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Abu Elella MH, Al Khatib AO, Al-Obaidi H. Spray-Dried Nanolipid Powders for Pulmonary Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Mini Review. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:680. [PMID: 38794342 PMCID: PMC11125033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases have received great attention in the past years because they contribute approximately one-third of the total global mortality. Pulmonary drug delivery is regarded as one of the most appealing routes to treat lung diseases. It addresses numerous drawbacks linked to traditional dosage forms. It presents notable features, such as, for example, a non-invasive route, localized lung drug delivery, low enzymatic activity, low drug degradation, higher patient compliance, and avoiding first-pass metabolism. Therefore, the pulmonary route is commonly explored for delivering drugs both locally and systemically. Inhalable nanocarrier powders, especially, lipid nanoparticle formulations, including solid-lipid and nanostructured-lipid nanocarriers, are attracting considerable interest in addressing respiratory diseases thanks to their significant advantages, including deep lung deposition, biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesion, and controlled drug released. Spray drying is a scalable, fast, and commercially viable technique to produce nanolipid powders. This review highlights the ideal criteria for inhalable spray-dried SLN and NLC powders for the pulmonary administration route. Additionally, the most promising inhalation devices, known as dry powder inhalers (DPIs) for the pulmonary delivery of nanolipid powder-based medications, and pulmonary applications of SLN and NLC powders for treating chronic lung conditions, are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H. Abu Elella
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UR, UK; (M.H.A.E.); (A.O.A.K.)
| | - Arwa Omar Al Khatib
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UR, UK; (M.H.A.E.); (A.O.A.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19111, Jordan
| | - Hisham Al-Obaidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UR, UK; (M.H.A.E.); (A.O.A.K.)
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Alwafi H, Alsharif A. Trends in hospital admissions and prescribing due to diseases of the digestive system in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: An ecological study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37673. [PMID: 38608100 PMCID: PMC11018217 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the trends in diseases of the digestive system hospital admissions (DDSHA) in England and Wales between (1999-2019). Secondary objectives were to investigate the type of admission and medication prescribing related to the digestive system in England. This is an ecological study using data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database and the Patient Episode Database between April 1999 and March 2019. The rate of hospital admissions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated by dividing the number of DDSHA by the mid-year population. The trend in hospital admissions was assessed using a Poisson model. Overall, the rate of DDSHA rose by 84.2% (from 2231.27 [95% CI 2227.26-2235.28] in 1999 to 4109.33 [95% CI 4104.29-4114.38] in 2019 per 100,000 persons, trend test, P < .001). The most remarkable rise in hospital admission was seen in liver diseases, followed by other diseases of intestines with 1.85-fold, and 1.59-fold, respectively. Between 2004 and 2019, the overall prescribing rate for medications related to the gastrointestinal system increased by 74.6%, and stoma care related medications prescribing rate increased by 2.25-fold, followed by drugs affecting intestinal secretions and antisecretory drugs and mucosal protectants. There was an increase in hospital admission rate due to GI diseases in the United Kingdom (UK) by 84.2% from 1999 to 2019. The most remarkable rise in the rate of hospital admissions was seen in diseases of the liver and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alsharif
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Azevedo Lemos D, de Araújo Fonseca LG, Bento Florêncio R, Barbosa de Almeida JA, Dantas Florentino Lima IN, Peroni Gualdi L. Hospitalisations and fatality due to respiratory diseases according to a national database in Brazil: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002103. [PMID: 38387997 PMCID: PMC10882403 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases (RDs) cause millions of hospitalisations and deaths worldwide, resulting in economic and social impacts. Strategies for health promotion and disease prevention based on the epidemiological profile of the population may reduce hospital costs. AIM To characterise hospitalisations and deaths due to RDs in Brazilian adults above 20 years old between 2008 and 2021. METHODS This ecological study used secondary data of hospitalisations and deaths due to RDs from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System between 2008 and 2021. Data were grouped according to region, age group and sex. The period was divided into first (2008-2011), second (2012-2015) and third (2016-2019) quadrennia and one biennium (2020-2021), and all data were analysed using the GraphPad Prism; statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS A total of 9 502 378 hospitalisations due to RDs were registered between 2008 and 2021. The south and southeast regions presented the highest hospitalisation and fatality rate, respectively, in the age group ≥80 years with no significant differences between sexes. Also, RDs caused 1 170 504 deaths, with a national fatality rate of 12.32%. CONCLUSION RDs affected the Brazilian population and impaired the health system, especially the hospital environment. The south/southeast regions were the most affected, and the ageing process contributed to the increased incidence of RDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darllane Azevedo Lemos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luiza Gabriela de Araújo Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rencio Bento Florêncio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Barbosa de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Illia Nadinne Dantas Florentino Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lucien Peroni Gualdi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Al Shoaraa OA, Qadus S, Naser AY. Medication prescription profile and hospital admission related to medication administration errors in England and Wales: an ecological study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e079932. [PMID: 37984953 PMCID: PMC10660783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between prescribing rate of medications and hospital admissions related to medications administration errors in England and Wales during the time from 1999 to 2020. DESIGN An ecological study. SETTING A population-based study using hospital admission data that are publicly available in the UK. Data in this study were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database in Wales from Wales. The Prescription Cost Analysis database was used to extract the prescription data. PARTICIPANTS Patients who were hospitalised all National Health Service (NHS) trusts and any independent sector funded by NHS trusts. