The association between healthy beverage index and quality of life among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

Investigation of the interaction between genetic risk score (GRS) and fatty acid quality indices on metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese women

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Metabolic syndrome is one of the major public-health challenges, affecting one-quarter of the world population. Fatty acid quality indices are novel determinants of this disease and their interactions with genetic factors may have an impact on metabolic syndrome risk. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the interaction between genetic risk score (GRS) and fatty acid quality indices with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among overweight and obese women.

METHODS

In the present cross-sectional study, 279 overweight and obese women (18-48 years old) were included. Several anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percent (BF%) were measured. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured. Biochemical determination was performed for fasting blood glucose (FBS), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). MetS was determined according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Dietary intake was evaluated by a validated and reliable 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cholesterol-saturated fat index (CSI) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (ω-6/ω-3) essential fatty acids were considered as fat quality indices. The salting-out method was used to extract the total DNA. The unweighted GRS was calculated using the risk alleles of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms. The total average GRS value was 2 and the sum of the risk alleles of the 3 polymorphisms was 6.

RESULT

The results of our analysis showed that after controlling for age, energy intake, BMI, and physical activity, there was a positive interaction between T2 of GRS and T2 of N6/N3 ratio on WC (β = 7.95, 95%CI = 0.83,15.08, P = 0.029), T3 of GRS and T2 of N6/N3 ratio on DBP (β = 5.93, 95%CI= -0.76,12.63, P = 0.083), and FBS (β = 6.47, 95%CI = 0.59,13.53, P = 0.073), T3 of GRS and T3 of N6/N3 ratio on TG (β = 54.42, 95%CI = 1.76,107.08, P = 0.043), and T3 of GRS and T3 of CSI on BF% (β = 3.55, 95%CI= -0.35,7.45, P = 0.075). Also T2 of GRS in the interaction with T3 of CSI leads to an decrease - 8.35 mg/dl in HDL level after adjustment in (β= -8.35, 95%CI= -17.34,0.62, P = 0.068).

CONCLUSION

It seems the interaction of GRS and fatty acid quality indices is positively associated with several components of metabolic syndrome such as WC, TG and BF%. Our findings are of importance to public health, considering the high consumption of foods that are high on fatty acids. Conflicting evidence of many previous studies regarding the effect of fat intake and obesity and cardiovascular diseases could be because of the gene-diet interactions and genetic heterogeneity across various ethnic groups. Hence, the synergism effect of genetic and dietay intakes should be considered in future studies.

The interaction between MALAT1 and TUG1 with dietary fatty acid quality indices on visceral adiposity index and body adiposity index

We aimed to investigate the interaction between the transcript levels of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) in relation to the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI). This cross-sectional study involved 346 women classified as obese and overweight, aged between 18 and 48 years. Dietary intake and the quality of dietary fat were assessed using a validated and reliable 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, with the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) used as an indicator. Transcription levels of MALAT1 and TUG1 were evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction following the criteria outlined in the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative standards. Serum profiles were measured using standard protocols. We observed a positive association between transcription level of MALAT1 and VAI in both crude (β = 3.646, 95% CI 1.950-5.341, p < 0.001) and adjusted (β = 8.338, 95% CI 6.110-10.566, p < 0.001) models. Furthermore, after adjusting for confounders, a significant positive interaction was noted between MALAT1 expression and CSI on BAI (β: 0.130, 95% CI 0.019, 0.240, p = 0.022), with a marginal positive interaction observed on VAI (β: 0.718, 95% CI - 0.028, 1.463, p = 0.059). It seems that there may be a positive interaction between MALAT1 transcription level and CSI on VAI and BAI among overweight and obese women. However, no associations were seen between TUG1 mRNA level and the above-mentioned outcomes. Further functional studies are still required to elucidate this concept.

The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenic obesity among women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION

Sarcopenic obesity is related to changes in body composition, loss of muscle mass, and raised adipose tissue. Beverage patterns are effective with changes in health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the healthy beverage index (HBI) in women with overweight and obesity.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study conducted on 210 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) women aged 18-56 years. The measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) done by bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA) (Inbody Co., Seoul, Korea) based on guidelines. The two lowest quintiles SMM and the two highest quintiles FM and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 are considered sarcopenic obesity in women. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the beverage dietary data. and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments were quantified by standard approaches, and physical activity were evaluated by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ).

RESULT

In this cross-sectional study, 210 overweight and obese females took part (18-56) years old). The studies were carried out using binary logistic regression. After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, physical activity, education, and economic status, we found a negative association between HBI and risk of SO (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.01, P = 0.05).

CONCLUSION

We observed that the odds of SO was reduced by 69% in participants with higher HBI score. More well-designed studies need to confirm our findings.