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Yan H, Zhao P, Guo X, Zhou X. The effects of Core Stability Exercises and Mulligan's mobilization with movement techniques on sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1337754. [PMID: 38699145 PMCID: PMC11063399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1337754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD), while being the primary contributor to low back pain, is still disregarded and treated as low back pain. Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) Techniques and Core Stability Exercises (CSE) are often used to treat low back pain. There is not much evidence that it is effective in SIJD. To evaluate the effectiveness of CSE coupled with MWM (CSE + MWM) in the treatment of SIJD. Methods 39 patients with SIJD were recruited and randomly divided into distinct groups as follows: control group (n = 13), CSE group (n = 13) and CSE + MWM group (n = 13). The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Range of Motion (ROM), the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) and the pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane (PTAR) were used to gauge the intervention's success both before (M0) and after (M1) it. All experimental data were statistically analyzed. Results The SIJ-related pain metric significantly decreased in both the CSE + MWM group and the CSE group between M0 and M1, as determined by the NPRS and RMDQ. Between M0 and M1, The CSE group's left axial rotation ROM and lumbar flexion ROM were significantly decreased. The CSE + MWM group's extension ROM and left lateral flexion ROM both significantly increased between M0 and M1. In the difference variable (M1-M0), the CSE + MWM group substantially outperformed control group in the left lateral flexion ROM and outperformed the CSE group in the left axial rotation ROM. Conclusion In individuals with SIJD, CSE + MWM is beneficial in lowering pain, disability, and function. Treatment with CSE and MWM approaches for SIJ appears to boost this efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqian Yan
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanhui Guo
- College of Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Sports Rehabilitation Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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2
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Kiebzak WP, Ha SY, Kosztołowicz M, Żurawski A. Forced Straightening of the Back Does Not Improve Body Shape. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:250. [PMID: 38337766 PMCID: PMC10854847 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitting for a long time causes various postural problems, such as slump sitting. It has been reported that employing a corrected sitting position while lifting the sternum is effective in improving this form of posture. We investigated how a corrected sitting posture with the lifting of the sternum is different from a forced position that is applied through the command and passive positions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The postural angle of 270 subjects aged 19-23 years was measured in the passive, forced, and corrected positions using a Saunders inclinometer and a Formetric 4D system. RESULTS As a result, the corrected position had a small range (min-max) at all angles, but the forced position and passive position had a large range (min-max). The lumbar lordosis angle in the corrected position showed positive values throughout its range (min-max), while the other groups showed negative values, which indicates the kyphotic position of the lumbar section. In addition, the percentage error in the corrected position was small, but it presented high values in the other groups. When comparing the average angles between the groups, there were substantial changes observed between the corrected position and the other groups. It was found that the corrected position with the sternum lifted, which is applied to improve slump sitting in the clinical environment, exhibited an angle that differed from that of the forced position and the passive position. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a forced position on the command "scapular retraction" does not meet the clinical assumptions of posture correction, in contrast to the corrected position with the lifting of the sternum for the improvement of slump sitting. The accurate correction of the position of the sternum and sacrum improves the position of the spine in the sagittal plane, enabling physiological values for the kyphosis and lordosis angle parameters to be obtained. This approach combines the ease of execution and precision of the effect. The fact that this method does not require complex tools to accurately correct the body encourages the implementation of this solution in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Piotr Kiebzak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-516 Kielce, Poland;
- Świętokrzyskie Centre for Paediatrics, Provincial Integrated Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Sun-Young Ha
- Institute for Basic Sciences Research, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Arkadiusz Żurawski
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-516 Kielce, Poland;
- Świętokrzyskie Centre for Paediatrics, Provincial Integrated Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
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3
