow-up in comparison to decreased levels in the control group (difference of 15.5 min/day between groups over time, SE = 6.2 min/day, 95%-CI[2.7, 28.3], p = 0.020). The increased activity level was associated with markers of increased fitness (6MWT and STS) in the intervention group. Both groups showed comparable improvements in depressive symptoms, while the number of patients receiving antidepressants increased in the control group and decreased in the intervention group. Two patients dropped out of the intervention group during the trial. Conclusion The intervention proved to be a feasible and effective aid to promote a physically active lifestyle for patients diagnosed with depression. Furthermore, the higher level of physical activity was maintained for the follow-up period. Given the success of the approach evaluated in this project, individual support for physical activity should be investigated in larger sample sizes and potentially be considered in the multimodal treatment of depression. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [DRKS00023257].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriona Keller-Varady
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Haufe
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schieffer
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arno Kerling
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai G. Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Sadowsky SJ. Peri-implantitis after 40 years: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications: A mapping review. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00114-2. [PMID: 36935269 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The high prevalence of peri-implantitis (PI) continues to plague patients and the disease is resistant to present treatment regimens. An analysis of the available research is lacking. PURPOSE Given the abundance and diversity of research on the topic of PI, the purpose of this mapping review was to synthesize the literature on the prevention of PI, the histopathology of the disease, the state of present therapeutics, and any emerging treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive literature search was undertaken by using the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The keyword strings were peri-implantitis, dental implant, risk assessment, histopathology, prosthesis design, and treatment. The filters applied were time interval from 2000 to 2002; language, English. RESULTS A total of 3635 articles were taken from PubMed, 3686 articles from Web of Science, and 2450 articles from Science Direct. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the titles and abstracts of selected investigations, 214 studies were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS The evidence reflects a concerning incidence of PI, without a predictable treatment protocol. An in-depth patient risk assessment considering risk modification, emphasis on surgical and restorative expertise, and strict recall and maintenance is essential to minimize PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Sadowsky
- Professor, Preventive and Restorative Department, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, Calif.
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