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Tourillon R, Michel A, Fourchet F, Edouard P, Morin JB. Human foot muscle strength and its association with sprint acceleration, cutting and jumping performance, and kinetics in high-level athletes. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:814-824. [PMID: 38874271 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2367365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPj) flexion torque and sprint acceleration, cutting and jumping performance, and kinetics. A secondary aim was to explore this relationship when MTP flexion strength was associated with other foot and lower limb neuromuscular outputs. After an initial MTPj flexion torque assessment using a custom-built dynamometer, 52 high-level athletes performed the following tasks on a force platform system: maximal sprint acceleration, 90-degree cutting, vertical and horizontal jumps, and foot-ankle hops. Their foot posture, foot passive stiffness and foot-ankle reactive strength were assessed using the Foot Posture Index, the Arch Height Index Measurement System and the Foot-Ankle Rebound Jump Test. Ankle plantarflexion and knee extension isometric torque were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. During maximal speed sprinting, multiple linear regressions suggested a major contribution of MTPj flexion torque, foot passive stiffness and foot-ankle reactive strength to explain 28% and 35% of the total variance in the effective vertical impulse and contact time. Ankle plantarflexor and quadriceps isometric torques were aggregately contributors of acceleration performance and separate contributors of cutting and jumping performance. In conclusion, MTPj flexion torque was more strongly associated with sprinting performance kinetics especially at high-speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Tourillon
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Physiotherapy department and motion analysis lab, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Michel
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - François Fourchet
- Physiotherapy department and motion analysis lab, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
- SFMKS Lab, French Sport Physiotherapy Association, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Morin
- Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Demangeot Y, Whiteley R, Gremeaux V, Degache F. The load borne by the Achilles tendon during exercise: A systematic review of normative values. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:110-126. [PMID: 36278501 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Achilles tendon (AT) can be exposed to considerable stress during athletic activities and is often subject to pathologies such as tendinopathies. When designing a prevention or rehabilitation protocol, mechanical loading is a key factor to consider. This implies being able to accurately determine the load applied to the AT when performing exercises that stress this tendon. A systematic review was performed to synthesize the load borne by the AT during exercises/activities. Three databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane) were searched for articles up to May 2021, and only the studies assessing the AT load in newtons relative to body-weight (BW) on humans during activities or exercises were included. Most of the 11 included studies assessed AT load when running or walking (N = 10), and only three tested exercises were usually performed during rehabilitation. The load on the tendon ranged from 2.7 to 3.95 BW when walking, from 4.15 to 7.71 BW when running, and from 0.41 to 7.3 BW according to the strengthening exercise performed. From the collected data, a progression of exercises progressively loading the Achilles tendon, as well as the possible connections with walking and running activities, could be defined. However, the trends highlighted in the relationship between tendon loading and walking or running speeds present some inconsistencies. Further research is still needed to clarify them, but also to complete the data set in healthy and injured people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Demangeot
- Therapeutic and Performance Sports Institute, MotionLab, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rod Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- Unit of Sports Medicine, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis Degache
- Therapeutic and Performance Sports Institute, MotionLab, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland
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