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Titcomb DA, Melton BF, Bland HW, Miyashita T. Evaluation of the Craniovertebral Angle in Standing versus Sitting Positions in Young Adults with and without Severe Forward Head Posture. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2024; 17:73-85. [PMID: 38665167 PMCID: PMC11042887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of standing versus sitting body position on the craniovertebral angle (CVA) in young adults without pathology; and to investigate whether mean differences between positional CVA measures in subjects with severe forward head posture (FHP) are distinct from age-matched controls with normal head posture. Ninety-eight young adults (68 women, 30 men) without pathology (OVERALL; n = 98) volunteered for the study; those with CVA > 53° were also included in a normal posture group (NORM; n = 14); those with CVA < 45° were also included in a severe FHP group (SEV; n = 15). CVA assessments were conducted in standing and sitting. Mean difference comparison of change in mean CVA between conditions revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher CVA values in standing condition (OVERALL: 50.0 ± 5.2°; NORM: 56.6 ± 2.7°; SEV: 41.2 ± 3.2°) compared to sitting condition (OVERALL: 47.8 ± 5.7°; NORM: 55.9 ± 2.8°; SEV: 39.0 ± 4.0°). Mean difference comparison of between-group change in mean CVA between conditions revealed greater CVA change (p < 0.05) in the SEV group (2.2 ± 2.1°) versus the NORM group (0.8 ± 1.2°). Sitting CVA values may be lower (indicating greater FHP) than standing CVA values in young adults. Differences between standing and sitting CVA measures may be greater in young adults with severe FHP compared to peers with normal head posture. Study findings support standing as a standardized body position for CVA assessment in young adults without pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Titcomb
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Concordia University-Chicago, River Forest, IL, USA
| | - Bridget F Melton
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Helen W Bland
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Theresa Miyashita
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Concordia University-Chicago, River Forest, IL, USA
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4
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Yan Z, Zhou W, Chen G, Xie Z, Zhao Z, Zhang C. Measurement of human body parameters for human postural assessment via single camera. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300041. [PMID: 37559471 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a camera-based human body parameters measurement approach and develop a human postural assessment system. The approach combines the conventional contact measurement method and the non-contact measurement method to overcome some shortcomings in terms of time, expense, and professionalism in early methods. The entire measurement system consists of a computer, a high-definition camera, and the sticky points that are applied to the participant's body before the measurement. The camera captures the triple view image of human body. Then, the human body outline and the joint points of the human skeleton are extracted to locate the bone feature points. Finally, measurements and extractions of the human parameters are made. Experimental results demonstrate that the global postural assessment system provides quantitative guidance for human postural evaluation, and it completely changes how human postural is evaluated. The postural assessment system is significant for early diagnosis of diseases and medical rehabilitation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Department of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian (Quanzhou)-HIT Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhou
- Quanzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhexin Xie
- Fujian (Quanzhou)-HIT Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Quanzhou, China
- Pcn-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziyang Zhao
- Fujian (Quanzhou)-HIT Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chentao Zhang
- Pcn-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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5
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Wang C, Li X, Guo Y, Du W, Guo H, Chen W. The Kinematic and Kinetic Responses of the Trunk and Lower Extremity Joints during Walking with and without the Spinal Orthosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116952. [PMID: 35682535 PMCID: PMC9180275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal orthoses are an effective option for restoring the spine to its original position and controlling poor posture. However, the effects of poor posture and spinal orthoses on the kinematics and kinetics of trunk and lower extremity joints remain unclear. A six-camera Vicon motion capture system and two AMTI force plates were employed to collect gait parameters, including joint angle (spine, thorax, hip, knee, and ankle), range of motion (ROM), and ground reaction forces (GRFs). Furthermore, joint moments and joint reaction forces (JRFs) were calculated using a full-body musculoskeletal model in OpenSim. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) was used to compare significant differences among three trial conditions. These three conditions were walking in a normal posture, poor posture, and spinal orthosis. The results showed that spine ROM in the coronal and transverse plane was significantly lower when walking with a spinal orthosis compared to walking in normal and poor posture (p < 0.05). Compared to normal posture, the lumbar moments and back compressive forces were significantly increased when walking in poor posture (p < 0.05). However, when walking with a spinal orthosis, there was a significant decrease in trunk moments and reaction forces compared to walking in poor posture (p < 0.05). Individuals with poor posture could potentially induce instability and disorders, as evidenced by an increase in trunk moments and JRF compared to the normal posture. Spinal orthosis not only restricts spine ROM but also reduces the load on the spine and thus increases balance and stability.