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Hospitalisation rates related to medication administration errors and its associated prescriptions. RESULTS The annual rate of hospital admissions related to medication administration errors increased by 32.0% (from 184.21 (95% CI 183.0 to 185.4) in 1999 to 243.18 (95% CI 241.9 to 244.4) in 2020 per 100 000 persons. The most common three indications of hospital admissions were T39 (non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics), T43 (psychotropic drugs), T42 (antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic and antiparkinsonism drugs). The age group 15-59 years had the highest number of hospital admissions (83.4%). Women contributed to 59.1% of the total number of hospital admissions. Admission rate among men increased by 16.7%. Among women, the admission rate increased by 44.6%. CONCLUSION Admission rates due to medication administration errors increased markedly in the past decade. This increase was correlated with an increase in the prescription rate of several therapeutic classes. Patients taking non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics, psychiatric medications, antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic and antiparkinsonism drugs should have their recommended (and administered) doses closely monitored. They should be followed up on a regular basis to ensure that they are taking their medications as prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudai Amjad Al Shoaraa
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University Faculty of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami Qadus
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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Naser AY, Al-shehri H. Postprocedural Complications Hospitalization Pattern Among Paediatric Patients at National Health Service Trusts: An Ecological Study in England and Wales. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3545-3554. [PMID: 38024128 PMCID: PMC10661900 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s441247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the hospitalization patterns associated with postprocedural complications among the pediatric population in England and Wales over the past two decades. Patients and Methods This was an ecological study using hospital admission data extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales for the period between April 1999 and April 2020. Postprocedural complications related hospital admissions were identified using the 10th version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) system (D78, E89, H59, H95, J95, L76, M96, and N99). Results The rate of hospital admissions declined by 2.1% [from 8.32 (95% CI 7.75-8.88) per 100,000 persons in 1999 to 8.15 (95% CI 7.61-8.68) per 100,000 persons in 2020, p>0.05]. The primary reasons for hospital admissions associated with postprocedural complications were related to the respiratory system, genitourinary system, and ear and mastoid process, constituting 43.0%, 23.8%, and 23.0% of cases, respectively. Conclusion The trend of postprocedural complications among the pediatric population has been stable in the past two decades. Continuous monitoring of the hospitalization pattern for this type of complication is important due to advancements in healthcare provision and to improve patient care and safety. Future studies are needed to examine gender-based differences related to postprocedural complications and identify important preventable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Al-shehri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alyami MH, Naser AY, Alyami HS, Algahtani TS, Alyami AH, Alsalem SA, Almansour AH, Alswar HS, Alhareth AMA. Prevalence and Knowledge of Respiratory Symptoms Among the General Public in the Southern Area of Najran, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Health Survey Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4077-4090. [PMID: 37700743 PMCID: PMC10495072 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s418152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the knowledge, prevalence of chronic respiratory disorders, and utilization of their medications among the adults at Najran region, Saudi Arabia. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was carried out in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among a random sample of the general population, aged 18 or above between March and December 2022. The survey instrument included questions regarding history and exposure, physician diagnosed-disorders, respiratory symptoms, allergy, use of medications and possible risk-related factors. Results This research had a total of 712 individuals. Nearly one-third of the participants in the survey (n = 218; 30.6%) said that they or a member of their family suffer from respiratory ailments. The majority of research participants (n = 167; 76.8%) identified asthma as their primary respiratory condition. A total of 32.0% of participants (n = 70) reported dealing with dust or chemicals such as paints, fertilizers, and cleaning products on a daily basis at work or at home. Around 62.0% of the participants (n = 134) said that exposure to gases, fragrances, and other such substances negatively impacts their health. Almost 78.0% (n = 169) of them indicated that summer weather affects their health, whereas 63.0% (n = 138) reported that winter cold affects their health. Participants aged 41-50 years were 38.0% less likely to have CRDs compared to others (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study is among the first few studies that explored the knowledge, prevalence of chronic respiratory disorders, and utilization of their medications among the adults at Najran region, Saudi Arabia. In the southern area of Najran, respiratory symptoms are frequent among the inhabitants of Saudi Arabia. More research is required to discover avoidable risk factors and create countermeasures for them. It is recommended that healthcare personnel increase their efforts to educate their patients about respiratory illness prevention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamad S Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer S Algahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Alyami
- Directorate of Health Affairs Najran, Ministry of Health, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alsalem
- Directorate of Health Affairs Najran, Ministry of Health, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hadi S Alswar
- Directorate of Health Affairs Najran, Ministry of Health, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Al Alhareth
- Directorate of Health Affairs Najran, Ministry of Health, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Al Rajeh AM, Naser AY, Siraj R, Alghamdi A, Alqahtani J, Aldabayan Y, Aldhahir A, Al Haykan A, Elmosaad YM. Acute upper respiratory infections admissions in England and Wales. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33616. [PMID: 37233440 PMCID: PMC10219745 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections block the bronchial and/or nasal systems' airways. These infections may present in a variety of ways, from minor symptoms like the common cold to more serious illnesses like pneumonia or lung collapse. Acute respiratory infections cause over 1.3 million infant deaths under the age of 5 each year throughout the world. Among all illnesses, respiratory infections make for 6% of the worldwide disease burden. We aimed to examine the admissions related to acute upper respiratory infections admissions in England and Wales for the period between April 1999 and April 2020. This was an ecological study using publicly available data extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England, and the Patient Episode Database for Wales for the period between April 1999 and April 2020. The acute upper respiratory infections-related hospital admissions were identified using the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 5th Edition (used by National Health Service [NHS] to classify diseases and other health conditions) (J00-J06). The total annual number of admissions for various reasons increased by 1.09-fold (from 92,442 in 1999 to 193,236 in 2020), expressing an increase in hospital admission rate of 82.5% (from 177.30 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 176.15-178.44] in 1999 to 323.57 [95%CI: 322.13-325.01] in 2020 per 100,000 persons, P < .01). The most common causes were acute tonsillitis and acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites, which accounted for 43.