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Parsegian K, Okano DK, Chandrasekaran S, Kim Y, Carter TC, Shimpi N, Fadakar S, Angelov N. The PocketPerio application significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions in didactic and chairside settings. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10189. [PMID: 38702352 PMCID: PMC11068793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions using the developed web-based PocketPerio application and evaluate the user's perspective on the use of PocketPerio. First, 22 third-year dental students (DS3) diagnosed ten cases without PocketPerio (control) and with PocketPerio (test) during a mock examination. Then, 105 DS3, 13 fourth-year dental students (DS4), and 32 senior second-year International Standing Program students (ISP2) used PocketPerio chairside. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric paired two-tailed test of significance with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The null hypothesis that PocketPerio did not increase the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses was rejected at α < 0.01. Periodontal diagnoses made using PocketPerio correlated with those made by periodontics faculty ("gold standard") in all cases. During the mock examination, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses compared to the control (52.73 vs. 13.18%, respectively). Chairside, PocketPerio significantly increased the accuracy of primary (100 vs. 40.0%) and secondary (100 vs. 14.25%) periodontal diagnoses compared to the respective controls. Students regardless of their training year felt more confident in diagnosing periodontal conditions using PocketPerio than their current tools, provided positive feedback on its features, and suggested avenues for its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karo Parsegian
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Surgical Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13065 E 17Th Ave, Rm 130J, Aurora, CO, 80045-2532, USA.
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - David K Okano
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sangeetha Chandrasekaran
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Surgical Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13065 E 17Th Ave, Rm 130J, Aurora, CO, 80045-2532, USA
| | - Yoolim Kim
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Surgical Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13065 E 17Th Ave, Rm 130J, Aurora, CO, 80045-2532, USA
| | - Tonia C Carter
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Neel Shimpi
- Center for Dental Benefits, Coding and Quality, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sadaf Fadakar
- Predoctoral Dental Student, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Tokede B, Brandon R, Lee CT, Lin GH, White J, Yansane A, Jiang X, Kalenderian E, Walji M. Development and validation of a rule-based algorithm to identify periodontal diagnosis using structured electronic health record data. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:547-557. [PMID: 38212876 PMCID: PMC11194784 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate an automated electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithm to suggest a periodontal diagnosis based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using material published from the 2017 World Workshop, a tool was iteratively developed to suggest a periodontal diagnosis based on clinical data within the EHR. Pertinent clinical data included clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival margin to cemento-enamel junction distance, probing depth, furcation involvement (if present) and mobility. Chart reviews were conducted to confirm the algorithm's ability to accurately extract clinical data from the EHR, and then to test its ability to suggest an accurate diagnosis. Subsequently, refinements were made to address limitations of the data and specific clinical situations. Each refinement was evaluated through chart reviews by expert periodontists at the study sites. RESULTS Three-hundred and twenty-three charts were manually reviewed, and a periodontal diagnosis (healthy, gingivitis or periodontitis including stage and grade) was made by expert periodontists for each case. After developing the initial version of the algorithm using the unmodified 2017 World Workshop criteria, accuracy was 71.8% for stage alone and 64.7% for stage and grade. Subsequently, 16 modifications to the algorithm were proposed and 14 were accepted. This refined version of the algorithm had 79.6% accuracy for stage alone and 68.8% for stage and grade together. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a rule-based algorithm for suggesting a periodontal diagnosis using EHR data can be implemented with moderate accuracy in support of chairside clinical diagnostic decision making, especially for inexperienced clinicians. Grey-zone cases still exist, where clinical judgement will be required. Future applications of similar algorithms with improved performance will depend upon the quality (completeness/accuracy) of EHR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunmi Tokede
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas at Houston, Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Brandon
- Willamette Dental Group and Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics & Dental Hygiene, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Postgraduate Periodontics Program, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joel White
- Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco/ UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alfa Yansane
- Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco/ UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- Department of Health Data Science and AI, UTHealth School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elsbeth Kalenderian
- Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco/ UCSF School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Muhammad Walji
