1
|
Hofmann J, Bewersdorf TN, Sommer U, Lingner T, Findeisen S, Schamberger C, Schmidmaier G, Großner T. Impact of Antibiotic-Loaded PMMA Spacers on the Osteogenic Potential of hMSCs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38247603 PMCID: PMC10812455 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-loaded PMMA bone cement is frequently used in modern trauma and orthopedic surgery. Although many of the antibiotics routinely applied are described to have cytotoxic effects in the literature, clinical experience shows no adverse effects for bone healing. To determine the effects of antibiotic-loaded PMMA spacers on osteogenesis in vitro, we cultivated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) in the presence of PMMA spacers containing Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin + Clindamycin as well as Gentamicin + Vancomycin in addition to a blank control (agarose) and PMMA containing no antibiotics. The cell number was assessed with DAPI staining, and the osteogenic potential was evaluated by directly measuring the amount of hydroxyapatite synthesized using radioactive 99mTc-HDP labelling as well as measuring the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the cell culture medium supernatant. The results showed that Gentamicin and Vancomycin as well as their combination show a certain amount of cytotoxicity but no negative effect on osteogenic potential. The combination of Gentamicin and Clindamycin, on the other hand, led to a drastic reduction in both the cell count and the osteogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofmann
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Tim Niklas Bewersdorf
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Ulrike Sommer
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Thomas Lingner
- Genevention GmbH, Rudolf-Wissell-Str. 28A, 37079 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Findeisen
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Christian Schamberger
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Tobias Großner
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (T.N.B.); (S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang S, Wen J, Zhang Y, Bai X, Cui ZK. Choosing the right animal model for osteomyelitis research: Considerations and challenges. J Orthop Translat 2023; 43:47-65. [PMID: 38094261 PMCID: PMC10716383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a debilitating bone disorder characterized by an inflammatory process involving the bone marrow, bone cortex, periosteum, and surrounding soft tissue, which can ultimately result in bone destruction. The etiology of osteomyelitis can be infectious, caused by various microorganisms, or noninfectious, such as chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Researchers have turned to animal models to study the pathophysiology of osteomyelitis. However, selecting an appropriate animal model that accurately recapitulates the human pathology of osteomyelitis while controlling for multiple variables that influence different clinical presentations remains a significant challenge. In this review, we present an overview of various animal models used in osteomyelitis research, including rodent, rabbit, avian/chicken, porcine, minipig, canine, sheep, and goat models. We discuss the characteristics of each animal model and the corresponding clinical scenarios that can provide a basic rationale for experimental selection. This review highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate animal model for osteomyelitis research to improve the accuracy of the results and facilitate the development of novel treatment and management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Freischmidt H, Armbruster J, Rothhaas C, Titze N, Guehring T, Nurjadi D, Kretzer JP, Schmidmaier G, Grützner PA, Helbig L. Efficacy of an Antibiotic Loaded Ceramic-Based Bone Graft Substitute for the Treatment of Infected Non-Unions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102513. [PMID: 36289775 PMCID: PMC9599187 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of non-unions is often complicated by segmental bone defects and bacterial colonization. Because of the limited availability of autologous bone grafts, tissue engineering focuses on antibiotic-loaded bone graft substitutes. HACaS+G is a resorbable calcium sulphate-hydroxyapatite loaded with gentamicin. The osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and anti-infective effect of HACaS+G has already been demonstrated in clinical studies on patients with chronic osteomyelitis. However, especially for the treatment of infected non-unions with segmental bone defects by HACaS+G, reliable clinical testing is difficult and sufficient experimental data are lacking. We used an already established sequential animal model in infected and non-infected rat femora to investigate the osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and anti-infective efficacy of HACaS+G for the treatment of infected non-unions. In biomechanical testing, bone consolidation could not be observed under infected and non-infected conditions. Only a prophylactic effect against infections, but no eradication, could be verified in the microbiological analysis. Using µ-CT scans and histology, osteoinduction was detected in both the infected and non-infected bone, whereas osteoconduction occurred only in the non-infected setting. Our data showed that HACaS+G is osteoinductive, but does not have added benefits in infected non-unions in terms of osteoconduction and mechanical bone stability, especially in those with segmental bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Freischmidt
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (L.H.)