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Hospital admissions rate due to acute upper respiratory infections increased sharply during the study period. The rates of hospital admissions were higher among those in the age group below 15 and 75 years and above for the majority of respiratory infections, with a higher incidence in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Al Rajeh
- Department of respiratory care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, AL-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rayan Siraj
- Department of respiratory care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, AL-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alghamdi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Respiratory Care program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Aldabayan
- Department of respiratory care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, AL-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Aldhahir
- Department of Respiratory Care, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Haykan
- Department of respiratory care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, AL-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif Mohammed Elmosaad
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Science, King Faisal University, AL-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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AbuHammad GAR, Naser AY, Hassouneh LKM. Diabetes mellitus-related hospital admissions and prescriptions of antidiabetic agents in England and Wales: an ecological study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:102. [PMID: 37149604 PMCID: PMC10163802 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 6.5% of the population in the United Kingdom has been diagnosed with diabetes. It is associated with several long-term consequences and higher hospitalization rates. AIM To examine the profile of hospital admissions related to diabetes mellitus and the prescription rates of antidiabetic medications in England and Wales. METHOD This is an ecological study that was conducted for the period between April 1999 and April 2020 using publicly available hospitalisation data in England and Wales. Hospital admission data for patients of all ages was extracted from Hospital Episode Statistics in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. The difference between admission rates in 1999 and 2020, as well as the difference between diabetes mellitus medication prescription rates in 2004 and 2020, were assessed using the Pearson Chi-squared test. A Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to examine the trend in hospital admissions. RESULTS A total of 1,757,892 diabetes mellitus hospital admissions were recorded in England and Wales during the duration of the study. The hospital admission rate for diabetes mellitus increased by 15.2%. This increase was concomitant with an increase in the antidiabetic medication prescribing rate of 105.9% between 2004 and 2020. Males and those in the age group of 15-59 years had a higher rate of hospital admission. The most common causes of admissions were type 1 diabetes mellitus related complications, which accounted for 47.1% of all admissions. CONCLUSION This research gives an in-depth overview of the hospitalization profile in England and Wales during the previous two decades. In England and Wales, people with all types of diabetes and related problems have been hospitalized at a high rate over the past 20 years. Male gender and middle age were significant determinants in influencing admission rates. Diabetes mellitus type 1 complications were the leading cause of hospitalizations. We advocate establishing preventative and educational campaigns to promote the best standards of care for individuals with diabetes in order to lower the risk of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayda Abdel Rahman AbuHammad
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
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Spanakis M, Ioannou P, Tzalis S, Chouzouri F, Patelarou E, Kofteridis DP, Antoniou KM, Schiza SE, Patelarou A, Tzanakis N. Evaluation of Drug Interactions in Hospitalized Patients with Respiratory Disorders in Greece. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:74-92. [PMID: 36825942 PMCID: PMC9952796 DOI: 10.3390/arm91010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Patients with respiratory disorders often have additional diseases and are usually treated with more than one medication to manage their respiratory conditions as well as additional comorbidities. Thus, they are frequently exposed to polypharmacy (≥5 drugs), which raises the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this work, we present the results regarding the prevalence of DDIs in hospitalized patients with respiratory disorders in Greece. Methods: A 6-month descriptive single-center retrospective observational study enrolled 102 patients with acute or chronic respiratory disorders. Clinical characteristics and medication regimens were recorded upon admission, hospitalization, and discharge. The prevalence of DDIs and their clinical significance was recorded and analyzed. Results: Unspecified acute lower respiratory tract infection (25%), exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12%) and pneumonia (8%) were the most frequent reasons for admission. Cardiovascular disorders (46%), co-existing respiratory disorders (32%), and diabetes (25%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Polypharmacy was noted in 61% of patients upon admission, 98% during hospitalization, and 63% upon discharge. Associated DDIs were estimated to be 55% upon admission, 96% throughout hospitalization, and 63% on discharge. Pharmacodynamic (PD) DDIs were the most prevalent cases (81%) and referred mostly to potential risk for QT-prolongation (31.4% of PD-DDIs) or modulation of coagulation process as expressed through the international normalized ratio (INR) (29.0% of DDIs). Pharmacokinetic (PK) DDIs (19% of DDIs) were due to inhibition of Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism that could lead to elevated systemic drug concentrations. Clinically significant DDIs characterized as "serious-use alternative" related to 7% of cases while 59% of DDIs referred to combinations that could be characterized as "use with caution-monitor". Clinically significant DDIs mostly referred to medication regimens upon admission and discharge and were associated with outpatient prescriptions. Conclusions: Hospitalized patients with respiratory disorders often experience multimorbidity and polypharmacy that raise the risk of DDIs. Clinicians should be conscious especially if any occurring arrhythmias, INR modulations, and prolonged or increased drug action is associated with DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Spanakis