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas at Houston, Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Jones D, Oh SL. Correlation Between Student Performances on Case-Based Constructed-Response Formative Assessment and Summative Assessment. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2024; 11:23821205241239496. [PMID: 38516552 PMCID: PMC10956135 DOI: 10.1177/23821205241239496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the impact of formative assessment with case-based constructed-response question (CRQ) formats on student performance on the final summative assessment in the second-year periodontics course. METHODS Classroom quizzes with case-based CRQs were implemented as the formative assessment during the course. Each student received feedback on their responses from the course director. After all students (N = 128) took the second-year final examination, the Friedman test was conducted to compare student performances in each assessment over time. The multiple linear regression (MLR) model was used to evaluate the association between the second-year final examination score and plausible predictors-student gender, the second-year formative and midterm examination scores, and time spent on the final examination. RESULTS The mean % scores in the formative assessment (51) and midterm (84) examination were significantly lower than that of the final (87) examination (P < .01). The number of students who failed the final (6) examination was significantly lower than the midterm (16) examination (P = .03). The midterm (P < .0001) and the formative assessment (P = .0009) scores significantly affected the second-year final examination score while student gender (P = .59) and time spending (P = .83) showed no correlations. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the study, student performance on case-based CRQs was correlated with student performance on the summative assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Jones
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Se-Lim Oh
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Raittio E, Baelum V. Justification for the 2017 periodontitis classification in the light of the Checklist for Modifying Disease Definitions: A narrative review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:1169-1179. [PMID: 36951361 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Once a while, disease classifications have needed revision because new knowledge has accumulated, and new technologies and better treatments have emerged. Changes made to disease classifications should be trustworthy and openly justified. The periodontitis definition and classification system was changed in 2017 by the 'World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions'. The workshop, comprising clinicians and researchers, resulted in the production of a 23-article special issue that introduced the new definitions and classifications of periodontitis. In this narrative review, we critically review how the changes made to the periodontitis definition and classification were justified in the light of the Checklist for Modifying Disease Definitions. Under each of the eight items of the checklist, we have discussed how the item was or could have been considered in the light of the checklist and its guidance. In our view, the new definition and classification of periodontitis was presented in an understandable way, even though the changes from the previous definition were not made visible. However, the issues of (1) estimated changes in prevalence or incidence, (2) triggers for the change, (3) prognostic ability, (4) repeatability or reproducibility, (5) incremental benefits, (6) incremental harms or (7) net benefits and harms related to the introduction of new classification were not considered in the way suggested in the checklist. Thereby, a balanced assessment of potential benefits and harms associated with the new periodontitis classification system was not presented, and to a large extent it remains unknown if the use of the new classification system will provide more net benefits to patients and to the community than previous systems. It is our view that patients and societies deserve transparent and balanced assessments of the potential benefits and harms associated with the periodontitis classification. Importantly, these should reflect the values and preferences also of the patients and the wider community and consider the impact on resource usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Raittio
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vibeke Baelum
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ganhewa M, Lau A, Lay A, Lee MJ, Liang W, Li E, Li X, Khoo LY, Lee SM, Mariño R, Cirillo N. Harnessing the power of collective intelligence in dentistry: a pilot study in Victoria, Australia. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:405. [PMID: 37340358 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many dental settings, diagnosis and treatment planning is the responsibility of a single clinician, and this process is inevitably influenced by the clinician's own heuristics and biases. Our aim was to test whether collective intelligence increases the accuracy of individual diagnoses and treatment plans, and whether such systems have potential to improve patient outcomes in a dental setting. METHODS This pilot project was carried out to assess the feasibility of the protocol and appropriateness of the study design. We used a questionnaire survey and pre-post study design in which dental practitioners were involved in the diagnosis and treatment planning of two simulated cases. Participants were provided the opportunity to amend their original diagnosis/treatment decisions after viewing a consensus report made to simulate a collaborative setting. RESULTS Around half (55%, n = 17) of the respondents worked in group private practices, however most practitioners (74%, n = 23) did not collaborate when planning treatment. Overall, the average practitioners' self-confidence score in managing different dental disciplines was 7.22 (s.d. 2.20) on a 1-10 scale. Practitioners tended to change their mind after viewing the consensus response, particularly for the complex case compared to the simple case (61.5% vs 38.5%, respectively). Practitioners' confidence ratings were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) after viewing the consensus for complex case. CONCLUSION Our pilot study shows that collective intelligence in the form of peers' opinion can lead to modifications in diagnosis and treatment planning by dentists. Our results lay the foundations for larger scale investigations on whether peer collaboration can improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning and, ultimately, oral health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Lau
