1
|
Hou XF, Zhao ZX, Liu LX, Zhang H. Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma misdiagnosed as lymphatic cyst: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3560-3570. [PMID: 37383918 PMCID: PMC10294187 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i15.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary abdominal and retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a vascular tumor and rarely seen in the clinic. Due to the lack of specific imaging features, retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma cannot be diagnosed accurately. Some symptoms may develop with the enlargement of lesion volume or the occurrence of complications such as rupture or oppression. We report here a special case who was admitted with chronic abdominal pain. Admission examination suggested a retroperitoneal lymphatic duct cyst. Laparoscopic resection of the retroperitoneal mass was performed, and histological examination confirmed retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma.
CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 43-year-old Tibetan woman with intermittent left lower abdominal pain and discomfort 3 years ago. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass in the retroperitoneum with clear boundaries, internal septa, and no blood flow signal. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an irregular space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneum, and retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst was considered. Plain CT scanning showed multiple cyst-like hypo-intense shadows in the retroperitoneum, partially fused into a mass, and no obvious enhancement was found on enhanced scanning. MRI showed multiple irregular clump-like long T1 and long T2 signal shadows above the pancreas, within which linear short T2 signal shadows were seen. Diffusion-weighted imaging sequence showed hypo-signal shadows, without obvious enhancement on enhanced scanning. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI all suggested the possibility of retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst. However, the patient was finally diagnosed with retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma by pathological examination.
CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a benign lesion, and it is difficult to make a diagnosis preoperatively. Surgical resection may be the only treatment, which not only allows histopathological confirmation as a diagnostic purpose and excludes any risk of malignancy, but also avoids invasion of adjacent tissues, oppression, and other complications as a therapeutic goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Hou
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Zhan-Xue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Lin-Xun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toklu A, Mesa H, Collins K. Incidental adrenal hemangioma clinically suspicious for malignancy: diagnostic considerations and review of the literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:444-458. [PMID: 36507066 PMCID: PMC9729942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal hemangiomas are rare lesions often found incidentally during unrelated diagnostic work-up. We report a case of a 67-year-old man with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, anemia, arthralgia, joint swelling and unexplained weight loss, which prompted imaging studies. Computed tomography scan revealed a 5.4 cm adrenal mass. The patient had no clinical manifestations of adrenal medullary or cortical hyperfunction. Urine and plasma metanephrines and aldosterone/renin ratio were within normal range. The patient was taking prednisone for hand and ankle swelling, precluding assessment for Cushing syndrome. Given the size of the lesion, the possibility of malignancy was considered, and the patient elected for surgical management. The left adrenalectomy specimen weighed 54 g and revealed a 4.9 cm tan-brown mass with congested cut surface and a thin rim of residual adrenal gland parenchyma. Histologic examination showed thick and thin-walled vessels intermingled with adrenocortical elements at the periphery characteristic of a hemangioma. Surgical resection is the mainstay treatment for large, isolated adrenal masses to exclude malignancy and prevent retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Herein, we report a case of adrenal hemangioma, review a variety of other diagnostic considerations occurring in the adrenal gland, and highlight useful distinguishing features to assist in accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fujinami H, Kai T, Ando T, Shin T, Mimata H. A case of retroperitoneal venous malformation resected by laparoscopic surgery. IJU Case Rep 2022; 5:369-372. [PMID: 36090936 PMCID: PMC9436689 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among vascular malformations, venous malformations are the most common type. Among these, retroperitoneal venous malformations are extremely rare. Case presentation A 60‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with a retroperitoneal tumor 4.5 cm in diameter by abdominal computed tomographic scan. We had difficulty judging whether the tumor was benign or malignant. We performed laparoscopic surgery in order to remove the tumor and make a precise diagnosis. The pathological diagnosis was a venous malformation. Conclusion Venous malformation located in the retroperitoneum is very rare, and there were few cases that could be removed by laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery may be beneficial both for treatment and diagnosis of patients with a small retroperitoneal venous malformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fujinami
- Department of Urology Oita Red Cross Hospital Oita Japan
- Department of Urology Oita University Faculty of Medicine Yufu Oita Japan
| | - Tomoki Kai
- Department of Urology Oita University Faculty of Medicine Yufu Oita Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ando