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tzalis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Flora Chouzouri
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evridiki Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Diamantis P. Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina M. Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sophia E. Schiza
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikos Tzanakis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Alwafi H, Naser AY, Ashoor DS, Aldhahir AM, Alqahtani JS, Minshawi F, Salawati E, Samannodi M, Dairi MS, Alansari AK, Ekram R. Trends in hospital admissions and prescribing due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in England and Wales between 1999 and 2020: an ecological study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:49. [PMID: 36726097 PMCID: PMC9893556 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the trends in hospital admissions and medication prescriptions related to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in England and Wales. METHODS An ecological study was conducted between April 1999 and April 2020 using data extracted from the hospital episode statistics database in England and the patient episode database for Wales. The Office of National Statistics mid-year population estimates for 1999 through 2020 were collected, and medication prescription data for 2004-2020 were extracted from the prescription cost analysis database. RESULTS The total annual number of COPD and asthma hospital admissions for various causes increased by 82.2%, from 210,525 in 1999 to 383,652 in 2020, representing a 59.1% increase in hospital admission rate (from 403.77 in 1999 to 642.42 per 100,000 persons in 2020, p < 0.05). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection accounted for 38.7% of hospital admissions. Around 34.7% of all hospital admissions involved patients aged 75 and older. Around 53.8% of all COPD and asthma hospital admissions were attributable to females. The annual number of prescriptions dispensed for COPD and asthma medications increased by 42.2%. CONCLUSIONS Throughout the study period, hospital admissions due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as medication prescriptions, increased dramatically among all age groups. Hospitalization rates were higher for women. Further observational and epidemiological research is required to identify the factors contributing to increased hospitalization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia ,grid.413517.50000 0004 1796 5802Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- grid.460941.e0000 0004 0367 5513Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Deema Sami Ashoor
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Saleh Dairi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Khaled Alansari
- grid.415696.90000 0004 0573 9824Maternity and Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Ekram
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Hospital admissions due to vasomotor and allergic rhinitis in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecological study. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:349-355. [PMID: 35391654 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is among the most prevalent chronic disorders in high-income countries. Its estimated cost is €30-€50 billion annually in the European Union and in the UK, it is approximately €1.8 billion per year. AIM To study hospital admissions for vasomotor and allergic rhinitis in England and Wales during the past 20 years. METHOD This was an ecological study using publicly available data extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW). The trend in hospital admissions was assessed using a Poisson model. RESULTS Admission rate increased by 2.14-fold [from 2.59 (95% CI 2.46-2.73) in 1999 to 8.16 (95% CI 7.93-8.39) in 2020 per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 001]. The most prevalent hospital admission reasons were allergic rhinitis due to pollen, other allergic rhinitis, and unspecified allergic rhinitis, which accounted for 56.4%, 22.3%, and 15.7%, respectively. The age group 15-59 years accounted for 69.5% of the total number of admissions. Admission rate between males increased by 2.25-fold. Admission rate between females increased by 2.02-fold. CONCLUSION Vasomotor and allergic rhinitis are common cause of hospital admissions in England and Wales that showed a clear increase in the rate of their admissions in the past 20 years. Allergic rhinitis due to pollen was the most dominant cause of admission, which warrants further investigation to identify its preventable risk factors and decrease the probability of the exacerbation of patients' cases and the need for hospitalization.
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Naser AY, Al-shehri H. Admissions Due to Perinatal Respiratory and Cardiovascular Disorders in England. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:199-207. [PMID: 36714239 PMCID: PMC9879026 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s396406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to look into the rates of perinatal admissions for respiratory, cardiac, and cardiovascular diseases in England. Methods This ecological study was conducted in England. The Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database in England provided the study with the publicly accessible data. The data set for this study was considered between April 01, 2012 and April 01, 2020. The HES database contains information on patients' admissions to hospitals, notably for those hospitalised with perinatal cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We used the chi-squared test to assess the difference between the hospital admission rates between 2012 and 2020. Results An increase of 15.6% was observed in hospital admissions rate during the study period [from 10,940.37 (95% CI 10,865.99-11,014.75) in 2012 to 12,649.00 (95% CI 12,565.03-12,732.98) in 2020 per 100,000 people, p<0.05]. Intrauterine hypoxia, chest congestion and breathing-related respiratory distress of newborns, and other perinatal respiratory disorders accounted for 35.5%, 29.8%, and 21.3%, respectively. Males contributed for more than half of them (56.7%). The rate of hospital admission among males increased by 15.1% [from 12,227.79 (95% CI 12,118.83-12,336.74) in 2012 to 14,074.77 (95% CI 13,952.11-14,197.43) in 2020 per 100,000 persons, p<0.05]. The rate of hospital admission among females increased by 17.4% [from 9,646.15 (95% CI 9,545.31-9,747.00) in 2012 to 11,324.20 (95% CI 11,209.47-11,438.92) in 2020 per 100,000 persons, p<0.05]. Conclusion The study's findings show that the most common causes of hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular disorders were intrauterine hypoxia, neonatal respiratory distress, and other perinatal respiratory issues, which were detected particularly during the perinatal period. Further research is warranted to identify risk factors of hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular disorders during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan,Correspondence: Abdallah Y Naser, Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan, Tel +962795285555, Email
