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Hadjiargyrou M. Effects of bisphosphonates on appendicular fracture repair in rodents. Bone 2022; 164:116542. [PMID: 36041726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is ultimately responsible for maintaining a structural and functional skeleton. Despite their strength, bones do break and the main cause of fractures are trauma and decreased bone mineral density as a result of aging and/or pathology that weakens the bone's microarchitecture and subsequently, its material properties. Osteoporosis is a disease marked by increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblastic activity tipping the remodeling balance in favor of bone resorption and can be caused by aging, glucocorticoids, disuse and estrogen-deficiency. Ultimately, this leads to brittle and weaker bones which become more prone to trauma or stress-induced fractures. The current treatment for preventing and treating osteoporotic fractures is the use of antiresorptive drugs such as bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab, but unfortunately, their long-term use, especially with alendronate and ibandronate, has been associated with increased risk of atypical femoral fractures (AFFs); femoral diaphyseal fractures distal to the lesser trochanter but proximal to the supracondylar flare. The purpose of this review is to examine the information that exists in the literature examining the effects of BPs on fracture repair of long bones in rodent (rat and mouse) models. The focus on rodents stems from the scientific community's unresolved need to develop small animal models to examine the molecular, cellular, tissue and biomechanical mechanisms responsible for the development of AFFs and how best they can be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States of America.
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2
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The effect of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101117. [PMID: 34458509 PMCID: PMC8379440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone structure. Its treatment is directed at the processes of bone formation or resorption, that are of utmost importance in fracture healing. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature aiming to summarize and clarify the effects of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing. Material and methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase (OVID version). In vivo animal and human studies on long bone fractures were included. A total of 93 articles were included for this review; 23 studies on the effect of osteoporosis (18 animal and 5 clinical studies) and 70 studies on the effect of osteoporosis treatment (41 animal, 26 clinical studies and 3 meta-analyses) on fracture healing. Results In animal fracture models osteoporosis was associated with decreased callus formation and bone growth, bone mineral density, biomechanical strength and delayed cellular and differentiation processes during fracture healing. Two large databases identified osteoporosis as a risk factor for non-union whereas three other studies did not. One of those three studies however found a prolonged healing time in patients with osteoporosis. Anti-osteoporosis medication showed inconsistent effects on fracture healing in both non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic animal models. Only the parathyroid hormone and anti-resorption medication were related to improved fracture healing and delayed remodelling respectively. Clinical studies performed in predominantly hip and distal radius fracture patients showed no effect of bisphosphonates on fracture healing. Parathyroid hormone reduced time to union in several clinical trials performed in mainly hip fracture patients, but this did not result in decreased delayed or non-union rates. Conclusion Evidence that substantiates the negative influence of osteoporosis on fracture healing is predominantly from animal studies and to a lesser extent from clinical studies, since convincing clinical evidence lacks. Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone may be used during fracture healing, since no clear negative effect has been shown. Parathyroid hormone might even decrease time to fracture union, without decreasing union rate. Osteoporosis negatively influences fracture healing in animal models. There is no convincing evidence for a similar effect in humans. In animals, bisphosphonates delay bone remodelling In animals, parathyroid hormone improves fracture healing In humans, anti-osteoporotic drugs do not interfere with fracture healing.
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Gao Y, Liu X, Gu Y, Song D, Ding M, Liao L, Wang J, Ni J, He G. The Effect of Bisphosphonates on Fracture Healing Time and Changes in Bone Mass Density: A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:688269. [PMID: 34526966 PMCID: PMC8435630 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.688269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common complication of acute fracture, which can lead to fracture delayed union or other complications and resulting in poor fracture healing. Bisphosphate is a common anti-osteoporosis drug, but its application in fracture patients is still controversial because of its inhibitory effect on bone resorption. METHOD Studies were acquired from literature databases in accordance with established inclusion criteria. Standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of the bisphosphonates treatment in fracture patients. Data analysis was conducted with the Review Manager 5.4.1 software. RESULTS A total of 16 studies involving 5022 patients obtained from selected databases were examined. As expected, bisphosphate had no significant effect on fracture healing time, but it could significantly increase BMD and prevent osteoporosis. Meanwhile, bisphosphate can inhibit both bone resorption and bone formation markers, resulting in low bone turnover state. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that bisphosphonate have no significant effect on fracture healing time but they do increase the changes in BMD and reduce bone synthesis and resorption markers. Early application of bisphosphonates after injury in the appropriate patient population should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department Radiology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deye Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muliang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lele Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangdong Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Simpson CR, Kelly HM, Murphy CM. Synergistic use of biomaterials and licensed therapeutics to manipulate bone remodelling and promote non-union fracture repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:212-233. [PMID: 33122088 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted bone metabolism can lead to delayed fracture healing or non-union, often requiring intervention to correct. Although the current clinical gold standard bone graft implants and commercial bone graft substitutes are effective, they possess inherent drawbacks and are limited in their therapeutic capacity for delayed union and non-union repair. Research into advanced biomaterials and therapeutic biomolecules has shown great potential for driving bone regeneration, although few have achieved commercial success or clinical translation. There are a number of therapeutics, which influence bone remodelling, currently licensed for clinical use. Providing an alternative local delivery context for these therapies, can enhance their efficacy and is an emerging trend in bone regenerative therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of how biomaterial design has advanced from currently available commercial bone graft substitutes to accommodate previously licensed therapeutics that target local bone restoration and healing in a synergistic manner, and the challenges faced in progressing this research towards clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Simpson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helena M Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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5
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part III - Further strategies for local and systemic modulation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:439-488. [PMID: 31177207 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this third in a series of reviews on adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing, further approaches aiming at influencing the healing process are discussed. Local and systemic modulation of bone metabolism is pursued with use of a number of drugs with completely different indications, which are characterized by a pleiotropic spectrum of action. These include drugs used to treat lipid disorders (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), hypertension (ACE inhibitors), osteoporosis (bisphosphonates), cancer (proteasome inhibitors) and others. Potential applications to enhance bone healing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, Dresden
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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Morse A, McDonald MM, Mikulec K, Schindeler A, Munns CF, Little DG. Pretreatment with Pamidronate Decreases Bone Formation but Increases Callus Bone Volume in a Rat Closed Fracture Model. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:172-179. [PMID: 31578632 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical concerns have been raised over prior exposure to bisphosphonates impairing fracture healing. To model this, groups of male Wistar rats were assigned to saline control or treatment groups receiving 0.15 mg/kg (low dose), 0.5 mg/kg (medium dose), and 5 mg/kg (high dose) Pamidronate (PAM) twice weekly for 4 weeks. At this point, closed fractures were made using an Einhorn apparatus, and bisphosphonate dosing was continued until the experimental endpoint. Specimens were analyzed at 2 and 6 weeks (N = 8 per group per time point). Twice weekly PAM dosing was found to have no effect on early soft callus remodeling at 2 weeks post fracture. At this time point, the highest dose PAM group gave significant increases in bone volume (+ 10%, p < 0.05), bone mineral content (+ 30%, p < 0.01), and bone mineral density (+ 10%, p < 0.01). This PAM dosing regimen showed more substantive effects on hard callus at 6 weeks post fracture, with PAM treatment groups showing + 46-79% increased bone volume. Dynamic bone labeling showed reduced calcein signal in the PAM-treated calluses (38-63%, p < 0.01) and reduced MAR (32-49%, p < 0.01), suggesting a compensatory reduction in bone anabolism. These data support the concept that bisphosphonates lead to profound decreases in bone turnover in fracture repair, however, this does not affect soft callus remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Morse
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Bone Biology Division, The Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathy Mikulec
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department for Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Little
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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7
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Zondervan RL, Vorce M, Servadio N, Hankenson KD. Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30176013 DOI: 10.3791/58186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliable generation of consistent stabilized fractures in animal models is essential for understanding the biology of bone regeneration and developing therapeutics and devices. However, available injury models are plagued by inconsistency resulting in wasted animals and resources and imperfect data. To address this problem of fracture heterogeneity, the purpose of the method described herein is to optimize fracture generation parameters specific to each animal and yield a consistent fracture location and pattern. This protocol accounts for variations in bone size and morphology that may exist between mouse strains and can be adapted to generate consistent fractures in other species, such as rat. Additionally, a cost-effective, adjustable fracture apparatus is described. Compared to current stabilized fracture techniques, the optimization protocol and new fracture apparatus demonstrate increased consistency in stabilized fracture patterns and locations. Using optimized parameters specific to the sample type, the described protocol increases the precision of induced traumas, minimizing the fracture heterogeneity typically observed in closed-fracture generation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Zondervan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Mitch Vorce
- Lymann Briggs College, Michigan State University
| | | | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School;
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8