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Li C, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Han X, Lin X, Wen L. Correction to: Sagittal imbalance of the spine is associated with poor sitting posture among primary and secondary school students in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:479. [PMID: 35590313 PMCID: PMC9121561 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenghui Yu
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Li Wen
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Early Notice Pointer, an IoT-like Platform for Point-of-Care Feet and Body Balance Screening. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050682. [PMID: 35630149 PMCID: PMC9144081 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improper foot biomechanics associated with uneven bodyweight distribution contribute to impaired balance and fall risks. There is a need to complete the panel of commercially available devices for the self-measurement of BMI, fat, muscle, bone, weight, and hydration with one that measures weight-shifting at home as a pre-specialist assessment system. This paper reports the development of the Early Notice Pointer (ENP), a user-friendly screening device based on weighing scale technology. The ENP is designed to be used at home to provide a graphic indication and customised and evidence-based foot and posture triage. The device electronically detects and maps the bodyweight and distinct load distributions on the main areas of the feet: forefoot and rearfoot. The developed platform also presents features that assess the user's balance, and the results are displayed as a simple numerical report and map. The technology supports data display on mobile phones and accommodates multiple measurements for monitoring. Therefore, the evaluation could be done at non-specialist and professional levels. The system has been tested to validate its accuracy, precision, and consistency. A parallel study to describe the frequency of arch types and metatarsal pressure in young adults (1034 healthy subjects) was conducted to explain the importance of self-monitoring at home for better prevention of foot arch- and posture-related conditions. The results showed the potential of the newly created platform as a screening device ready to be wirelessly connected with mobile phones and the internet for remote and personalised identification and monitoring of foot- and body balance-related conditions. The real-time interpretation of the reported physiological parameters opens new avenues toward IoT-like on-body monitoring of human physiological signals through easy-to-use devices on flexible substrates for specific versatility.
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8
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Zhai M, Huang Y, Zhou S, Feng J, Pei C, Wen L. Effects of a postural cueing for head and neck posture on lumbar lordosis angles in healthy young and older adults: a preliminary study. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:199. [PMID: 35379258 PMCID: PMC8981642 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postural rehabilitation plays an important role in the treatment of non-specific low back pain. Although pelvic inclination has been widely used to improve lumbar lordosis, the effect of cervical anterior inclination on lumbar lordosis in young and older adults in sitting and standing posture is still unclear. This preliminary study was designed to examine the influence of changing the cervical anterior angle on the lumbar lordosis angle, through alterations of the head position under the natural sitting and standing conditions, aiming to provide a basis for establishing a new postural rehabilitation strategy. Methods Thirty-six young (24.0 ± 2.2 years, 14 females and 22 males) and 38 older (68.4 ± 5.9 years, 36 females and 2 males) healthy adults participated in this study. The four spinal regional angles—cervical anterior angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, and pelvic forward inclination angle, were measured in standing and relaxed sitting postures to determine the effects of a postural cueing for the head and neck posture, “inclining head backward and performing chin tuck,” on lumbar lordosis angle. Results In the standing posture, the pelvic forward inclination angle in the older adult group was significantly smaller (P < 0.001, by ANOVA) than that in the young adult group and increased significantly (P < 0.001) in response to the postural cueing. In addition, the thoracic kyphosis angle in the standing (P = 0.001) and sitting (P = 0.003) positions was significantly reduced in response to the postural cueing. However, the lumbar lordosis angle in response to the postural cueing increased significantly in both the standing position (P < 0.001) and sitting position (P < 0.001). Conclusion The results suggest that increasing the cervical anterior angle can increase the lumbar lordosis angle, and the cervical anterior inclination can be used as an alternative to pelvic forward inclination to improve the lumbar lordosis angle. Furthermore, the change in head and neck posture can reduce the thoracic kyphosis angle, making it possible to establish a new noninvasive body posture rehabilitation strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03090-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhai
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, No.8 Linggusi road, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yongchao Huang
