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Abounassif FM, Alfaraj A, Gadah T, Yang CC, Chu TMG, Lin WS. Color stability of precolored and extrinsically colored monolithic multilayered polychromatic zirconia: Effects of surface finishing and aging. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38923252 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the impact of zirconia types, coloring methods, and surface finishing on the color stability of monolithic multilayered polychromatic zirconia after artificial aging, including thermocycling and simulated toothbrushing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty square-shaped zirconia samples were divided into 2 types (M3Y-TZP and M6Y-PSZ), further categorized based on coloring methods (precolored and extrinsically colored) and surface finishing techniques (mechanical polishing or glazing). The color stability was assessed using the CIEDE2000 formula. Artificial aging was simulated via thermocycling and toothbrushing. All samples were analyzed with a spectrophotometer to determine the post-aging color changes (ΔE00). The ΔE00 were interpreted and classified using the 50:50% perceptibility threshold (PT) and the 50:50% acceptability threshold (AT). Comparisons between groups for ΔE00 differences were performed using three-way ANOVA, with pairwise comparisons facilitated by Fisher's protected least significant difference test, α = 0.05. RESULTS The study results indicated significant impacts of zirconia type, coloring method, and surface finishing on color stability. The M6Y groups experienced significantly greater color changes (6.61 ± 1.63) compared to the M3Y groups (3.40 ± 2.24), p < 0.0001. For both types of zirconia, extrinsically colored samples exhibited significantly higher ΔE00 when mechanically polished (p = 0.004). However, surface finishing had no significant effect on ΔE00 in precolored samples of either zirconia material (p = 1.000). The evaluation and categorization of ΔE00 variations indicated that nearly all color changes in the M6Y groups, regardless of being precolored, extrinsically colored, polished, or glazed, were deemed extremely unacceptable (Grade 1). In contrast, the M3Y groups showed more acceptable results, with the majority of color changes classified as moderately unacceptable (Grade 3). CONCLUSIONS The color stability of multilayered polychromatic zirconia is influenced by the type of material, extrinsic coloring, and the chosen surface treatment post-artificial aging. The translucent 6Y-PSZ exhibited lower color stability, especially with only mechanical polishing. For the fabrication of M3Y-TZP and 6Y-PSZ monolithic multilayered polychromatic zirconia restorations, extrinsic coloring should be paired with glazing to maintain color stability. Conversely, in the absence of extrinsic coloring, both glazing and mechanical polishing are effective in preserving color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras M Abounassif
- Dental Department, Al Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alfaraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thuraya Gadah
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chao-Chieh Yang
- Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Sarıyer S, Subaşı MG. Surface treatment, liquid, and aging effects on color and surface properties of monolithic ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2024; 16:174-188. [PMID: 38957290 PMCID: PMC11215038 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2024.16.3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surface treatments, liquids, and aging on color, translucency, and surface properties of monolithic ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lithium disilicate (LDS) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramics (n = 135 each) were cut and divided into three groups [crystallization+glaze (single stage), crystallization-glaze (two stages), and crystallization-polish (two stages)]. One sample from each group was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Remaining samples were divided into four subgroups (distilled water, coffee, grape juice, and smoothie) (n = 11 each), stored for 12 d in the respective liquids, and thermally aged. One sample from each subgroup was analyzed using SEM. The color, gloss, and roughness values of the samples were analyzed after surface treatment (initial) and storage under different liquids+aging conditions. The initial data and both the aged data and data change values were analyzed using robust two- and three-way analyses of variance. RESULTS The glazed groups exhibited smoother surfaces. Ceramic type and ceramic-surface treatment interactions affected the initial translucency parameter (TP) (P < .001) and the initial and aged roughness values (P ≤ .001). Surface treatment type affected the color change (P < .001), and ceramic type affected the aged TP values (P < .001). Type of ceramic, surface treatment, and their interactions affected both the initial and aged gloss (P ≤ .001) and TP change values (P ≤ .015). Surface treatment type and ceramic-surface treatment interactions affected the gloss change values (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION Although both ceramics and all surface treatments are clinically applicable, crystallization-glaze is recommended. When gloss and smoothness are important or when translucency is important, ZLS or LDS may be preferred, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Sarıyer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Meryem Gülce Subaşı
