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Haueise T, Stefan N, Schulz TJ, Schick F, Birkenfeld AL, Machann J. Automated shape-independent assessment of the spatial distribution of proton density fat fraction in vertebral bone marrow. Z Med Phys 2024; 34:436-445. [PMID: 36725478 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a method for automatic standardized assessment of bone marrow volume and spatial distribution of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in vertebral bodies. Intra- and interindividual variability in size and shape of vertebral bodies is a challenge for comparable interindividual evaluation and monitoring of changes in the composition and distribution of bone marrow due to aging and/or intervention. Based on deep learning image segmentation, bone marrow PDFF of single vertebral bodies is mapped to a cylindrical template and corrected for the inclination with respect to the horizontal plane. The proposed technique was applied and tested in a cohort of 60 healthy (30 males, 30 females) individuals. Obtained bone marrow volumes and mean PDFF values are comparable to former manual and (semi-)automatic approaches. Moreover, the proposed method allows shape-independent characterization of the spatial PDFF distribution inside vertebral bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Haueise
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
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Krkoska P, Kokosova V, Dostal M, Vlazna D, Kerkovsky M, Straka M, Gerstberger R, Matulova K, Ovesna P, Adamova B. Assessment of lumbar paraspinal muscle morphology using mDixon Quant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): a cross-sectional study in healthy subjects. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:6015-6035. [PMID: 39144006 PMCID: PMC11320528 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Lumbar paraspinal muscles (LPM) are a part of the deep spinal stabilisation system and play an important role in stabilising the lumbar spine and trunk. Inadequate function of these muscles is thought to be an essential aetiological factor in low back pain, and several neuromuscular diseases are characterised by dysfunction of LPM. The main aims of our study were to develop a methodology for LPM assessment using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, including a manual segmentation process, to confirm the measurement reliability, to evaluate the LPM morphological parameters [fat fraction (FF), total muscle volume (TMV) and functional muscle volume (FMV)] in a healthy population, to study the influence of physiological factors on muscle morphology, and to build equations to predict LPM morphological parameters in a healthy population. Methods This prospective cross-sectional observational comparative single-centre study was conducted at the University Hospital in Brno, enrolling healthy volunteers from April 2021 to March 2023. MRI of the lumbar spine and LPM (erector spinae muscle and multifidus muscle) were performed using a 6-point Dixon gradient echo sequence. The segmentation of the LPM and the control muscle (psoas muscle) was done manually to obtain FF and TMV in a range from Th12/L1 to L5/S1. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were evaluated. Linear regression models were constructed to assess the effect of physiological factors on muscle FF, TMV and FMV. Results We enrolled 90 healthy volunteers (median age 38 years, 45 men). The creation of segmentation masks and the assessment of FF and TMV proved reliable (Dice coefficient 84% to 99%, intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.97). The univariable models showed that FF of LPM was influenced the most by age (39.6% to 44.8% of variability, P<0.001); TMV and FMV by subject weight (34.9% to 67.6% of variability, P<0.001) and sex (24.7% to 64.1% of variability, P<0.001). Multivariable linear regression models for FF of LPM included age, body mass index and sex, with R-squared values ranging from 45.4% to 51.1%. Models for volumes of LPM included weight, age and sex, with R-squared values ranged from 37.4% to 76.8%. Equations were developed to calculate predicted FF, TMV and FMV for each muscle. Conclusions A reliable methodology has been developed to assess the morphological parameters (biomarkers) of the LPM. The morphological parameters of the LPM are significantly influenced by physiological factors. Equations were constructed to calculate the predicted FF, TMV and FMV of individual muscles in relation to anthropometric parameters, age, and sex. This study, which presented LPM assessment methodology and predicted values of LPM morphological parameters in a healthy population, could improve our understanding of diseases involving LPM (low back pain and some neuromuscular diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Krkoska
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (Associated National Center in the European Reference Network ERN EURO-NMD), University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Viktoria Kokosova
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (Associated National Center in the European Reference Network ERN EURO-NMD), University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Dostal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniela Vlazna
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (Associated National Center in the European Reference Network ERN EURO-NMD), University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Milos Kerkovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Matej Straka
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radim Gerstberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Petra Ovesna
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Ltd., Brno, Czechia
