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Peng Q, Chen Y, Xie T, Pu D, Ho VWS, Sun J, Liu K, Chan RCK, Ding X, Teoh JYC, Wang X, Chiu PKF, Ng CF. PiRNA-4447944 promotes castration-resistant growth and metastasis of prostate cancer by inhibiting NEFH expression through forming the piRNA-4447944-PIWIL2-NEFH complex. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3638-3655. [PMID: 38993562 PMCID: PMC11234203 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.96173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the leading cause of prostate cancer (PCa)-related death in males, which occurs after the failure of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial regulators in many human cancers, but their expression patterns and roles in CRPC remain unknown. In this study, we performed small RNA sequencing to explore CRPC-associated piRNAs using 10 benign prostate tissues, and 9 paired hormone-sensitive PCa (HSPCa) and CRPC tissues from the same patients. PiRNA-4447944 (piR-4447944) was discovered to be highly expressed in CRPC group compared with HSPCa and benign groups. Functional analyses revealed that piR-4447944 overexpression endowed PCa cells with castration resistance ability in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of piR-4447944 using anti-sense RNA suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRPC cells. Additionally, enforced piR-4447944 expression promoted in vitro migration and invasion of PCa cells, and reduced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, piR-4447944 bound to PIWIL2 to form a piR-4447944/PIWIL2 complex and inhibited tumor suppressor NEFH through direct interaction at the post-transcriptional level. Collectively, our study indicates that piR-4447944 is essential for prostate tumor-propagating cells and mediates androgen-independent growth of PCa, which extends current understanding of piRNAs in cancer biology and provides a potential approach for CRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No.8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dandan Pu
- Department of Surgery, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincy Wing-Sze Ho
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkai Sun
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kang Liu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Cheong-Kin Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hu KF, Shu CW, Lee CH, Tseng CJ, Chou YH, Liu PF. Comparative clinical significance and biological roles of PFKFB family members in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:257. [PMID: 37919747 PMCID: PMC10621127 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells promote glycolysis, which supports rapid cell growth and proliferation. Phosphofructokinase-fructose bisphosphatases (PFKFBs), a family of bidirectional glycolytic enzymes, play key roles in the regulation of glycolysis in many types of cancer. However, their roles in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common type of oral cancer, are still unknown. METHODS We compared the gene expression levels of PFKFB family members and analyzed their clinical significance in oral cancer patients, whose clinical data were obtained the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, assays for cell viability, cell cycle, cell migration and viability of cell spheroid were performed in scramble and PFKFB-silenced cells. RESULTS We discovered that PFKFB3 expression in tumor tissues was slightly higher than that in tumor adjacent normal tissues but that PFKFB4 expression was significantly higher in the tumor tissues of oral cancer patients. High PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 expression had different effects on the prognosis of oral cancer patients with different clinicopathological outcomes. Our data showed that PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 play different roles; PFKFB3 is involved in cell viability, G2/M cell cycle progression, invasion, and migration, whereas PFKFB4 is involved in the drug resistance and cancer stemness of OSCC cells. Furthermore, oral cancer patients with co-expressions of PFKFB3/cell cycle or EMT markers and PFKFB4/stemness markers had poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 play different biological roles in OSCC cells, which implying that they might be potential prognostic biomarkers for OSCC patients with certain clinicopathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Dentistry, Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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Wu Y, Zhang L, Bao Y, Wan B, Shu D, Luo T, He Z. Loss of PFKFB4 induces cell cycle arrest and glucose metabolism inhibition by inactivating MEK/ERK/c-Myc pathway in cervical cancer cells. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2399-2405. [PMID: 35659173 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2062225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) was reported to be necessary for tumour growth in several cancers. However, the function of PFKFB4 in cervical cancer has not been clearly elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to detect the expression of PFKFB4 in cervical cancer and the association with survival prognosis. The effect of PFKFB4 on cervical cancer cells growth, cycle, invasion, migration and glucose metabolism was investigated by loss-of-function approaches in vitro. The association between PFKFB4 and MEK/ERK/c-Myc pathway was identified by western blot assay. We found that PFKFB4 was highly expressed in cervical cancer samples and its overexpression led to a poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Knock down of PFKFB4 reduced cell growth, blocked cell cycle, inhibited cell invasion and migration, and blocked glucose metabolism in cervical cancer cells. Our findings afforded a theoretical basis for further research on the treatment of cervical cancer based on the control of PFKFB4 expression. Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? PFKFB4 was overexpressed in several kinds of cancers and its requirement for tumour growth has been confirmed in cancers such as glioma and breast cancer. However, the function of PFKFB4 in cervical cancer cells has not been clearly elucidated. A bioinformatics study showed that PFKFB4 was a member of a six-gene signature associated with glycolysis to predict the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. However, the relationship between PFKFB4 and glucose metabolism in cervical cancer has not been revealed.What do the results of this study add? Our results showed that PFKFB4 was highly expressed in cervical cancer samples and its overexpression led to a poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Moreover, the administration of si-PFKFB4 significantly reduced cell growth ability, blocked cell cycle, restrained the mobility and suppressed the glucose metabolism in cervical cancer cells partially by inactivating MEK/ERK/c-Myc pathway.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our findings afforded a theoretical basis for further research on the treatment of cervical cancer based on the control of PFKFB4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Gynecology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Gynecology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yiming Bao
- Gynecology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Biao Wan
- Gynecology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dan Shu
- Gynecology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Gynecology, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zengli He
- Obstetrics, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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Li D, Tang J, Gao R, Lan J, Shen W, Liu Y, Chen Y, Sun H, Yan J, Nie Y, Luo N. PFKFB4 promotes angiogenesis via IL-6/STAT5A/P-STAT5 signaling in breast cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:212-224. [PMID: 34976184 PMCID: PMC8692682 DOI: 10.7150/jca.66773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most newly-diagnosed cancer and the 5th leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of breast cancer is about 90%. However, the 5-year survival rate drops to <30% when metastasis to distant sites occurs. The blood vessel formation (i.e., angiogenesis) plays a crucial role during the metastatic process. In this study, we investigated the role of PFKFB4 in angiogenesis of breast cancer. Employing in vitro HUVEC tube formation or in vivo orthotopic mouse model, and gene editing or specific small inhibitors strategy, and utilizing qPCR, western blot, ELISA, or immunofluorescent/immunohistochemistry staining methods, we found the following: 1) PFKFB4 upregulates IL-6 expression via NF-κB signaling in breast cancer cells; 2) PFKFB4-induced lactate secretion contributes to NF-κB activation in breast cancer cells; 3) IL-6 elicits angiogenesis via STAT5A/P-STAT5 in HUVEC; 4) 5-MPN (a specific PFKFB4 inhibitor) suppresses angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest a potential strategy whereby 5-MPN may lead to an improved therapeutic outcome for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaping Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin 300131, China
| | - Jinxin Lan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Experimental Center of Operations, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Command College, Tianjin 300250, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongwei Nie
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Feng C, Li Y, Li K, Lyu Y, Zhu W, Jiang H, Wen H. PFKFB4 is overexpressed in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma promoting pentose phosphate pathway that mediates Sunitinib resistance. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:308. [PMID: 34593007 PMCID: PMC8482632 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinases play critical role in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We aim to exploit novel kinase that is both protumorigenic and drugable in ccRCC. METHODS Reproduction of public datasets with validation using microarray was performed to identify candidate gene. Functionality was studied using multi-omics with validation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) was differentially expressed showing significantly higher expression in tumor than in normal kidney. PFKFB4 overexpression was associated with advanced tumor grade, stage and worsened prognosis. PFKFB4-knockdown significantly impaired fitness in cell proliferation, migration and wound healing. Despite being recurrently deleted on 3p, PFKFN4 mRNA remained actively transcribed by HIF1α. Metabolomics showed overexpressed PFKFB4 showed enriched metabolites in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Phosphoproteomics and immunoprecipitation showed PFKFB4 also phosphorylated NCOA3 which interacted with FBP1 to counteract overactive PPP flux, forming a regulatory loop. PFKFB4-knockdown overcame resistance to Sunitinib in vitro and in vivo both in xenograft and tail-vein injection murine models. CONCLUSION We concluded PFKFB4 was associated with PPP activity and the fine-tuning of which was mediated by its phosphorylation of NCOA3. Targeting PFKFB4 held promise to combat resistance to Sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Feng
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Rd, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Rd, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kunping Li
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Rd, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Lyu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Rd, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Rd, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Rd, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui Wen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Rd, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, PR China