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Makkeyah F, Elsahn NA, Bakr MM, Al Ankily M. Effect of Acidic Media on Surface Topography and Color Stability of Two Different Glass Ceramics. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38776980 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two acidic beverages (orange juice and H3PO4-containing fizzy drink) on the surface topography and color stability of two commonly used computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty samples of two CAD/CAM ceramic materials, lithium disilicate (IPS e-max CAD) and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were immersed in one of three media (artificial saliva, orange juice and H3PO4-containing fizzy drink) and then stored in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 hours). Before and after immersion in different media, the surface roughness (Ra) of the samples was assessed using profilometer (JITAI8101 Surface Roughness Tester-Beijing Jitai Tech Detection Device Co. Ltd, China) and the color parameters were measured using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.01 (VITA shade, VITA made, VITA). Surface topography was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface mineral content was compared before and after immersion. Paired sample t-test was used to determine the change in Ra before and after immersion. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of different CAD/CAM materials and immersion media on the mean ∆Ra and mean ∆E of the studied groups. Tukey's honest significant difference posthoc test was used for multiple comparisons at a level of significance (α = 0.05). RESULTS A significant increase in Ra and a decrease in the color stability of the two investigated ceramic materials were detected after immersion in the acidic media than in artificial saliva. SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray results revealed the dissolution of the glassy matrix and the exposure of silicate crystals. CONCLUSION The surface topography and color stability of glass ceramics are affected by the pH of different acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Makkeyah
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrine A Elsahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Bakr
- General Dental Practice, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Al Ankily
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Al Ahmari NM, Alshehri AH, Gadah TS, Alqahtani JA, Almushafi MA, Al Moaleem MM, Al Hatlan EN, Alqhatani AS, Alabydi SM. Comparison of color changes, fracture strengths, and failure modes of conventional endocrowns and endocrowns with different design modifications. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:2395-2408. [PMID: 38427513 DOI: 10.3233/thc-231175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrowns (ECs) are alternatives for rebuilding severely damaged teeth and show superior efficacy in molars over premolars. OBJECTIVE The objective of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effects of different preparation designs with short pulp chambers on the mean color change (ΔE), fracture resistance, and failure types of mandibular molar ECs. METHOD A total of 40 extracted mandibular molars were treated endodontically and divided into four groups. Samples in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 had occlusal preparation depths of 5 mm, 3 mm, 3 mm with ferrule, and 3 mm with boxes, respectively. The samples were immersed in coffee and their ΔE values were measured by using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color system. They were also subjected to a fracture test. Next, all specimens were examined visually under a stereomicroscope to evaluate their failure modes and identify their fracture origins. Data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS Among all groups, group 4 (3 mm + boxes) presented the highest ΔE (4.15) after immersion in coffee. Moreover, ANOVA revealed that the ΔE of group 4 (occlusal preparation depth of 3 mm with boxes) was significantly different (p< 0.05) from that of group 2 (3 mm + ferrule, 3.07). The EC with a 3 mm chamfer and ferrule showed the highest maximum load of 2847.68 ± 693.27 N, whereas that with a 5 mm chamfer finish line had a marginally reduced load at fracture of 2831.52 ± 881.83 N. The EC with a 3 mm chamber and boxes had a slightly increased maximum load of 2700.75 ± 436.40 N, whereas that with the 3 mm chamber had the lowest maximum load at fracture of 2385.97 ± 465.61 N. One-way ANOVA showed that different EC preparation designs had no effect on maximum fracture load (F [3,16] = 0.550, p= 0.6). CONCLUSION The recorded ΔE values of ECs in all groups were equal or marginally higher than the acceptable values. The EC with a 3 mm chamfer and ferrule displayed the highest mean maximum load. The EC with a 5 mm chamfer finish line had a marginally lower maximum load at fracture than other ECs. Failures, such as ceramic fracture, split fracture, and ceramic and tooth splitting above the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) or vertically were predominant in samples with occlusal preparation depths of 3 mm with ferrule and 5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulkarim H Alshehri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thrya S Gadah