- Department of Urology Oita University Faculty of Medicine Yufu Oita Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology Oita University Faculty of Medicine Yufu Oita Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology Oita University Faculty of Medicine Yufu Oita Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gunn E, Barnett CC, Duong AT, Beierle EA, Kelly DR, Vaid YN, Keene KS, Soike M, Whelan K. Bloom where you are planted: Hemangioma or malignancy? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29485. [PMID: 34843167 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular anomalies comprise a spectrum of disorders characterized by the abnormal development or growth of blood and lymphatic vessels. These growths have unique features and diverse behaviors, mandating a multidisciplinary approach in their evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Here we describe the case of a male toddler presenting with an abdominal mass, originally treated as a metastatic retroperitoneal tumor, but subsequently felt to represent a vascular anomaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gunn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher C Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anh Teressa Duong
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David R Kelly
- Department of Pediatric Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yoginder N Vaid
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kimberly S Keene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Soike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kimberly Whelan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Testini V, Eusebi L, Giannubilo W, Ferrara V, Bartelli F, Guglielmi G. Imaging findings and 4 years follow-up of adrenal cavernous hemangioma: a case report. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Adrenal hemangioma is a rare and non-functional benign tumor. Since the first case in 1955, approximately 90 cases have been reported in literature frequently presenting as a large and incidentally discovered retroperitoneal mass or as a result of hemorrhage caused by spontaneous rupture.
Case presentation
A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for right hypocondrium pain and anemia. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed and a large right adrenal mass measured 18 cm was found.
The patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. Histopathological diagnosis revealed a cavernous adrenal hemangioma.
Conclusion
Cavernous hemangiomas are uncommon tumors. We reported a case of adrenal cavernous hemangioma incidentally discovered by ultrasound and CT. In the case of finding adrenal masses, cavernous hemangiomas, although rare, should be considered a possible diagnosis.
The appropriate treatment is surgical resection to rule out any potential for malignancy, to relieve symptoms secondary to the mass effect, and to prevent complications such as retroperitoneal bleeding.
Collapse
|
6
|
[Adrenal cavernous hemangioma: A case report and literature review]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53. [PMID: 34393250 PMCID: PMC8365077 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 57-year-old male patient was referred to our department with complaints of his right adrenal gland occupancy and hypertension about 6 months. When admitted to the hospital, the blood pressure was about 160/100 mmHg, and the heart rate was 110 beats/min. He was no obvious obesity, acne, abnormal mood, without weakness of limbs, acral numbness, palpitation and headache. He presented with type 2 diabetes for more than 3 years, with oral administration of metformin enteric coated tablets and subcutaneous injection of insulin glargine to control blood glucose, and satisfied with blood glucose control. Enhanced CT showed that: the right adrenal gland showed a kind of oval isodense, slightly hypodense shadow, the edge was clear, lobular change, the size was about 5.8 cm×5.4 cm, uneven density, there were nodular and strip calcification, round lipid containing area and strip low density area, and the CT value of solid part was about 34 HU. Enhanced scan showed heterogeneous nodular enhancement in the solid part of the right adrenal gland, nodular enhancement could be seen inside. The CT values of solid part in arterial phase, venous phase and delayed phase were 45 HU, 50 HU and 81 HU, respectively. Considering from the right adrenal gland, cortical cancer was more likely. No obvious abnormality was found in his endocrine examination. After adequate preoperative preparation, retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed under general anesthesia. During the operation, the 6 cm adrenal tumor was closely related to the inferior vena cava and liver, and after careful separation, the tumor was completely removed and normal adrenal tissue was preserved. The operation lasted 180 min and the blood loss was 100 mL, and the blood pressure was stable during and after the operation. There was no obvious complication. The results of pathological examinations were as follows: the size of the tumor was 7.5 cm×6.0 cm×3.5 cm, soft, with intact capsule and grayish-red cystic in section. Pathological diagnosis: (right adrenal gland) cavernous hemangioma, secondary intravascular thrombosis, old hemorrhagic infarction with calcification and ossification. After 6 months of observation, no obvious complications and tumor recurrence were found. In summary, cavernous hemangioma of adrenal gland is a rare histopathological change. Its essence is a malformed vascular mass. Blood retention is the cause of thrombosis and calcification in malformed vessels. The imaging findings were inhomogeneous enhancement of soft tissue masses, and the adrenal function examination showed no obvious abnormalities. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery is feasible after adequate preoperative preparation. It is difficult to diagnose the disease preoperatively and needs to be confirmed by postoperative pathology.