| | - Hassan Al-shehri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Naser AY, Al-Shehri H, Altamimi N, Alrasheed A, Albalawi L. Profile of Hospital Admissions Due to Preterm Labor and Delivery in England. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020163. [PMID: 36673531 PMCID: PMC9859329 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preterm labor and delivery are associated with various short- and long-term complications in neonates and infants. This research aimed to look at the trends in preterm labor and birth-related hospitalizations in England. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Hospital Episode Statistics database was used to extract hospital admission data for the ecological study of preterm labor and delivery between April 2012 and April 2020 in England. RESULTS The overall admission rates decreased by 26.2%, from 14,210 in 2012 (CI: 99.18-102.49) to 10,490 in 2020 (CI: 73.02-75.87) per 100,000 individuals. Hospitalizations were frequently caused by spontaneous labor with preterm delivery, spontaneous labor without delivery, and preterm delivery without spontaneous labor (68.9%, 20.6%, and 9.6%, respectively). The rate of hospital admission due to preterm delivery without spontaneous labor, preterm labor without delivery, preterm spontaneous labor with preterm delivery, and preterm spontaneous labor with term delivery decreased by 32.0%, 26.9%, 24.4%, and 14.7%, respectively. Women aged 25-29 years accounted for most hospital admissions. CONCLUSION Preterm labor and delivery-related hospital admissions rates have significantly decreased over the past decade. Women in the reproductive age range of 25-34 years were more prone to hospital admission followed by preterm labor due to various reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-2795285555
| | - Hassan Al-Shehri
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noora Altamimi
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alrasheed
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Albalawi
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Trend of Admissions Due to Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases: An Ecological Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010065. [PMID: 36611526 PMCID: PMC9818740 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to examine the trend of hospital admissions related to chronic lower respiratory diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2020. Method: This ecological analysis used data that were made accessible to the public and were taken from the Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) and the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases in England for the time span between April 1999 and April 2020. The patients were grouped into four age groups: under 15, 15−59, 60−74, and 75 years and above. Results: In 2020, there were 432,193 chronic lower respiratory disease hospital admissions, which increased from 239,606 in 1999. The hospital admission rate increased by 57.5% (from 459.54 (95% CI 457.71−461.38) in 1999 to 723.70 (95% CI 721.55−725.85) in 2020 per 100,000 people, p < 0.5). The majority of hospital admissions for chronic lower respiratory diseases were found to be directly linked to age (more prevalent in the 75+ age group). Moreover, female hospital admission rates for chronic lower respiratory diseases grew by 85.2% between 1999 and 2020, increasing from 445.45 (95% CI 442.92−447.97) to 824.96 (95% CI 821.73−828.19) per 100,000 people. Conclusion: The rate of hospital admissions due to chronic lower respiratory diseases has sharply increased during the past two decades. COPD was the most common cause for chronic lower respiratory disease admissions. Ageing was also found to be a factor in increased hospital admissions. Future studies are warranted to identify other risk factors of hospital admissions due to chronic lower respiratory diseases and specifically COPD.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Hospitalization Pattern for Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases in Australia: A Retrospective Ecological Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e33162. [PMID: 36726920 PMCID: PMC9885383 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lower respiratory diseases are among the commonest causes of hospital admission worldwide. Identifying the trends in hospital admission due to chronic lower respiratory diseases is important for public health and policy makers. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the hospitalization profile related to chronic lower respiratory diseases in Australia during the past 21 years. METHOD A retrospective ecological study was conducted using hospital admission data taken from the National Hospital Morbidity Database (NHMD). Hospital admissions data for chronic lower respiratory diseases were extracted for the period between 1998 and 2019. The Pearson Chi-square test for independence was used to estimate the variation in hospital admission rates. RESULTS The hospitalization rate for chronic lower respiratory diseases rate decreased by 14.4%, from 568.90 (95%CI 565.50-572.30) in 1998 to 486.95 (95%CI 484.24-489.66) in 2019 per 100,000 persons, p<0.05. Rates of same-day hospitalization for chronic lower respiratory diseases increased by 62.7% from 1998 to 2019, while rates of overnight-stay hospital admission for chronic lower respiratory diseases decreased by 23.7% from 1998 to 2019. During the study duration, the hospitalization rates for bronchiectasis and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased by 120.0% and 34.7%, respectively. The hospital admissions rates for emphysema, status asthmaticus, simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis, bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic, unspecified chronic bronchitis, and asthma decreased by 94.8%, 92.6%, 70.7%, 66.3%, 46.0%, and 32.3%, respectively. The rates of hospitalization among patients aged 75 years and above increased by 3.9%, while younger age groups including those aged younger than 15 years, 15-59 years, and 60-74 years showed a reduction in the rate of hospitalization by 53%, 22.8%, and 19.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, the hospitalization rate for chronic lower respiratory diseases is seen to have decreased over the study period. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the elderly group have a higher rate of hospitalization. Future studies are needed to investigate factors associated with the increase in the rate of hospitalization among the elderly age group.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alghanemi AG, AbuAlhommos AK, Sabha M, Mustafa Ali MK, Hemmo SI, Alrajeh AM, Alqahtani JS, Aldhahir AM, Abu Rokbah H. Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue Related Hospital Admission in England and Wales Between 1999 and 2019: An Ecologic Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e32453. [PMID: 36644035 PMCID: PMC9834604 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of data describing inpatient hospitalization trends for musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases in the United Kingdom. Aim We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the trends of musculoskeletal and connective tissue disease related hospitalizations between 1999 and 2019 in England and Wales. Method We conducted an ecologic study. The data were obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database in Wales between 1999 and 2019. We used ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) codes M00-M99 to identify hospital admissions. Results The total annual hospital admission rate increased from 1,303.63 (95% CI: 1,300.55-1,306.71) in 1999 to 2,479.09 (95% CI: 2,475.14-2,483.04) in 2019 per 100,000 persons (p<0.01). The ICD-10 categories other joint disorders, osteoarthritis, and other dorsopathies accounted for 19.6%, 19.6%, and 18.6% of hospitalizations, respectively. Advanced age groups experienced a larger increase in hospitalization rates (128.6% in the age group of 75 years and above vs. 45.9% in the age group below 15 years). Females contributed to 57.7% of hospitalizations and experienced a larger increase in hospitalization rate compared to males (103.8% vs. 73.8%). Conclusion Between 1999 and 2009, the hospitalization rate for musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases has steadily increased in England and Wales. However, the rate has plateaued or declined in many of musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases between 2010 and 2019. Due to the chronicity of these diseases, their significant morbidity, and significant long-term disability, national interventions are needed to mitigate the effects of the increased cost of treatment.
