1
|
Spontaneity matters! Network alterations before and after spontaneous and active facial self-touches: An EEG functional connectivity study. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 184:28-38. [PMID: 36563880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite humans frequently performing spontaneous facial self-touches (sFST), the function of this behavior remains speculative. sFST have been discussed in the context of self-regulation, emotional homeostasis, working memory processes, and attention focus. First evidence indicates that sFST and active facial self-touches (aFST) are neurobiologically different phenomena. The aim of the present analysis was to examine EEG-based connectivity in the course of sFST and aFST to test the hypotheses that sFST affect brain network interactions relevant for other than sensorimotor processes. METHODS To trigger spontaneous FST a previously successful setting was used: 60 healthy participants manually explored two haptic stimuli and held the shapes of the stimuli in memory for a 14 min retention interval. Afterwards the shapes were drawn on a sheet of paper. During the retention interval, artifact-free EEG-data of 97 sFST by 32 participants were recorded. At the end of the experiment, the participants performed aFST with both hands successively. For the EEG-data, connectivity was computed and compared between the phases before and after sFST and aFST and between the respective before-and the after-phases. RESULTS For the before-after comparison, brainwide distributed significant connectivity differences (p < .00079) were observed for sFST, but not for aFST. Additionally, comparing the before- and after-phases of sFST and aFST, respectively, revealed increased similarity between the after-phases than between the before-phases. CONCLUSION The results support the assumption that sFST and aFST are neurobiologically different phenomena. Furthermore, the aligned network properties of the after-phases compared to the before-phases indicate that sFST serve self-regulatory functions that aFST do not serve.
Collapse
|
2
|
De Haro JC, Rosel EM, Salcedo-Bellido I, Leno-Durán E, Requena P, Barrios-Rodríguez R. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in the Setting of Dentistry: A Review Article. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16216. [PMID: 36498295 PMCID: PMC9739953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide pandemic has exposed healthcare professionals to a high risk of infection, exacerbating the situation of uncertainty caused by COVID-19. The objective of this review was to evaluate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental professionals and their patients. A literature review was conducted using Medline-Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, excluding systematic reviews, narratives, meta-analyses, case reports, book chapters, short communications, and congress papers. A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. The search retrieved 3879 articles, and 123 of these were selected for the review (7 longitudinal and 116 cross-sectional studies). Elevated anxiety levels were observed in dental professionals, especially in younger and female professionals. Except for orthodontic treatments, patients reported a high level of fear that reduced their demand for dentist treatment to emergency cases alone. The results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had psychological and emotional consequences for dental professionals and their patients. Further research is necessary to evaluate the persistence of this problem over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva María Rosel
- Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ester Leno-Durán
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Requena
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spille JL, Grunwald M, Martin S, Mueller SM. The suppression of spontaneous face touch and resulting consequences on memory performance of high and low self-touching individuals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8637. [PMID: 35606459 PMCID: PMC9125538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous touching of one's own face (sFST) is an everyday behavior that occurs primarily in cognitively and emotionally demanding situations, regardless of a persons’ age or gender. Recently, sFST have sparked scientific interest since they are associated with self-inoculation and transmission of respiratory diseases. Several studies addressed the need to reduce sFST behaviors without discussing the underlying functions of this spontaneous behavior. In addition, the question of why this behavior occurs very frequently in some individuals (high self-touching individuals, HT) but less frequently in others (low self-touching individuals, LT) has not yet been addressed. For the first time, we distinguished between HT and LT and investigated the behavioral consequences of sFST suppression in these two groups. For this purpose, we examined performance outcomes of 49 participants depending on sFST behaviors during a haptic working memory task. In addition, we assessed personality traits of HT and LT using the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI-R). The results of our study reveal that suppressing sFST in HT is negatively related to memory performance outcomes. Moreover, HT show tendencies to differ from LT in certain personality traits. Our results highlight the relevance of distinguishing between HT and LT in future studies of sFST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jente L Spille
- Haptic Research Laboratory, Paul Flechsig Institute - Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Grunwald
- Haptic Research Laboratory, Paul Flechsig Institute - Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Martin
- Haptic Research Laboratory, Paul Flechsig Institute - Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie M Mueller