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Kim G, Jin YM, Yu Y, Kim HY, Jo SA, Park YJ, Park YS, Jo I. Double intratibial injection of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stromal cells recovers postmenopausal osteoporotic bone mass. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1013-1027. [PMID: 30072298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Osteoporosis, which is a disease characterized by weakening of the bone, affects a large portion of the senior population. The current therapeutic options for osteoporosis have side effects, and there is no effective treatment for severe osteoporosis. Thus, we urgently need new treatment strategies, such as topical therapies and/or safe and effective stem cell therapies. METHODS We investigated the therapeutic potential of directly injecting human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) into the right proximal tibias of ovariectomized postmenopausal osteoporosis model mice. Injections were given once (1×) or twice (2×) during the 3-month experimental period. At the end of the experiment, micro-computed tomographic images revealed some improvement in the proximal tibias and more significant improvement in the femoral heads of treated mice. RESULTS Osteogenic effect was qualitatively and quantitatively more pronounced in TMSC/2×-treated mice. Furthermore, TMSC/2× mice exhibited significant recovery of the serum osteocalcin level, which is pathologically elevated in osteoporosis, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase, which indicates bone formation. TMSC therapy was generally well tolerated and caused no apparent toxicity in the experimental mice. Moreover, TMSC therapy reduced visceral fat. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that double injection of TMSC directly into the proximal tibia triggers recovery of osteoporosis, and thus could be a potential therapeutic approach for severe bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyungah Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Major in Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Trbakovic A, Hedenqvist P, Mellgren T, Ley C, Hilborn J, Ossipov D, Ekman S, Johansson CB, Jensen-Waern M, Thor A. A new synthetic granular calcium phosphate compound induces new bone in a sinus lift rabbit model. J Dent 2018; 70:31-39. [PMID: 29258851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate if a synthetic granular calcium phosphate compound (CPC) and a composite bisphosphonate-linked hyaluronic acid-calcium phosphate hydrogel (HABP·CaP) induced similar or more amount of bone as bovine mineral in a modified sinus lift rabbit model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen adult male New Zeeland White rabbits, received randomly one of the two test materials on a random side of the face, and bovine mineral as control on the contralateral side. In a sinus lift, the sinus mucosa was elevated and a titanium mini-implant was placed in the alveolar bone. Augmentation material (CPC, HABP·CaP or bovine bone) was applied in the space around the implant. The rabbits were euthanized three months after surgery and qualitative and histomorphometric evaluation were conducted. Histomorphometric evaluation included three different regions of interest (ROIs) and the bone to implant contact on each installed implant. RESULTS Qualitative assessment (p = <.05), histomorphometric evaluations (p = < .01), and implant incorporation (p = <.05) showed that CPC and bovine mineral induced similar amount of bone and more than the HABP·CaP hydrogel. CONCLUSION CPC induced similar amount of bone as bovine mineral and both materials induced more bone than HABP·CaP hydrogel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The CPC is suggested as a synthetic alternative for augmentations in the maxillofacial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Trbakovic
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Patricia Hedenqvist
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, PO Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Torbjörn Mellgren
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ångströms Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Ley
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, PO Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jöns Hilborn
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ångströms Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dmitri Ossipov
- Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Ångströms Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Ekman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, PO Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Carina B Johansson
- University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Materials Science, P.O. Box 450, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marianne Jensen-Waern
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, PO Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Thor
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chen P, Gu WL, Gong MZ, Wang J, Li DQ. GIT1 gene deletion delays chondrocyte differentiation and healing of tibial plateau fracture through suppressing proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocyte. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:320. [PMID: 28754105 PMCID: PMC5534123 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although tibial plateau fracture is an uncommon injury, its regulation is challenging and there are some influencing factors, including the effects of severe bone displacement, depression and cancellous bone cartilage, and inevitable cartilage damage. And GIT1 plays an important role in bone mass and 78 osteoblast cell migration. Methods The study used 72 C57/BL6 mice. A tibial plateau fracture model was established by using mice with the same number of GIT1 gene deletions (the experimental group) and their wild-type littermates (the control group). Joint and bone callus recovery were evaluated by X-ray and CT thin layer scans. Micro CT assay and histomorphometry were conducted in order to evaluate the volume of newly formed blood vessels. Type II collagen expression in tibial tissues after tibial plateau fracture were detected by immunohistochemistry after 7, 14 and 21 days. The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells after tibial plateau fracture was tested by immunohistochemistry after 14 and 21 days. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was conducted after 14 and 21 days in order to test chondrocyte apoptosis in tibial tissues after tibial plateau fracture. Results The GIT1 gene deletion group mice spent less time on the rotating rod than the control group mice (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, postoperative recovery was retarded, because GIT1 gene deletion slowed down neovascularization after tibial plateau fracture (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, mouse type II collagen expression significantly decreased in the GIT1 gene deletion group, and the proportion of PCNA positive cells significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The TUNEL results indicate that GIT1 gene deletion led to reduced chondrocyte apoptosis. Conclusion GIT1 gene deletion can inhibit chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis during the recovery of tibial plateau fracture, so as to delay chondrocyte differentiation and tibial plateau fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Li Gu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhi Gong
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qing Li
- Department of Operating Theater, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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