Li G, Liu L, Liu DL, Yu ZZ, Golden AR, Yin XY, Cai L. Tobacco exposure and alcohol drinking prevalence and associations with hypertension in rural southwest China: A cross-sectional study.
Tob Induc Dis 2024;
22:TID-22-101. [PMID:
38860152 PMCID:
PMC11163415 DOI:
10.18332/tid/189222]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
This study examined the prevalence of tobacco exposure and drinking and ascertained the relationships between tobacco exposure, alcohol drinking, concurrent smoking and drinking, and hypertension in rural southwestern China.
METHODS
Data were collected from a cross-sectional health interview and examination survey, which included 7572 adults aged ≥35 years, in rural China. Participant demographic characteristics, smoking habits, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), and alcohol drinking habits were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP), height, weight, and waist circumference were measured for each participant.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of smoking, SHS exposure, drinking, concurrent smoking and drinking, concurrent exposure to SHS and drinking, and hypertension was 37.7%, 27.4%, 16.2%, 12.6%, 1.6%, and 41.3%, respectively. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking (74.1% vs 2.2%, p<0.01), drinking (31.1% vs 1.7%, p<0.01), and concurrent smoking and drinking than females (25.3% vs 0.3%, p<0.01). However, females had a higher prevalence of SHS exposure than males (30.2% vs 20.6%, p<0.01). Ethnic minorities had a higher prevalence of SHS exposure, drinking, and concurrent smoking and drinking, than Han participants (p<0.01). Participants with a higher education level had a higher prevalence of smoking, drinking, and concurrent smoking and drinking than their counterparts (p<0.01). In contrast, participants with a lower education level had a higher prevalence of SHS exposure than their counterparts (p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that smokers (AOR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.13-1.51), individuals exposed to SHS (AOR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.11-1.43), drinkers (AOR=1.31; 95%: CI: 1.15-1.50), and concurrent smokers and drinkers (AOR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.25-1.67) all had a higher probability of having hypertension (p<0.01). Additionally, concurrent smoking and drinking had the strongest association with the prevalence of hypertension (AOR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.25-1.67; p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Socioeconomic factors play an important role in influencing the prevalence of smoking, exposure to SHS, and drinking in rural southwest China. Interventions to prevent and reduce hypertension should, in particular, focus on smokers, individuals exposed to SHS, drinkers, and, in particular, concurrent smokers and drinkers.
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