| | - Blanka Adamova
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuromuscular Diseases (Associated National Center in the European Reference Network ERN EURO-NMD), University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Ramos JS, Cazzolato MT, Linares OC, Maciel JG, Menezes-Reis R, Azevedo-Marques PM, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Traina Júnior C, Traina AJM. Fast and accurate 3-D spine MRI segmentation using FastCleverSeg. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 109:134-146. [PMID: 38508290 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and efficient segmenting of vertebral bodies, muscles, and discs is crucial for analyzing various spinal diseases. However, traditional methods are either laborious and time-consuming (manual segmentation) or require extensive training data (fully automatic segmentation). FastCleverSeg, our proposed semi-automatic segmentation approach, addresses those limitations by significantly reducing user interaction while maintaining high accuracy. First, we reduce user interaction by requiring the manual annotation of only two or three slices. Next, we automatically Estimate the Annotation on Intermediary Slices (EANIS) using traditional computer vision/graphics concepts. Finally, our proposed method leverages improved voxel weight balancing to achieve fast and precise volumetric segmentation in the segmentation process. Experimental evaluations on our assembled diverse MRI databases comprising 179 patients (60 male, 119 female), demonstrate a remarkable 25 ms (30 ms standard deviation) processing time and a significant reduction in user interaction compared to existing approaches. Importantly, FastCleverSeg maintains or surpasses the segmentation quality of competing methods, achieving a Dice score of 94%. This invaluable tool empowers physicians to efficiently generate reliable ground truths, expediting the segmentation process and paving the way for future integration with deep learning approaches. In turn, this opens exciting possibilities for future fully automated spine segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Ramos
- Computer Science Department, Federal University of Rondônia (DACC/UNIR), 364 BR, 76801-059, Rondônia, Brazil; Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICMC/USP), 400 Trabalhador Saocarlense Avenue, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mirela T Cazzolato
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICMC/USP), 400 Trabalhador Saocarlense Avenue, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar C Linares
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICMC/USP), 400 Trabalhador Saocarlense Avenue, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamilly G Maciel
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, 695014 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Menezes-Reis
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, 695014 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Azevedo-Marques
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, 695014 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello H Nogueira-Barbosa
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP/USP), 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, 695014 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caetano Traina Júnior
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICMC/USP), 400 Trabalhador Saocarlense Avenue, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agma J M Traina
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICMC/USP), 400 Trabalhador Saocarlense Avenue, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hwang EJ, Kim S, Jung JY. Fully automated segmentation of lumbar bone marrow in sagittal, high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images using 2D U-NET. Comput Biol Med 2022; 140:105105. [PMID: 34864583 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated a 2-dimensional (2D) U-Net model to delineate lumbar bone marrow (BM) using a high resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. METHOD Healthy controls (n = 44, 836 images) and patients with hematologic diseases (n = 56, 1064 images) received MRI of the lumbar spines. Lumbar BM on each image was manually delineated by an experienced radiologist as a ground-truth. The 2D U-Net models were trained using a healthy lumbar BM only, diseased BM only, and using healthy and diseased BM combined, respectively. The models were validated using healthy and diseased subjects, separately. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to compare segmentation accuracies with 2 validation cohorts among U-Net trained with healthy subjects (UNET_HC), U-Net trained with diseased subjects (UNET_HD), U-Net trained with all subjects including both healthy and diseased subjects (UNET_HCHD), and 3-dimensional Grow-Cut algorithm (3DGC). RESULTS When validated with the healthy subjects, UNET_HC, UNET_HD, UNET_HCHD and 3DGC achieved the mean and standard deviation of the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.9415 ± 0.07056, 0.9583 ± 0.05146, 0.9602 ± 0.0486 and 0.9139 ± 0.2039, respectively. When validated with the diseased subjects, DSCs of UNET_HC, UNET_HD, UNET_HCHD and 3DGC were 0.8303 ± 0.1073, 0.9502 ± 0.0217, 0.9502 ± 0.0217 and 0.8886 ± 0.2179, respectively. The U-Net models segmented BM better than the semi-automatic 3DGC (P < 0.0001), and UNET_HD produced better results than UNET_HC (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We successfully constructed a fully automatic lumbar BM segmentation model for a high-resolution T1-weighted MRI using U-Net, which outperformed most of the previously reported approaches and the existing semi-automatic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo-Jin Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Deep Learning based Vertebral Body Segmentation with Extraction of Spinal Measurements and Disorder Disease Classification. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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D’Antoni F, Russo F, Ambrosio L, Vollero L, Vadalà G, Merone M, Papalia R, Denaro V. Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision in Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010909. [PMID: 34682647 PMCID: PMC8535895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Low Back Pain (LBP) is a symptom that may be caused by several diseases, and it is currently the leading cause of disability worldwide. The increased amount of digital images in orthopaedics has led to the development of methods related to artificial intelligence, and to computer vision in particular, which aim to improve diagnosis and treatment of LBP. In this manuscript, we have systematically reviewed the available literature on the use of computer vision in the diagnosis and treatment of LBP. A systematic research of PubMed electronic database was performed. The search strategy was set as the combinations of the following keywords: "Artificial Intelligence", "Feature Extraction", "Segmentation", "Computer Vision", "Machine Learning", "Deep Learning", "Neural Network", "Low Back Pain", "Lumbar". Results: The search returned a total of 558 articles. After careful evaluation of the abstracts, 358 were excluded, whereas 124 papers were excluded after full-text examination, taking the number of eligible articles to 76. The main applications of computer vision in LBP include feature extraction and segmentation, which are usually followed by further tasks. Most recent methods use deep learning models rather than digital image processing techniques. The best performing methods for segmentation of vertebrae, intervertebral discs, spinal canal and lumbar muscles achieve Sørensen-Dice scores greater than 90%, whereas studies focusing on localization and identification of structures collectively showed an accuracy greater than 80%. Future advances in artificial intelligence are expected to increase systems' autonomy and reliability, thus providing even more effective tools for the diagnosis and treatment of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico D’Antoni
- Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (L.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Luca Vollero
- Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (L.V.)
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Mario Merone
- Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
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Belasso CJ, Behboodi B, Benali H, Boily M, Rivaz H, Fortin M. LUMINOUS database: lumbar multifidus muscle segmentation from ultrasound images. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:703. [PMID: 33097024 PMCID: PMC7585198 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the paraspinal muscles, the structure and function of the lumbar multifidus (LM) has become of great interest to researchers and clinicians involved in lower back pain and muscle rehabilitation. Ultrasound (US) imaging of the LM muscle is a useful clinical tool which can be used in the assessment of muscle morphology and function. US is widely used due to its portability, cost-effectiveness, and ease-of-use. In order to assess muscle function, quantitative information of the LM must be extracted from the US image by means of manual segmentation. However, manual segmentation requires a higher level of training and experience and is characterized by a level of difficulty and subjectivity associated with image interpretation. Thus, the development of automated segmentation methods is warranted and would strongly benefit clinicians and researchers. The aim of this study is to provide a database which will contribute to the development of automated segmentation algorithms of the LM. CONSTRUCTION AND CONTENT This database provides the US ground truth of the left and right LM muscles at the L5 level (in prone and standing positions) of 109 young athletic adults involved in Concordia University's varsity teams. The LUMINOUS database contains the US images with their corresponding manually segmented binary masks, serving as the ground truth. The purpose of the database is to enable development and validation of deep learning algorithms used for automatic segmentation tasks related to the assessment of the LM cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI). The LUMINOUS database is publicly available at http://data.sonography.ai . CONCLUSION The development of automated segmentation algorithms based on this database will promote the standardization of LM measurements and facilitate comparison among studies. Moreover, it can accelerate the clinical implementation of quantitative muscle assessment in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde J. Belasso
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8 Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Bahareh Behboodi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8 Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Habib Benali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8 Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Mathieu Boily
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1A4 Canada
| | - Hassan Rivaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8 Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Maryse Fortin
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Canada
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation (CRIR), Constance Lethbridge Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal, H4B 1T3 Canada
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