Prevalence of periodontitis in obese patients in Bahrain: a cross-sectional study

Association between weight-adjusted waist index and periodontitis: A population-based study

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the association between the Weight-adjusted Waist Circumference Index (WWI) and the prevalence of periodontitis, providing novel evidence on the link between central obesity and periodontal health.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 10,289 participants enrolled from NHANES 2009 to 2014. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference by the square root of weight. We employed a multivariate logistic regression model and smoothed curve fitting method to evaluate the relationship between WWI and periodontitis. We also compared different subgroups and analyzed the interaction effects.

RESULTS

A significant positive association between WWI and periodontitis was observed in 10,289 participants aged ≥30 (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12-1.28). Upon categorizing WWI into quartiles, the top quartile group exhibited a 27% increased prevalence of periodontitis compared to the bottom quartile (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.46; P for trend = 0.001). Among individuals aged 30 to 60, the strength of this positive correlation is more pronounced than in those aged 60 and above.

CONCLUSIONS

WWI demonstrates a positive correlation with periodontitis with a particularly pronounced impact on moderate periodontitis, suggesting its potential to improve periodontitis prevention in a broad population.

Association between Obesity and Periodontitis in US Adults: NHANES 2011-2014

INTRODUCTION

It is controversial whether obesity and periodontitis are related. A representative US population was examined for the relationship between obesity and periodontitis.

METHODS

In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, participants (n = 6,662) aged 30 years or older and who underwent periodontal examinations were chosen for analysis. An assessment of obesity was based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Estimates of obesity and periodontal disease were made using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS

According to an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis, BMI (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01∼1.02) and WC (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1∼1.01) were significantly associated with periodontitis, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the OR for patients with high WC with periodontitis was 1.18 (1.04∼1.33) compared to normal WC. BMI and WC subgroups showed no significant interaction (p for interaction >0.05), except for the age interaction in BMI. Among young adults aged 30-44 years, obesity was significantly associated with periodontitis in subgroups; the adjusted OR for having periodontal disease was 1.02 (1∼1.03) and 1.01 (1∼1.02) for subjects with BMI and WC, respectively. When all covariates were adjusted, BMI ≥30 kg/m2 was statistically significantly associated with prevalence of periodontal disease among people aged 30-44 years (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

BMI and WC are significantly associated with periodontitis, even after adjusting for many variables, and were equally significant in obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) young people (30-44 years).

Prevalence of different stages of periodontal diseases among a sample of young adult obese Egyptian patients: a hospital based Cross-sectional study over 1 year

BACKGROUND

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of different stages of periodontal diseases based on the recent classification in a sample of young adult obese Egyptian dental outpatients.

METHODS

This study included 314 patients seeking dental treatment at the Diagnostic Center of the Dental hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. Validated oral health questionnaire for adults regarding their age, gender, level of education and oral health routines as well as oral health impact profile questionnaire for chronic periodontitis (OHIP-CP) were filled by all patients. Obesity parameters were also assessed through person's weight in kilograms, height in centimeters and waist circumference to determine the obesity stage. Diagnosis was made based on measurements of clinical periodontal parameters including a full mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival recession depth (RD). Radiographic examination was performed using periapical radiographs. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of periodontal diseases and discriminant analysis was performed to predict periodontal disease classification.  RESULTS: The age range in the study sample was 19-39 years old. The prevalence of different stages of periodontal diseases was 100%. Gingivitis was the most prevalent periodontal disease (63.7%) followed by Periodontitis Stage III (22.6%) then Stage II (11.1%). Stage I showed the least prevalence (2.5%). An increase in BMI was statistically associated with an increase in PD, CAL, RD, PI and vice versa (P-value < 0.05). The total OHIP-CP was 15.99 ± 3.06 for all participants.

CONCLUSIONS

There was a statistically significant association between periodontal diseases and obesity in young adults, as well as a statistically significant direct correlation between BMI and periodontal parameters. Self-assessment of oral health and obesity were significant predictors of periodontal disease.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ID

NCT04618068.