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber A Alqahtani
- Aseer Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Saleh KA, Hammad IA, Aly YM. Effect of mouth rinses on the stainability of monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with different surface treatments: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:935.e1-935.e6. [PMID: 37802732 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Mouth rinses have been reported to cause tooth surface discoloration. However, information regarding their effect on the stainability of monolithic glass-ceramics with different surface treatments is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of mouth rinses on the color change of milled and pressed monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with different surface treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-six Ø12×1.5-mm disk specimens were fabricated using 2 different processing techniques: milling and pressing. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups according to surface treatments: glazed and polished. Specimens were then immersed in 2 different types of mouth rinse (n=7): chlorhexidine (CHX) and Listerine (LST). Color parameters were assessed using a digital spectrophotometer. Color difference (ΔE00) was calculated and compared with perceptibility (ΔE00=0.8) and acceptability (ΔE00=1.8) thresholds. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05). RESULTS The color difference (ΔE00) was significantly affected by the type of processing technique, surface treatment, and mouth rinse (P<.001) and their interaction (P=.008). All ΔE00 values were below the selected clinical acceptability threshold (ΔE00=1.8). Milled groups (ΔE00=1.13) showed greater discoloration than pressed groups (ΔE00=0.86). Glazed specimens (ΔE00=0.70) were more resistant to discoloration than polished specimens (ΔE00=1.28) and immersion in CHX (ΔE00=1.09) led to more discoloration than immersion in LST (ΔE00=0.89). CONCLUSIONS The color of milled and pressed monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with different surface treatments was affected by using CHX and LST mouth rinses. Glazed lithium disilicate glass-ceramics showed less staining compared with those that were polished. Specimens immersed in CHX showed more discoloration than those immersed in LST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Saleh
- Postgraduate student, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ihab A Hammad
- Professor and Former Dean, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Aly
- Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Nascimento VA, Bento VAA, Cruz KH, Silva LS, Pesqueira AA, Pellizzer EP. Color stability and surface roughness of resin-ceramics with different surface treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00567-X. [PMID: 37805289 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Surface treatments for resin-ceramics have been developed to obtain a smooth surface and improve color stability. However, a consensus on the best treatment for these materials is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the color stability and roughness of glass-ceramics versus resin-ceramics with different surface treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the study was registered in the open science framework (OSF) for in vitro studies. The population, intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) question was "Is there a difference in color stability and roughness between resin-ceramic vs vitreous ceramics in different surface treatment protocols?" A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases up to January 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical assessment guidelines for quasi-experimental studies were used for quality assessment. The meta-analysis was based on the inverse variance (IV) method (α=.05). RESULTS A total of 18 laboratory studies were published between 2015 and 2022, with a total of 2160 specimens, all of which were analyzed qualitatively. The meta-analysis indicated significantly less optical alteration for lithium disilicate ceramics (P<.01; MD: 2.69; 95% CI: 2.00-3.39; I²=89%, P<.01), even when compared with resin-ceramics with polish or sealants (P<.01; MD: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.59-3.30; I²=87%, P<.01) and (P<.01; MD: 3.24; 95% CI: 2.02-4.47; I²=89%, P<.01), while there was no significant difference in surface roughness (P=.08; MD: -0.71; CI 95%: -1.52 to 0.09; I²=87%, P<.01) (P=.33; MD: -0.31; CI 95%: -0.94 to 0.32; I²=87%, P<.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Resin-ceramics that have been polished or treated with sealants have lower color stability than glazed glass-ceramics; however, they are similar in terms of surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Alves Nascimento
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Victor Augusto Alves Bento
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kevin Henrique Cruz
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Scaion Silva