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, No.8 Linggusi road, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, P Block, Military Road, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Jiayun Feng
- Institute of Sports Training, Tianjin University of Sport, No.16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chaolei Pei
- Institute of Sports Training, Shanxi Normal University, No.339 Taiyu Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, 030000, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, No.8 Linggusi road, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Tsagkaris C, Widmer J, Wanivenhaus F, Redaelli A, Lamartina C, Farshad M. The sitting vs standing spine. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 9:100108. [PMID: 35310424 PMCID: PMC8924684 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Planning of surgical procedures for spinal fusion is performed on standing radiographs, neglecting the fact that patients are mostly in the sitting position during daily life. The awareness about the differences in the standing and sitting configuration of the spine has increased during the last years. The purpose was to provide an overview of studies related to seated imaging for spinal fusion surgery, identify knowledge gaps and evaluate future research questions. Methods A literature search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMASc) was performed to identify reports related to seated imaging for spinal deformity surgery. A summary of the finding is presented for healthy individuals as well as patients with a spinal disorder and/or surgery. Results The systematic search identified 30 original studies reporting on 1) the pre- and postoperative use of seated imaging of the spine (n=12), 2) seated imaging of the spine for non - surgical evaluation (n=7) and 3) seated imaging of the spine among healthy individuals (12). The summarized evidence illuminates that sitting leads to a straightening of the spine decreasing thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), the sacral slope (SS). Further, the postural change between standing and sitting is more significant on the lower segments of the spine. Also, the adjacent segment compensates the needed postural change of the lumbar spine while sitting with hyperkyphosis. Conclusions The spine has a different configuration in standing and sitting. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge about such differences and reveals that there is minimal evidence about their consideration for surgical planning of spinal fusion surgery. Further, it identifies gaps in knowledge and areas of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Tsagkaris
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Spine Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Widmer
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Spine Biomechanics, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wanivenhaus
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Redaelli
- GSpine4 - I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mazda Farshad
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wen JX, Yang HH, Han SM, Cao L, Wu HZ, Yang C, Li H, Chen LL, Li NN, Yu BH, Gao BL, Wu WJ. Trunk balance, head posture and plantar pressure in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:979816. [PMID: 36340704 PMCID: PMC9627203 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.979816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of trunk balance with head posture and plantar pressure is unknown in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of trunk balance with head posture and plantar pressure by analyzing the imaging data of patients with AIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was performed on 80 AIS patients who had whole spine frontal and lateral radiographs, and the imaging parameters were measured and analyzed. RESULTS The coronal trunk imbalance rate was 67.5%, the trunk offset direction was towards left in 65 cases and right in 15 cases, and the head offset direction was towards left in 66 cases and right in 14 cases. The sagittal trunk imbalance rate was 57.25%. The distance of apical vertebrae and head offset in the coronal trunk balance group was significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than that in the imbalance group. The apical vertebrae offset distance and head offset distance were positively correlated with the tilt angle of trunk (r = 0.484 and 0.642, respectively, P < 0.05). The difference in the percentage of pressure load on the left and right foot was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the coronal imbalance group than that in the balance group.The center of pressure (COP) sway area was significantly (P < 0.05) larger in the overall trunk imbalance group (both coronal and sagittal imbalance) than in the balanced group. CONCLUSION Most AIS patients have trunk imbalance which is severer on the coronal than on the sagittal plane. AIS patients with trunk imbalance show more significant local deformities, greater head offset, greater COP sway area, and decreased head and standing stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xu Wen
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu-Man Han
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui-Zhao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nuan-Nuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bao-Hai Yu
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bu-Lang Gao
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, China
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