- Haptic Research Laboratory, Paul Flechsig Institute - Centre of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alimoradi Z, Ohayon MM, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. Fear of COVID-19 and its association with mental health-related factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e73. [PMID: 35307051 PMCID: PMC8943231 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of COVID-19 remains high worldwide. Therefore, millions of individuals are likely to suffer from fear of COVID-19 and related mental health factors. AIMS The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize empirical evidence to understand fear of COVID-19 and its associations with mental health-related problems during this pandemic period. METHOD Relevant studies were searched for on five databases (Scopus, ProQuest, EMBASE, PubMed Central, and ISI Web of Knowledge), using relevant terms (COVID-19-related fear, anxiety, depression, mental health-related factors, mental well-being and sleep problems). All studies were included for analyses irrespective of their methodological quality, and the impact of quality on pooled effect size was examined by subgroup analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis pooled data from 91 studies comprising 88 320 participants (mean age 38.88 years; 60.66% females) from 36 countries. The pooled estimated mean of fear of COVID-19 was 13.11 (out of 35), using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The associations between fear of COVID-19 and mental health-related factors were mostly moderate (Fisher's z = 0.56 for mental health-related factors; 0.54 for anxiety; 0.42 for stress; 0.40 for depression; 0.29 for sleep problems and -0.24 for mental well-being). Methodological quality did not affect these associations. CONCLUSIONS Fear of COVID-19 has associations with various mental health-related factors. Therefore, programmes for reducing fear of COVID-19 and improving mental health are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maurice M Ohayon
- Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center (SSERC), School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; and Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reiter L, d'Ettorre P, Durand JL, Baillard C, Guerrier G. Self-touches as a behavioural marker of preoperative anxiety. Br J Anaesth 2021; 128:e26-e28. [PMID: 34799101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorène Reiter
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée UR 4443 (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Patrizia d'Ettorre
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée UR 4443 (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Durand
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée UR 4443 (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Christophe Baillard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Guerrier
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ibrahim MS, Alibrahim H, Al Madani A, Alamri A, Bamashmous M, Tounsi A. Fear Factor in Seeking Dental Care among Saudis during COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010589. [PMID: 34682335 PMCID: PMC8535545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to major lifestyle changes. The present study sought to assess factors associated with fear to seek dental care during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. An online questionnaire was filled by a convenient sample of adult Saudi residents through mobile instant messaging application. The following measures were collected: sociodemographic characteristics, fear of COVID-19 using validated Fears of Illness and Virus Evaluation scale, fear to seek dental care, perceived health status, and COVID-19 experience. There were 826 participants involved in this study (541 females and 285 males, mean age: 38.8 ± 13.29 years). Fear to seek dental care was significantly higher among females, younger age groups, people who perceived poor general and oral health, and people who perceived high risk of contracting the virus in dental clinics. After controlling for confounders, fear to seek dental care was significantly higher among the age group of 35–44 years, those who perceived high and moderate risk of COVID-19 infection in dental clinics, and among participants who reported untreated dental conditions. Fear that Others Get Sick, Fear of the Impact on Social Life, and Behaviors Related to Illness and Virus Fears were significantly associated with high levels of fear to seek dental care. Within the study’s limitations, fear of COVID-19 negatively impacted the study population’s willingness to seek dental treatment. Factors such as age, perceived risk of COVID-19 infection in dental clinics, and untreated dental conditions were associated with fear to seek dental care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salem Ibrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.I.); (A.T.); Tel.: +966-13-333-1520 (M.S.I.)
| | - Hala Alibrahim
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Al Madani
- Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Bamashmous
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abrar Tounsi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.I.); (A.T.); Tel.: +966-13-333-1520 (M.S.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spille JL, Grunwald M, Martin S, Mueller SM. Stop touching your face! A systematic review of triggers, characteristics, regulatory functions and neuro-physiology of facial self touch. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:102-116. [PMID: 34126163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous face touching (sFST) is an ubiquitous behavior that occurs in people of all ages and all sexes, up to 800 times a day. Despite their high frequency, they have rarely been considered as an independent phenomenon. Recently, sFST have sparked scientific interest since they contribute to self-infection with pathogens. This raises questions about trigger mechanisms and functions of sFST and whether they can be prevented. This systematic comprehensive review compiles relevant evidence on these issues. Facial self-touches seem to increase in frequency and duration in socially, emotionally as well as cognitively challenging situations. They have been associated with attention focus, working memory processes and emotion regulating functions as well as the development and maintenance of a sense of self and body. The dominance of face touch over other body parts is discussed in light of the proximity of hand-face cortical representations and the peculiarities of facial innervations. The results show that underlying psychological and neuro-physiological mechanisms of sFST are still poorly understood and that various basic questions remain unanswered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jente L Spille
- University of Leipzig, Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Haptic Research Lab, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Grunwald
- University of Leipzig, Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Haptic Research Lab, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Martin
- University of Leipzig, Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Haptic Research Lab, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie M Mueller
- University of Leipzig, Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, Haptic Research Lab, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|