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17
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Naser AY, Dahmash EZ, Alqahtani JS, Alsairafi ZK, Alsaleh FM, Alwafi H. Trends in Hospital Admissions for Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: An Ecological Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112191. [PMID: 36360532 PMCID: PMC9690103 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the trends in hospital admissions for mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders (MBNDs) in England and Wales. Methods: This is an ecological study using the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. Hospital admission data was collected for the period between April 1999 and March 2019. Results: The most common type of hospital admission was for mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use, which accounted for 26.6%. The admission rate among males increased by 8.1% [from 479.59 (95% CI 476.90−482.27) in 1999 to 518.30 (95% CI 515.71−520.90) in 2019 per 1000 persons; p < 0.001]. The admission rate among females increased by 0.3% [from 451.45 (95% CI 448.91−453.99) in 1999 to 452.77 (95% CI 450.37−455.17) in 2019 per 1000 persons; p = 0.547]. The 15−59 years’ age group accounted for 65.1% of the entire number of such hospital admissions, followed by the 75 years and above age group, with 19.0%. Conclusion: We observed an obvious variation in MBNDs influenced by age and gender. Observational studies are needed to identify other factors associated with increased hospital admission rates related to MBNDs, specifically among the young population (aged 15−59 years) and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Eman Zmaily Dahmash
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy, and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care & Education, Kingston University, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra K. Alsairafi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Hawalli 13060, Kuwait
| | - Fatemah M. Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Hawalli 13060, Kuwait
- Correspondence:
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Samannodi M. Hospital Admissions Related to Infections and Disorders of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue in England and Wales. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102028. [PMID: 36292475 PMCID: PMC9601618 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate hospital admissions in England and Wales due to infections and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. METHODS Data from the Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) and the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database in England for the years between April 1999 and April 2020 were used in this study. Using all the relevant diagnosis codes (L00-L99), hospital admissions related to various skin infections and diseases of the subcutaneous tissue were identified. RESULTS Hospital admissions for all causes increased overall by 78.8%, from 276,464 in 1999 to 494,433 in 2020, representing an increase in hospital admission rate of 56.1% (from 530.23 (95% CI 528.26-532.20) in 1999 to 827.92 (95% CI 825.62-830.22) per 100,000 people in 2020, p ≤ 0.05). The most prevalent diagnoses were disorders of the skin's appendages, infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and other disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Nearly half of all hospital admissions were for males and for patients between the ages of 15 and 59. In 2020, the hospital admission rate for males increased by 60.2%, from 540.16 (95% CI 537.32-543.01) per 100,000 people in 1999 to 865.10 (95% CI 861.76-868.44) in 2020. From 520.75 (95% CI 518.02-523.48) in 1999 to 791.03 (95% CI 787.86-794.19) in 2020, the hospital admission rate for females grew by 51.9%. CONCLUSION Hospital admission due to infections and disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue increased during the past two decades in England and Wales. Further studies are needed to explore the risk factors associated with infections and disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue complications, and its associated admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Mustafa Ali MK, Naser AY, AbuAlhommos A, Al-Daghastani T, Alrawashdeh H, Mustafa Ali S, Alwafi H, Alqurashi MM, Basha Ahmed AH, Albarqi H. Hospital Admissions Secondary to Diseases of the Blood, Blood-Forming Organs, and Immune System in England and Wales. Cureus 2022; 14:e30179. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Naser AY, Alwafi H, Al-Daghastani T, Hemmo SI, Alrawashdeh HM, Jalal Z, Paudyal V, Alyamani N, Almaghrabi M, Shamieh A. Drugs utilization profile in England and Wales in the past 15 years: a secular trend analysis. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:239. [PMID: 36114471 PMCID: PMC9482186 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Medication use assessment has a critical role in promoting the effective and rational use of pharmaceutical medications. There are no studies that have explored the utilization of all medications in England and Wales in the past 15 years without restrictions in the age group being studied or class of medications. Aim To explore the medication utilization pattern of dispensed medications in England and Wales in the past 15 years. Method A secular trend analysis study using publically available dispensing data on the population level in England and Wales for the duration between 2004 and 2019. Medication dispensing data was extracted from the Prescription Cost Analysis database. Results Medication prescriptions rate increased by 42.6% [from 1,345,095.75 (95% CI 1,345,004.25 – 1,345,187.26) in 2004 to 1,918,138.48 (95% CI 1,918,038.38 – 1,918,238.57) in 2019 per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 0.001]. During the study period, the most common medication prescriptions were for the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and endocrine system, which accounted for 30.2%, 18.8%, and 9.4%, respectively. The rate of medication prescriptions for skin, immunological products and vaccines, infections, and musculoskeletal and joint diseases decreased by 18.4%, 15.8%, 9.8%, and 5.7%, respectively. Conclusion The last two decades have witnessed a remarkable rise in the quantity of medications dispensed in community settings. Utilization of chronic disease medications has increased in the past 15 years, specifically, dispensed medications for the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, and endocrine system. It is necessary to conduct additional cohort studies to investigate the clinical outcomes and prescribing safety of these medications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-022-01853-1.