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Full Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yamalı Y, Bankoğlu Güngör M, Karakoca Nemli S, Turhan Bal B. The effects of cement thickness and cement shade on the final color of lithium disilicate crowns. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:93-100. [PMID: 37153007 PMCID: PMC10154146 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of resin cement color, cement thickness, and thermocycling on the final color of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of ninety prepared central incisors of typodont teeth were restored with lithium disilicate crowns which have different cement thicknesses (40 µm, 80 µm, and 120 µm) and cement shades (clear, yellow, and white). Color parameters of restorations were measured with a spectrophotometer in three different steps 1) before cementing 2) after cementing and 3) after thermocycling with 10000 cycles. Color differences (ΔE00) were calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula and evaluated according to perceptibility (0.8) and acceptability (1.8) thresholds. The ΔE00 data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA before and after thermocycling (α = .05). RESULTS There was no interaction between the cement shade and the cement thickness factors. After cementation, the mean ΔE00 was under the perceptibility threshold in the group of 40 µm cement thickness and clear cement while it was between the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (0.8 < ΔE00 < 1.8) for all other groups. After thermocycling, the ΔE00 values were between the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for all experimental groups. Although there were no significant differences among the groups, thermocycling increased the color difference values. CONCLUSION The cementation of restorations with clear, yellow, and white resin cements resulted in color differences with uncemented restorations except for the group cemented with clear cement in 40 µm cement thickness. All study groups revealed perceptible color change after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merve Bankoğlu Güngör
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Seçil Karakoca Nemli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Bilge Turhan Bal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Al Wadei MH. Comparison of the Degree of Staining of Computer-Aided Design-Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD-CAM) Ceramic Veneers by Green Tea, Coffee, and Coca-Cola Using a Digital Spectrophotometer. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939341. [PMID: 36747464 PMCID: PMC9920997 DOI: 10.12659/msm.939341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of dental professionals currently recognize lithium disilicate E-max ceramic veneers as a the most widely used, conservative, and effective cosmetic materials in dentistry. This study aimed to compare the degree of surface changes - roughness (Ra), depth (Rz), and mean color changes (ΔE₀₀) - of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) ceramic veneers materials of varying thicknesses caused by staining by green tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola using digital spectrophotometer. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted at King Khalid University, College of Dentistry. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC) material was used to create 60 rectangular slices using the CAD/CAM system. The material thickness and the type of beverage were measured. The specimens were immersed in beverages according to the manufacturer's instructions. Specimen description and tomography were completed with a 3D noncontact surface metrology using interferometry. The "VITA Easy-Shade" spectrophotometer was used to measure ΔE₀₀. It was recorded after 2 weeks for different material thicknesses after immersing samples in green tea, coffee, and Coca-Cola staining materials.f RESULTS Significant changes in ceramic thickness were found in Ra and Rz of 0.07 and 1.00 mm after 14 days of staining. Coca-Cola showed a significant difference in Ra and Rz with 1.00 mm thickness measurement compared to the 0.07 mm group with ≤ of 0.05, which was considered statistically significant. Highest ΔE₀₀ were recorded among samples stained by Coca-Cola, followed by coffee, for both thicknesses. CONCLUSIONS Those findings support previous studies using spectrophotometric analysis of staining of CAD-CAM ceramic veneers that Coca-Cola followed by coffee resulted in the greatest color ΔE₀₀ change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H.D. Al Wadei