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Dong Y, Kong L. E2F2 drives glioma progression via PI3K/AKT in a PFKFB4-dependent manner. Life Sci 2021; 276:119412. [PMID: 33774025 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effects of PFKFB4 on glycolysis during the cancer progression has been investigated, while its role in glioma remains unclear. The present study evaluated the molecular mechanism of PFKFB4 in glycolysis of glioma progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pan-cancer platform SangerBox was inquired to investigate the E2F2 expression in tumors. The E2F2 expression was studied by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in collected glioma and normal brain tissues and by qRT-PCR and western blot in glioma cells. The relationship between the E2F2 expression in glioma tissues and patients' prognosis was analyzed. The cell malignant phenotype, glycolysis, growth and metastasis were examined by CCK-8, EdU, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell assays, ELISA kits, and tumorigenesis and metastasis assays. Downstream targets of E2F2 were searched in hTFtarget, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. The expression of these targets and their correlation with E2F2 expression in gliomas were investigated through the GEPIA website. After ChIP and luciferase assays, the effect of the target on glioma was investigated. KEY FINDINGS E2F2 was overexpressed in glioma patients and predicted poor prognoses. E2F2 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, DNA synthesis, migration, invasion and glycolysis, and inhibited apoptosis. Meanwhile, inhibition of E2F2 suppressed the growth and metastasis of gliomas. E2F2 elevated the PFKFB4 expression transcriptionally by binding to its promoter and activated PI3K/AKT pathway. The promotion of glioma metastasis and glycolysis by E2F2 was mitigated by PFKFB4 knockdown. SIGNIFICANCE E2F2-mediated transcriptional enhancement of PFKFB4 expression regulated the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT to promote glioma malignancy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhou Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, PR China.
| | - Zengjin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, PR China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, PR China
| | - Lingchang Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, ZhengZhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, PR China
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Wang F, Wu X, Li Y, Cao X, Zhang C, Gao Y. PFKFB4 as a promising biomarker to predict a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:296. [PMID: 33732372 PMCID: PMC7905623 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Previous studies have reported that phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) functions as an oncoprotein in various types of cancer. However, the association between PFKFB4 and GC remains unclear. The present study analyzed the expression levels of PFKFB4 in 148 GC tissue samples, including 46 tumor tissues with matched adjacent normal tissues, using immunohistochemistry, compared the expression levels of PFKFB4 between GC and adjacent normal tissues, and determined the association between PFKFB4 expression levels and patient clinicopathological characteristics. In addition, survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter database to evaluate the association between PFKFB4 expression and GC prognosis. The results revealed that PFKFB4 expression was upregulated in GC tissues compared with in adjacent normal tissues. PFKFB4 expression was associated with patient age, tumor size, pathological tumor (pT) stage and tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage, and upregulated expression levels of PFKFB4 were observed in tumor tissues from patients <65 years old (compared with that in patients ≥65 years old), as well as patients with a larger tumor size and an advanced stage (pT and pTNM stage) disease. In addition, KM survival analysis demonstrated that patients with low PFKFB4 expression had a significantly improved overall survival (OS), first progression survival and post-progression survival times compared with those with high PFKFB4 expression. Furthermore, PFKFB4 expression was negatively associated with OS time in patients with late pT and pTNM stage disease. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the upregulated PFKFB4 expression in GC tissues may serve as a biomarker for a more advanced disease and a poor prognosis in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Cao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Metabolic regulation of prostate cancer heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 82:94-119. [PMID: 33290846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main hallmarks of cancer cells. It refers to the metabolic adaptations of tumor cells in response to nutrient deficiency, microenvironmental insults, and anti-cancer therapies. Metabolic transformation during tumor development plays a critical role in the continued tumor growth and progression and is driven by a complex interplay between the tumor mutational landscape, epigenetic modifications, and microenvironmental influences. Understanding the tumor metabolic vulnerabilities might open novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve the efficacy of current tumor treatments. Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease harboring different mutations and tumor cell phenotypes. While the increase of intra-tumor genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity is associated with tumor progression, less is known about metabolic regulation of prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. This review summarizes the central metabolic adaptations in prostate tumors, state-of-the-art technologies for metabolic analysis, and the perspectives for metabolic targeting and diagnostic implications.
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