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Dairi MS. Physicians' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6671-6680. [PMID: 36016985 PMCID: PMC9397430 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s369306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the characteristics of knowledge and practice of physicians towards asthma in Saudi Arabia. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia between 28 August and 10 November 2021. Convenience sampling technique was applied in this study through social media websites. Previously developed 10-items questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about asthma among the participating physicians. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the participants’ demographic characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with being adherent to asthma practices guidelines. Results Overall, participants’ knowledge was moderate. The average percentage of physicians who reported practicing asthma management based on recommended guidelines 63.7%. Younger age (30–34 years) and having a work experience of (6–10 years) were significant predictors of being adherent to asthma practices guidelines (OR: 1.96 (95% CI: 1.21–3.17) (p=0.006) and OR: 1.67 (95% CI 1.05–2.67) (p=0.031), receptively). Conclusion This study showed that the percentage of physicians who reported practicing asthma management based on recommended guidelines in Saudi Arabia are moderate. Future studies to investigate factors associated with improvement in knowledge about asthma and adherence to guidelines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Dairi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Trends in Hospital Admissions Due to Neoplasms in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: An Ecological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138054. [PMID: 35805710 PMCID: PMC9265694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the trends in neoplasm-related hospital admissions (NRHA) in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019. Methods: This is an ecological study using publicly available data taken from the two main medical databases in England and Wales; the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database in Wales. Hospital admissions data were collected for the period between April 1999 and March 2019. Results: A total of 35,704,781 NRHA were reported during the study period. Females contributed to 50.8% of NRHA. The NRHA rate among males increased by 50.0% [from 26.62 (95% CI 26.55−26.68) in 1999 to 39.93 (95% CI 39.86−40.00) in 2019 per 1000 persons, trend test, p < 0.001]. The NRHA rate among females increased by 44.1% [from 27.25 (95% CI 27.18−27.31) in 1999 to 39.25 (95% CI 39.18−39.32) in 2019 per 1000 persons, trend test, p < 0.001]. Overall, the rate of NRHA rose by 46.2% [from 26.93 (95% CI 26.89−26.98) in 1999 to 39.39 (95% CI 39.34−39.44) in 2019 per 1000 persons, trend test, p < 0.001]. Conclusion: Hospital admission rates due to neoplasms increased between 1999 and 2019. Our study demonstrates a variation in NRHA influenced by age and gender. Further observational studies are needed to identify other factors associated with increased hospital admissions among patients with different types of neoplasms.
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Al-Daghastani T, Naser AY. Hospital admission profile related to poisoning by, adverse effect of and underdosing of psychotropic drugs in England and Wales: An ecological study. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1262-1272. [PMID: 36249944 PMCID: PMC9561178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug poisoning is considered as one of the main principal reasons for acute care hospitals admissions, and it places a significant burden on emergency medical services resources. The aim of this study is to examine the trend of hospital admission due to poisoning by psychotropic drugs and prescriptions of psychotropic medications in England and Wales in the past 21 years. Method Hospital admission data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database in Wales were used in this ecological study. For the period from April 1999 to March 2020, hospital admissions data relating to poisoning by, classified by adverse effects of, and underdosing of psychiatric medications were extracted. Data on CNS drug prescriptions was collected for the time period 2004–2020. Results During the study period, hospital admission rate increased by19.9% [from 39.94 (95% CI 39.40–40.48) in 1999 to 47.90 (95% CI 47.34–48.45) in 2020 per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 0.05]. The most common reason of poisoning by psychotropic drugs that lead to hospital admissions was unspecified poisoning by antidepressants (accidental (unintentional), intentional self-harm, assault, as adverse effect, and under-dosing), which accounted for 48.9% of the total number of admissions. CNS medications prescription rates increased by 56.4% [from 247629.78 (95% CI 247593.18–247666.39) in 2004 to 387372.48 (95% CI 387333.41–387411.55) in 2020 prescriptions per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 0.001]. The most commonly prescribed CNS medications prescriptions were analgesics, antidepressant, antiepileptic, and hypnotics and anxiolytics, which accounted for: 35.0%, 28.7%, 10.0%, and 9.5%, respectively. During the study. period between 2004 and 2020, the overall medications prescribing rate showed to be very strongly and positively correlating the hospital admissions rate with the overall poisoning by psychotropic drugs (r = 0.799; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Over the last two decades, there has been a parallel increase in the hospitalization rate for psychotropic drug poisoning and the prescription rate for CNS medications. Future research should focus on identifying high-risk populations who are more prone to psychotropic drug poisoning.