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Singh RG, Lyons KM, Waddell JN, Li KC. Effect of thermocycling on the mechanical properties, inorganic particle release and low temperature degradation of glazed high translucent monolithic 3Y-TZP dental restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105495. [PMID: 36208582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of thermocycling on the surface deterioration of glazed monolithic high translucent 3Y-TZP dental restorations is still unclear. The purpose of this study therefore was to evaluate low temperature degradation (LTD), elemental release and surface degradation pattern after five years of simulated clinical time. A total of 123 specimens were prepared from second-generation high translucent 3Y-TZP as per ISO 6872:2015 standards (3 mm × 4 mm × 30 mm). They were classified as per glazing and thermocycling protocol; group CPT, DGT and IGT. Glaze materials were applied on one surface of the specimen and subjected to a thermocycling in artificial saliva, four-point bending test, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Flexural strength, characteristic strength and Weibull modulus values were derived from four-point bending test. Descriptive fractographic analysis of surfaces was conducted to observe the surface degradation characteristics and point of failure. Control/no glaze with thermocycling (CPT = 621.5, 1σ = 117.0 MPa) presented higher flexural strength values compared to glaze I with thermocycling (442.4, 1σ = 45.4 MPa) and glaze II with thermocycling (534.3, 1σ = 46.3 MPa). Characteristic strength from Weibull analysis also observed higher values (669.2 MPa) for the control specimens. XRD analysis showed that monoclinic volume fraction (Vm = 11.0, 1σ = 0.7%) was highest in control specimens. Fractographic analysis suggested that there was no correlation between the point of failure initiation and mean flexural strength values. Glazing protected the high translucent 3Y-TZP surface against LTD during thermocycling but negatively impacted on the flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Gaurav Singh
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Karl Michael Lyons
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - John Neil Waddell
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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Al Ahmari NM, Alahmari MA, Al Moaleem MM, Alshahrani RSA, Alqahtani FF, Mohammed WS, Al-Makramani BMA, Mehta V, Meto A, Meto A. Physical, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Materials after Coffee Immersion and Evaluation of Cleaning Impact with Different Oral Hygiene Tools. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15047. [PMID: 36429767 PMCID: PMC9690395 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three oral hygiene tools, a regular toothbrush, an electronic toothbrush, and mouthwash, on the color stability of three different computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) ceramic blocks. Feldspathic ceramic (Vita Triluxe Forte), hybrid resin ceramic (Vita Enamic), and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) were used in this study. A CAD/CAM system and 81 (27 of each material) samples of ceramic blocks were used. All samples were immersed in black coffee for 15 days, and the coffee was changed twice per day. Using a spectrophotometer probe, samples on a grey background were scanned, and physical properties like surface hardness and depth were measured using interferometry and a 3D non-contact surface metrology. After 30 days of application of oral hygiene tools, instruments were used to measure various physical, mechanical, and optical properties. Vita Triluxe had the highest average color variation values (ΔE00) after 15 and 30 days of immersion in coffee in both regular and electronic toothbrushes. Moreover, IPS e.max CAD had the least ΔE00 values with no significant differences among the groups. The surface roughness (Ra) of the Vita Enamic ceramic increased when using a regular toothbrush, and the surface height (Rz) for the Vita Enamic ceramic increased when an electronic toothbrush was used. IPS e.max CAD had the greatest modules of elasticity forces, and Vita Triluxe Forte had the lowest when used with a regular toothbrush. The ΔE00 values of the tested materials were minimally increased or decreased after 30 days of cleaning, and all were clinically acceptable. Ra and Rz were the highest for Vita Enamic in comparison to the other groups. The highest percentage in IPS e.max CAD was associated with a type 1 fracture, whereas type 3 was predominantly observed with Vita Enamic, and type 2 in the Vita Triluxe group without significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al Ahmari
- Prosthetic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram A. Alahmari
- Saudi Board Prosthodontic Resident, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana’a 4337, Yemen
| | | | - Fatimah F. Alqahtani
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Saeed Mohammed
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar M. A. Al-Makramani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vini Mehta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, 1007 Tirana, Albania
- Clinical Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Agron Meto
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, 1007 Tirana, Albania
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11