| | - Jonas Armbruster
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Catharina Rothhaas
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Nadine Titze
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Thorsten Guehring
- Trauma Centre, Hospital Paulinenhilfe Stuttgart at Tübingen University Hospital, Rosenbergstr. 38, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Philippe Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Alfred Grützner
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Lars Helbig
- Clinic for Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (L.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
[Augmentation in surgical sepsis : Chances and limitations in the treatment of osteitis with calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics]. Unfallchirurg 2022; 125:452-459. [PMID: 35546643 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-022-01185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of osteitis or fracture-related infections (FRI) is often associated with large bone defects. The treatment of these defects remains a major challenge in trauma surgery. Within the concept of tissue engineering, the development of various hybrid bone graft substitutes, such as calcium hydroxyapatite with added antibiotics, is continuously progressing. OBJECTIVE Chances and limitations in the treatment of osteitis with calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overview of the results of a 2-stage (infection) pseudarthrosis model on rat femurs treated with Cerament® G (Bonesupport, Lund, Schweden). Evaluation of the clinical experiences based on three case examples of osteitis treated with calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics (Cerament® G or Cerament® V). RESULTS After establishment of a 2‑stage pseudarthrosis model on the rat femur, the osteoconductive and osteoinductive potential of calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics could be confirmed. In the clinical application, the use of Cerament® G seems to lead to a more favorable outcome in small cavitary defects. The recurrence rates are higher than previously described, especially for larger segmental defects. CONCLUSION Taking the clinical and experimental results into consideration, a stricter evaluation of the indications for the use of Cerament® G is necessary to achieve the best possible outcome for patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Freischmidt H, Armbruster J, Rothhaas C, Titze N, Guehring T, Nurjadi D, Sonntag R, Schmidmaier G, Grützner PA, Helbig L. Treatment of Infection-Related Non-Unions with Bioactive Glass-A Promising Approach or Just Another Method of Dead Space Management? MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051697. [PMID: 35268930 PMCID: PMC8911496 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of infected and non-infected non-unions remains a major challenge in trauma surgery. Due to the limited availability of autologous bone grafts and the need for local anti-infective treatment, bone substitutes have been the focus of tissue engineering for years. In this context, bioactive glasses are promising, especially regarding their anti-infective potential, which could reduce the need for local and systemic treatment with conventional antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoinductive and osteoconductive effects, as well as the anti-infectious potential, of S53P4 using a standardized non-union model, which had not been investigated previously. Using an already established sequential animal model in infected and non-infected rat femora, we were able to investigate bioactive glass S53P4 under realistic non-union conditions regarding its osteoinductive, osteoconductive and anti-infective potential with the use of µCT scans, biomechanical testing and histological, as well as microbiological, analysis. Although S53P4 did not lead to a stable union in the non-infected or the infected setting, µCT analysis revealed an osteoinductive effect of S53P4 under non-infected conditions, which was diminished under infected conditions. The osteoconductive effect of S53P4 remained almost negligible in histological analysis, even 8 weeks after treatment. Additionally, the expected anti-infective effect could not be demonstrated. Our data suggested that S53P4 should not be used in infected non-unions, especially in those with large bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Freischmidt
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; (H.F.); (J.A.); (C.R.); (N.T.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Jonas Armbruster
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; (H.F.); (J.A.); (C.R.); (N.T.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Catharina Rothhaas
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; (H.F.); (J.A.); (C.R.); (N.T.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Nadine Titze
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; (H.F.); (J.A.); (C.R.); (N.T.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Thorsten Guehring
- Trauma Centre, Hospital Paulinenhilfe Stuttgart at Tübingen University Hospital, Rosenbergstr. 38, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Robert Sonntag
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Paul Alfred Grützner
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at Heidelberg University Hospital, 67071 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; (H.F.); (J.A.); (C.R.); (N.T.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Lars Helbig
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dalisson B, Charbonnier B, Aoude A, Gilardino M, Harvey E, Makhoul N, Barralet J. Skeletal regeneration for segmental bone loss: Vascularised grafts, analogues and surrogates. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:37-55. [PMID: 34626818 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Massive segmental bone defects (SBD) are mostly treated by removing the fibula and transplanting it complete with blood supply. While revolutionary 50 years ago, this remains the standard treatment. This review considers different strategies to repair SBD and emerging potential replacements for this highly invasive procedure. Prior to the technical breakthrough of microsurgery, researchers in the 1960s and 1970s had begun to make considerable progress in developing non autologous routes to repairing SBD. While the breaktthrough of vascularised bone transplantation solved the immediate problem of a lack of reliable repair strategies, much of their prior work is still relevant today. We challenge the assumption that mimicry is necessary or likely to be successful and instead point to the utility of quite crude (from a materials technology perspective), approaches. Together there are quite compelling indications that the body can regenerate entire bone segments with few or no exogenous factors. This is important, as there is a limit to how expensive a bone repair can be and still be widely available to all patients since cost restraints within healthcare systems are not likely to diminish in the near future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review is significant because it is a multidisciplinary view of several surgeons and scientists as to what is driving improvement in segmental bone defect repair, why many approaches to date have not succeeded and why some quite basic approaches can be as effective as they are. While there are many reviews of the literature of grafting and bone repair the relative lack of substantial improvement and slow rate of progress in clinical translation is often overlooked and we seek to challenge the reader to consider the issue more broadly.