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Sweiss K, Naser AY, Samannodi M, Alwafi H. Hospital admissions due to infectious and parasitic diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecological study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 35461245 PMCID: PMC9034500 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious diseases continue to account for considerable illness and death worldwide, and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant burden on global economies and public health. This study aimed to investigate the trends in infectious and parasitic disease (IPD) hospital admissions (HA) in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019. Methods This is an ecological study using publicly available data taken from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. Hospital admission data were collected for the period between April 1999 to March 2019. IPDHA were identified using the tenth version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases system, diagnostic codes (A00–B99). The trend in hospital admissions was assessed using a Poisson model. Results The overall annual number for IPD hospital admissions for various causes increased by 412.9%, from 151,336 in 1999 to 776,215 in 2019, representing an increase in hospital admission rate of 349.9% from 290.25 (95% CI 288.79–291.71) in 1999 to 1305.88 (95% CI 1303.00–1308.77) in 2019 per 100,000 persons: trend test, p < 0.01. The most common causes of infectious and parasitic disease hospital admissions were intestinal infectious diseases, other bacterial diseases, and other viral diseases, which accounted for 33.6, 27.5, and 23.8%, respectively. Patients aged 15 years and below accounted for 34.2% of the entire number of IPD hospital admissions, followed by the age group 15–59 years with 27.9%, the age group 75 years and above with 22.7%, and then the age group 60–74 years with 15.2%. Conclusion There was an increase in the hospital admission rate due to infectious diseases in the UK from 1999 to 2019. The most common causes of infectious and parasitic disease hospital admissions were intestinal infectious diseases, other bacterial diseases, and other viral diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07388-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanar Sweiss
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
| | | | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm AlQura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Al-shehri H, Dahmash DT, Rochow N, Alturki B, Alrajhi D, Alayed F, Alhazani F, Alsuhibany H, Naser AY. Hospital Admission Profile of Neonates for Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period in England and Wales Between 1999‒2020: An Ecological Study. Int J Gen Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Alrawashdeh HM, Naser AY, Alwafi H, AbuAlhommos AK, Jalal Z, Paudyal V, Abdulmannan DM, Hassanin FF, Hemmo SI, Al Sarireh F. Trends in Hospital Admission Due to Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa in the Past Two Decades in England and Wales: An Ecological Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1097-1110. [PMID: 35140511 PMCID: PMC8820757 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s344380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
- Correspondence: Abdallah Y Naser; Hamzeh Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Email ;
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Khaleel AbuAlhommos
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Sara Ibrahim Hemmo
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fawaz Al Sarireh
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Mutah, Karak, Jordan
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Ndumwa HP, Mboya EA, Amani DE, Mashoka R, Nicholaus P, Haniffa R, Beane A, Mfinanga J, Sunguya B, Sawe HR, Baker T. The burden of respiratory conditions in the emergency department of Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional descriptive study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000781. [PMID: 36962777 PMCID: PMC10021642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Globally, respiratory diseases cause 10 million deaths every year. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden of respiratory illness increased and led to significant morbidity and mortality in both high- and low-income countries. This study assessed the burden and trend of respiratory conditions among patients presenting to the emergency department of Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania and compared with national COVID-19 data to determine if this knowledge may be useful for the surveillance of disease outbreaks in settings of limited specific diagnostic testing. The study used routinely collected data from the electronic information system in the Emergency Medical Department (EMD) of Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania. All patients presenting to the EMD in a 2-year period, 2020 and 2021 with respiratory conditions were included. Descriptive statistics and graphical visualizations were used to describe the burden of respiratory conditions and the trends over time and to compare to national Tanzanian COVID-19 data during the same period. One in every four patients who presented to the EMD of the Muhimbili National Hospital had a respiratory condition- 1039 patients per month. Of the 24,942 patients, 52% were males, and the median age (IQR) was 34.7 (21.7, 53.7) years. The most common respiratory diagnoses were pneumonia (52%), upper respiratory tract infections (31%), asthma (4.8%) and suspected COVID-19 (2.5%). There were four peaks of respiratory conditions coinciding with the four waves in the national COVID-19 data. We conclude that the burden of respiratory conditions among patients presenting to the EMD of Muhimbili National Hospital is high. The trend shows four peaks of respiratory conditions in 2020-2021 seen to coincide with the four waves in the national COVID-19 data. Real-time hospital-based surveillance tools may be useful for early detection of respiratory disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies in settings with limited diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrieth P Ndumwa
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Erick A Mboya
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Davis Elias Amani
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ramadhani Mashoka
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paulina Nicholaus
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rashan Haniffa
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abi Beane
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juma Mfinanga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bruno Sunguya
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hendry R Sawe
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Tim Baker
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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