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Alzahrani AH, Aldosari LIN, Alshadidi AAF, Al Moaleem MM, Dhamiri RA, Aldossary MB, Hazazi YY, Awaji FA, Ageeli AM. Influence of Surface Type with Coffee Immersion on Surface Topography and Optical and Mechanical Properties of Selected Ceramic Materials. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938354. [PMID: 36320129 PMCID: PMC9639350 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of surface type (glazed or polished) with coffee immersion and aging on surface topography (Ra), optical properties (TP, OP), and mechanical properties (fracture forces and modes) of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity), hybrid polymer-infiltrated-feldspathic ceramic network material (Vita Enamic), and leucite-containing feldspathic glass (Vitablocs® Mark II) made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-four specimens were assembled out of the above 3 CAD/CAMs ceramic materials. Each group was divided into glazed or polished surfaces, having 9 specimens of every type and stained in coffee for 15 days. Ra and color of specimens in the form of TP and OP were recorded before and after immersion in staining material. Fracture forces and modes were analyzed after the 90-day aging. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, then post hoc analysis and Bonferroni tests. RESULTS Our study found significant differences in Ra, TP, and Op before and after coffee immersion between glazed and polished specimens, with higher values in the polished surfaces among the 3 ceramic materials. The highest values of fracture resistance were noted in Vita Suprinity, and Vita Enamic had the lowest values, without significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS Most of the TP and OP values were in acceptable clinical range, and Vita Suprinity had superior TP than the other groups. Reparable fracture types were observed in Vita Suprinity, whereas semi-reparable and non-reparable were predominant in other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed M. Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana’a, Yemen
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12
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Schelkopf S, Dini C, Beline T, Wee AG, Barão VAR, Sukotjo C, Yuan JCC. The Effect of Smoking and Brushing on the Color Stability and Stainability of Different CAD/CAM Restorative Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15196901. [PMID: 36234241 PMCID: PMC9571481 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and compare the color stability and stainability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorative materials in their glazed (G) and polished (P) state when exposed to cigarette smoke, as well as after brushing. Three CAD/CAM restorative materials were investigated: lithium disilicate CAD (LD), zirconia (Zr), and Telio PMMA CAD (PMMA), according to their surface finishing and assignment to cigarette smoking exposure or soaking in the saliva (control) group. The color change (∆E) was calculated before and after the intervention performed for all specimens, using the L*a*b values to quantitatively assess the shade differences. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis (α = 0.05). The surface finishing did not influence the materials’ stainability. Color change was noted after smoking, LD and Zr-G and Zr-P had a comparable color change (p > 0.05), while PMMA presented lower ∆E values (p < 0.05). After brushing, all specimens had a significant color change that was high for LD-G and LD-P, and Zr-G, compared with Zr-P and PMMA (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the exposure to cigarette smoke showed that LD, Zr, and PMMA are all susceptible to staining, but brushing decreases surface staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Schelkopf
- Private Practice, University Associates in Dentistry, 222 N Lasalle St., Chicago, IL 60601, USA
| | - Caroline Dini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamara Beline
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvin G. Wee
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 9-470 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Valentim A. R. Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.C.-C.Y.)
| | - Judy Chia-Chun Yuan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.C.-C.Y.)
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13
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Effect of Over-The-Counter Tooth-Whitening Products on Enamel Surface Roughness and Microhardness. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of new over-the-counter tooth-whitening products on enamel surface roughness and microhardness. Methods: A total of 120 enamel specimens were prepared and randomly allocated into six groups. Group A was treated with 10% carbamide peroxide; Group B was immersed in distilled water; Group C was treated with hydrated silica, sodium hexametaphosphate toothpaste; Group D was treated with sodium bicarbonate; Group E was treated with 0.25% citric acid; and Group F was treated with hydrated silica, charcoal powder. Results: A, B, and D demonstrated decreased Ra, whereas Groups C, E, and F showed an increased Ra after whitening. The changes in Ra from T0 to T1 in each group was statistically significant (p < 0.001) except for Group B (p = 0.85). The groups showed decreased KHN after whitening, except for specimens in Group B (distilled water). The KHN from T0 to T1 decreased significantly for groups A, C, E, and F (p = 0.001). Significant difference was observed at T1 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it could be demonstrated that surface roughness and enamel microhardness changes were influenced by the type, composition, and exposure time of the whitening product.
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