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hofmann J, Klingele S, Haberkorn U, Schmidmaier G, Grossner T. Impact of High-Dose Anti-Infective Agents on the Osteogenic Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101257. [PMID: 34680837 PMCID: PMC8532700 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of infected nonunions and severe bone infections is a huge challenge in modern orthopedics. Their treatment routinely includes the use of anti-infective agents. Although frequently used, little is known about their impact on the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. In a high- and low-dose set-up, this study evaluates the effects of the antibiotics Gentamicin and Vancomycin as well as the antifungal agent Voriconazole on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and synthesize hydroxyapatite in a monolayer cell culture. The osteogenic activity was assessed by measuring calcium and phosphate concentrations as well as alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin concentration in the cell culture medium supernatant. The amount of hydroxyapatite was measured directly by radioactive 99mTechnetium-HDP labeling. Regarding the osteogenic markers, it could be concluded that the osteogenesis was successful within the groups treated with osteogenic cell culture media. The results revealed that all anti-infective agents have a cytotoxic effect on mesenchymal stem cells, especially in higher concentrations, whereas the measured absolute amount of hydroxyapatite was independent of the anti-infective agent used. Normed to the number of cells it can therefore be concluded that the above-mentioned anti-infective agents actually have a positive effect on osteogenesis while high-dose Gentamycin, in particular, is apparently capable of boosting the deposition of minerals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofmann
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Sabrina Klingele
- Tissue & Cell Banking GmbH (TICEBA GmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Tobias Grossner
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.H.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-35-443
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Systemic Administration of PTH Supports Vascularization in Segmental Bone Defects Filled with Ceramic-Based Bone Graft Substitute. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082058. [PMID: 34440827 PMCID: PMC8392660 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-unions continue to present a challenge to trauma surgeons, as current treatment options are limited, duration of treatment is long, and the outcome often unsatisfactory. Additionally, standard treatment with autologous bone grafts is associated with comorbidity at the donor site. Therefore, alternatives to autologous bone grafts and further therapeutic strategies to improve on the outcome and reduce cost for care providers are desirable. In this study in Sprague–Dawley rats we employed a recently established sequential defect model, which provides a platform to test new potential therapeutic strategies on non-unions while gaining mechanistic insight into their actions. The effects of a combinatorial treatment of a bone graft substitute (HACaS+G) implantation and systemic PTH administration was assessed by µ-CT, histological analysis, and bio-mechanical testing and compared to monotreatment and controls. Although neither PTH alone nor the combination of a bone graft substitute and PTH led to the formation of a stable union, our data demonstrate a clear osteoinductive and osteoconductive effect of the bone graft substitute. Additionally, PTH administration was shown to induce vascularization, both as a single adjuvant treatment and in combination with the bone graft substitute. Thus, systemic PTH administration is a potential synergistic co-treatment to bone graft substitutes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mrochen DM, Fernandes de Oliveira LM, Raafat D, Holtfreter S. Staphylococcus aureus Host Tropism and Its Implications for Murine Infection Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7061. [PMID: 32992784 PMCID: PMC7582387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathobiont of humans as well as a multitude of animal species. The high prevalence of multi-resistant and more virulent strains of S. aureus necessitates the development of new prevention and treatment strategies for S. aureus infection. Major advances towards understanding the pathogenesis of S. aureus diseases have been made using conventional mouse models, i.e., by infecting naïve laboratory mice with human-adapted S.aureus strains. However, the failure to transfer certain results obtained in these murine systems to humans highlights the limitations of such models. Indeed, numerous S. aureus vaccine candidates showed promising results in conventional mouse models but failed to offer protection in human clinical trials. These limitations arise not only from the widely discussed physiological differences between mice and humans, but also from the lack of attention that is paid to the specific interactions of S. aureus with its respective host. For instance, animal-derived S. aureus lineages show a high degree of host tropism and carry a repertoire of host-specific virulence and immune evasion factors. Mouse-adapted S.aureus strains, humanized mice, and microbiome-optimized mice are promising approaches to overcome these limitations and could improve transferability of animal experiments to human trials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Mrochen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Liliane M. Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Dina Raafat
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse DZ 7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.F.d.O.); (D.R.); (S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|