Collapse
|
7
|
Almotairi W, Alhamam A, Alotaibi A, El Sharkawy T, Alsaif HS, Almousa A, Alsowayan O, Eldarawany H, Fadaak K. A Rare Presentation of Lisegang Rings in Adrenal Cavernous Hemangioma : Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Med 2021; 2021:9998729. [PMID: 34400913 PMCID: PMC8364425 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9998729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenal cavernous hemangiomas (AH) are benign nonfunctional vascular tumors rarely discovered as incidental findings on imaging studies or autopsies. This study presents a single case report of AH with another rare finding of the Liesegang ring. Also, we reviewed 73 case reports of cavernous adrenal hemangioma to provide an overview of AH's clinical characteristics. Case Report. A nonfunctional AH was incidentally discovered in a 59-year-old morbidly obese female patient with a 10-year history of hypertension and thyroidectomy. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed a left suprarenal mass of ∼16 cm in diameter. While the patient had no clinical manifestations from the hemangioma, all laboratory tests were within the normal values with no indication of a functional adrenal tumor. The mass was removed by open left adrenalectomy. The microscopic histological examination revealed a laminated structure with wide blood-filled spaces with a central core of necrotic and hemorrhagic changes, characteristic of a cavernous AH with the presence of a rare Liesegang ring. CONCLUSION Although rare, AH should be considered as a differential diagnosis for adrenal masses. This is the first reported case of a cavernous AH with rare microscopic findings of the Liesegang ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wejdan Almotairi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhamam
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aali Alotaibi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek El Sharkawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind S. Alsaif
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulatif Almousa
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ossamah Alsowayan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Eldarawany
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamel Fadaak
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Asnani R, Hosapatna Laxminarayana KP, Kaliyat S, Bhagvan KR, Bhat PKR, Goel S. Adrenal Hemangioma: A Common Tumor at Uncommon Site. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAdrenal hemangiomas are rare vascular tumors. These are benign, mostly nonfunctioning and asymptomatic. Cavernous adrenal hemangiomas are more common in the elderly, with female preponderance. A computed tomography (CT) scan can diagnose their benign nature. Most cases are managed surgically, and laparoscopy is the most common approach followed nowadays.A young female presented with nausea, pain, and a vague mass palpable in the right abdomen. With CT findings favoring benign lesion or nonfunctioning adenoma but symptomatic, the patient had to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy and adrenalectomy. Adrenal hemangiomas are rare lesions. Moreover, involving a young female further makes their diagnosis difficult. Hence, they must be kept as one of the differential diagnosis in evaluation of adrenal mass in young females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Asnani
- Department of Pathology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sajitha Kaliyat
- Department of Pathology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalale R. Bhagvan
- Department of General Surgery, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar R. Bhat
- Department of General Surgery, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreya Goel
- Department of Pathology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adrenal hemangioma: A rare presentation of bleeding incidentaloma: Case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77:442-445. [PMID: 33395822 PMCID: PMC7691671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal incidentalomas are tumors found accidentally by imaging. Hemangiomas are quite rare and in certain cases their surgical intervention should never be overlooked. Embolization is primarily implied but one should never neglect the failure rate and the need for surgical intervention. There are 4 types of AH: cavernous hemangioma, venous hemangioma, capillary type hemangioma, and mixed hemangioma. To our knowledge, our case has the largest size of an AH being reported in the literature with a 17 cm.