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Angela Lay
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Weiyu Liang
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Emmy Li
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Xue Li
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Lee Yen Khoo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Su Min Lee
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Mariño
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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Aldowah O. The Ability of Dental Interns and Freshly Graduated Dentists to Assess Tooth Restorability. A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2022; 14:337-352. [DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s386676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Comparison Study of Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Dental Infections between Dental Students and Practitioners. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081393. [PMID: 35893215 PMCID: PMC9330809 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to access the knowledge in diagnosing dental infections and the practice in treatment planning for the affected teeth among dental practitioners (DPs) and senior (final-year) students. A survey questionnaire containing two cases (Case A; periodontal abscess and Case B; periapical abscess) with four questions per case was delivered to potential participants. Fifty-nine DPs voluntarily participated in the survey. For senior students, the case study was a part of their course requirements; one of the two cases (either Case A or B) was randomly assigned to the 126 seniors. The distribution of responses was significantly different between the DP and senior groups except for the diagnosis of Case B (Fisher’s exact test; p = 0.05). Only 31% of the participants diagnosed Case A as periodontal abscess; most of them selected periodontal surgery as the first treatment option. Despite a high agreement in diagnosing Case B, the choice of treatment was significantly different; the most frequent treatment option was extraction (51%) from the DP group and root canal retreatment (57%) from the senior group. The study revealed that the diagnosis of periodontal abscess was more challenging than that of periapical abscess among dental professionals.
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Gandhi KK, Katwal D, Chang J, Blanchard S, Shin D, Maupome G, Eckert GJ, John V. Diagnosis and treatment planning using the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases among three dental schools. J Dent Educ 2022; 86:1521-1528. [DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri K. Gandhi
- Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Diksha Katwal
- Department of Periodontology University of Louisville School of Dentistry Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Jennifer Chang
- Department of Periodontology University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Steven Blanchard
- Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Daniel Shin
- Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Gerardo Maupome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Vanchit John
- Department of Periodontology Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
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Parsegian K, Ayilavarapu S, Patel T, Henson HA, Angelov N. Flowcharts improve periodontal diagnosis by dental and dental hygiene students. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : CJDH = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGIENE DENTAIRE : JCHD 2021; 55:137-147. [PMID: 34925514 PMCID: PMC8641549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2017, the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology updated the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. The goal of the present crossover study was to develop straightforward, illustrative flowcharts and determine their impact on the accuracy and speed of diagnosing periodontal conditions by predoctoral dental students (DS) and dental hygiene students (DHS). METHODS Two flowcharts (a decision-tree flowchart and one based on the periodontal disease/condition entity) were developed using updated diagnostic determinants proposed by the 2017 classification. A total of 26 second-, third-, and fourth-year DS (DS2, DS3, and DS4, respectively) and second-year DHS (DHS2) took a mock examination consisting of 10 periodontal clinical cases. The participants first diagnosed periodontal conditions using only their curricula-based knowledge (control) and then using the flowcharts (test). They also completed an optional post-examination questionnaire to provide feedback on the flowcharts. Statistical significance was detected at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Combined test groups had significantly higher accuracy in diagnosing periodontal conditions compared to controls (73.5% vs 50.0%, respectively), with the most substantial improvement in DS2 (66.3% vs 30%, respectively) and DHS2 (70.0% vs 41.4%, respectively). Combined test groups also completed the examination more quickly compared to controls (14.92 vs 20.85 minutes, respectively). The participants provided positive feedback and constructive criticism on the flowcharts, and also suggested converting them into application software. CONCLUSION The flowcharts significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions in academic settings, especially among junior, less experienced participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karo Parsegian
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Ayilavarapu
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tulsi Patel
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harold A Henson
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
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