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Abdo A, Zhang C, Al-Dalali S, Hou Y, Gao J, Yahya MA, Saleh A, Aleryani H, Al-Zamani Z, Sang Y. Marine Chitosan-Oligosaccharide Ameliorated Plasma Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters by Modifying the Gut Microflora, Bile Acids, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:2923. [PMID: 37447249 PMCID: PMC10346597 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the cholesterol-alleviating effect and underlying mechanisms of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Male hamsters (n = 24) were divided into three groups in a random fashion, and each group was fed one particular diet, namely a non-cholesterol diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and an HCD diet substituting 5% of the COS diet for six weeks. Subsequently, alterations in fecal bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microflora (GM) were investigated. COS intervention significantly reduced and increased the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in hypercholesteremic hamsters. Furthermore, Non-HDL-C and total triacylglycerols (TG) levels were also reduced by COS supplementation. Additionally, COS could reduce and increase food intake and fecal SCFAs (acetate), respectively. Moreover, COS had beneficial effects on levels of BAs and GM related to cholesterol metabolism. This study provides novel evidence for the cholesterol-lowering activity of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abdo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Sam Al-Dalali
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Saleh
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamzah Aleryani
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Zakarya Al-Zamani
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen; (S.A.-D.); (A.S.); (Z.A.-Z.)
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (A.A.); (Y.H.); (J.G.)
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Niaz Q, Tavangar SM, Mehreen S, Ghazi-Khansari M, Jazaeri F. Evaluation of statins as a new therapy to alleviate chronotropic dysfunction in cirrhotic rats. Life Sci 2022; 308:120966. [PMID: 36150464 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Liver cirrhosis defines by regenerative nodules and fibrotic septa, causing a complication called cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) with chronotropic hypo-responsiveness. In addition to lowering cholesterol levels, statins yield antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In liver diseases animal models, statins have been shown to decrease hepatic inflammation, fibrogenesis, and portal pressure (PP). Therefore, we evaluated the atorvastatin effect on the heart in cirrhotic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham operation performed on male Wistar rats and grouped as cirrhotic; BDL/Saline, BDL/Ator-7d(days) (Atorvastatin 15 mg/kg/day), and BDL/Ator-14d groups, or control; Sham/Saline, Sham/Ator-7d, and Sham/Ator-14d groups. Corrected QT interval (QTc interval), chronotropic responses, serum brain natriuretic peptides (BNP), heart tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were studied along with atrial Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene expression. KEY FINDINGS The chronotropic responses decreased in BDL/Saline and increased in BDL/Ator-7d group. The QTc interval, BNP, TNF-α, and MDA levels increased in BDL/Saline and decreased in BDL/Ator-14d group. The Nrf2 level did not change in BDL/Saline and increased in BDL/Ator-14d group. The liver inflammation and fibrosis increased in BDL/Saline and did not affect BDL/Ator-7d and BDL/Ator-14d groups. The RhoA expression was down-regulated in BDL/Saline, BDL/Ator-7d, and BDL/Ator-14d groups. The eNOS expression did not change in BDL/Saline and down-regulated in BDL/Ator-14d group. SIGNIFICANCE Atorvastatin alleviates the chronotropic hypo-responsiveness and down-regulates the atrial RhoA and eNOS gene expression along with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-stress effects in CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sania Mehreen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Jazaeri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang Y, Qiu R, Kong G, Liu J. Effects of propofol combined with remifentanil anesthesia on the NO, endothelin and inflammatory cytokines in the plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis during the perioperative period. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3694-3700. [PMID: 30988754 PMCID: PMC6447789 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of propofol combined with remifentanil on the nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET-1) and inflammatory cytokines in the plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis were investigated. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent hepatectomy in the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2016 to July 2018 was made. According to different anesthesia methods, 30 patients anesthetized with propofol were enrolled into Group A. The other 38 patients anesthetized with propofol combined with remifentanil were enrolled into Group B, and the operation time, amount of bleeding during operation and postoperative awake time of the two groups were recorded. At three separate time-points T1 (30 min before the anesthesia), T2 (after the portal triad clamping), T3 (3 days after the operation), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in the plasma were measured by rate method, and the levels of NO, ET-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The plasma NO levels at the T2 time-point were significantly lower than those at the T1 and T3 time-points (P<0.05); at the T2 time-point, the concentrations of AST, ALT, ET-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the plasma in Group A were significantly higher than those of Group B (P<0.05), while the levels of plasma NO in Group A were the opposite (P<0.05). The anesthesia of propofol combined with remifentanil could contribute to the balance of NO/ET-1 and the inhibition of inflammatory factors during the hepatectomy operation in patients with liver cirrhosis, and help to protect the liver function of patients, reducing the incidence of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Rongen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan 411413, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyin Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jitong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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Jiang Y, Fu C, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. Cholesterol-lowering effects and potential mechanisms of chitooligosaccharide capsules in hyperlipidemic rats. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1446. [PMID: 29922118 PMCID: PMC6002375 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has shown potential antihyperlipidemic activity in a few studies as a functional food. Method We investigated the cholesterol-lowering effect and potential mechanisms of chitooligosaccharide capsules (COSTC) in male SD rats fed a high-fat diet. Results COSTC could ameliorate serum lipid levels. Simultaneously, the cholesterol-lowering effect is probably attributed to its role in two pathways: upregulating the gene expression and activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor alpha (LXRA), and peroxisome proliferation activated receptor-α (PPARα), which facilitates the conversion of cholesterol into bile acid; downregulating the gene expression and activity of enzymes including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and sterol-responsive element binding protein-2 (SREBP2) and upregulating the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) to reduce the denovo synthesis of cholesterol. Conclusion Studies have suggested that COSTC has potential usefulness as a natural supplement or functional food for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hamzeh M, Hosseinimehr SJ, Khalatbary AR, Mohammadi HR, Dashti A, Amiri FT. Atorvastatin mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity via suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat model. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:440-449. [PMID: 30271446 PMCID: PMC6082033 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.236837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP), as a chemotherapy drug, induces hepatotoxicity through causing oxidative stress. Atorvastatin (ATV) at a low dose has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of ATV against CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. In this experimental study, 32 rats were treated with ATV orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, 5 days before and 5 days after the administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (150 mg/kg). The hepatoprotective effect of ATV was evaluated by measuring liver function markers, oxidative markers, histological and immunohistochemical assays. The biochemical results showed that administration of CP increased hepatic biomarkers enzymes as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. CP increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and decreased glutathione (GSH) content in rats. Moreover, administration of CP was associated with periportal leucocyte infiltration, dilation sinusoids, hepatocyte vacuolation, congestion and hemorrhage in livers of rats. CP significantly increased immunoreactivity of caspase-3 as a marker of apoptosis in liver tissue. ATV markedly mitigated liver injury through reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers, histopathological findings and apoptosis. The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities of ATV are main proposed mechanisms involved in its hepatoprotective effects against CP-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Hamzeh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran.,Pharmacutical Science Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Ayat Dashti
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, I.R. Iran
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