Introduction Adrenal incidentalomas are tumors found accidentally by imaging. Among the incidentalomas, hemangiomas are quite rare and in certain cases their surgical intervention should never be overlooked. Presentation of case We present a case of 70 years old Lebanese female with an adrenal tumor presented as syncope found to have anemia on presentation and a bleeding 17 cm adrenal tumor on imaging. Patient had workup to rule out functioning adrenal tumors and decision to excise the tumor was taken after failure of embolization. Pathology report denied malignancy despite of the huge size and was in favor of hemangioma. Conclusion Adrenal hemangiomas are rare and they rarely present as syncope. Attention to such a life-threatening condition should be sustained. Embolization is primarily implied but one should never neglect the failure rate and the need for surgical intervention.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen ZJ, Wang D, Fan SD, Ren SQ, Zhou F, Nie Y, Lv Q, Tian JZ. DaVinci robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection of parapelvic cavernous hemangioma: a case report. BMC Surg 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 32791964 PMCID: PMC7430835 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cavernous hemangioma, as a rare tumor, is difficult to differentiate from retroperitoneal lymphoma and paraganglioma. They are more difficult to excise completely through open surgery and traditional laparoscopic surgery. The study aimed to evaluate the role of DaVinci surgical system in laparoscopic resection of parapelvic cavernous hemangioma. Case presentation A 46-year-old female, who diagnosed as parapelvic cavernous hemangioma accompanying with thrombosis and calcification, was performed laparoscopic resection using DaVinci surgical system under general anesthesia. The patient well recovered without recurrence or spread of the lesion after operation for 3 months as well as hydronephrosis was significantly relieved. Conclusion Laparoscopic resection of parapelvic cavernous hemangioma under the help of DaVinci surgical system was feasible and safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Chen
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Shi-Da Fan
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shang-Qing Ren
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Tian
- Department of Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmed AA, Thomas AJ, Ganeshan DM, Blair KJ, Lall C, Lee JT, Morshid AI, Habra MA, Elsayes KM. Adrenal cortical carcinoma: pathology, genomics, prognosis, imaging features, and mimics with impact on management. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:945-963. [PMID: 31894378 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Most tumors are either metastatic or locally invasive at the time of diagnosis. Differentiation between ACC and other adrenal masses depends on clinical, biochemical, and imaging factors. This review will discuss the genetics, pathological, and imaging feature of ACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayahallah A Ahmed
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron J Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dhakshina Moorthy Ganeshan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katherine J Blair
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandana Lall
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James T Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ali I Morshid
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mouhammed A Habra
- Departments of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adrenal Cavernous Hemangioma: A Rarely Perceived Pathology-Case Illustration and Review of Literature. Case Rep Pathol 2019; 2019:8463890. [PMID: 31949968 PMCID: PMC6944974 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8463890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavernous hemangiomas are endothelial tumors that rarely affect the adrenal glands. Most of these tumors remain silent and are incidentally found on abdominal imaging. Hardly ever, these tumors are endocrinologically functional. They may present as vague abdominal pain. Surgical resection remains the mainstay for large masses. In this paper, we are presenting a case of adrenal cavernous hemangioma in a 83-year-old male patient who initially presented for workup of vague abdominal and bilateral flank pain. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed an 8 cm right adrenal adenoma which was metabolically nonfunctional. The mass was completely resected through an open subcostal incision, with no encountered postoperative complications. A highlight of all published cases of adrenal hemangiomas since 1955 is also presented and reviewed.
Collapse
|