1
|
Liu Y, Zhao J, Mu X, Deng J, Wu X, He W, Liu Y, Gu R, Han F, Nie X. Asiaticoside-nitric oxide promoting diabetic wound healing through the miRNA-21-5p/TGF-β1/SMAD7/TIMP3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117266. [PMID: 37783408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is an ethnobotanical herb. The main bioactive components of Centella asiatica are pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides, namely asiaticoside and hydroxyasiaticoside. Asiaticoside possess a diverse array of pharmacological properties, such as wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-fibrotic, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory activities. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this investigation is to explore potential therapeutic interventions for the delayed healing of wounds in diabetic patients (DW) facilitated by Asiaticoside-Nitric Oxide. To clarify the key molecular mechanism of miRNA-21-5p in DW wound repair and to deepen the understanding of DW disease pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, miRNA microarray technology, bioinformatics, and RT-qPCR were used to analyze DW patients' and normal controls' skin tissue samples. Secondly, in order to investigate the role of miRNA-21-5p, a hyperglycemic model was established using HaCaT cells. Overexpressing as well as interfering HaCaT cell lines were constructed by lentiviral infection to further explore the proliferative and migratory effects of Asiaticoside-Nitric Oxide. The next step was to search for potential target genes of miRNA-21-5p and verify them with dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the expression levels of target genes and proteins were detected through the utilization of RT-qPCR and Western blotting under the influence of Asiaticoside-Nitric Oxide. RESULTS A library of miRNAs and target genes expressed explicitly in DW patients and rats was established. The study confirmed the upregulation of miRNA-21-5p in DW patients and identified its involvement in signaling pathways related to chronic ulcer wound repair. Overexpression of LV-miRNA-21-5p significantly promoted cell proliferation, while treatments of Asiaticoside-Low dose (AC-L) and Asiaticoside-Medium dose (AC-M) enhanced proliferation and migration, particularly when combined with nitroprusside (SNP). Further analysis revealed potential target genes of miRNA-21-5p, such as TGF-β1, SMAD7, and TIMP3. Their interaction with miRNA-21-5p was confirmed through dual luciferase assays. The study found that anti-DW drugs increased the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD7 while inhibiting TIMP3 expression in a high-glucose environment. CONCLUSIONS The research concluded that miRNA-21-5p plays a crucial role in the delayed healing of diabetic wounds, and that the combination treatment of AC + SNP shows promise in promoting wound healing in DW rats. Target genes, including TGF-β1, SMAD7, and TIMP3, may contribute to the regulatory mechanisms involved in diabetic wound healing. These findings provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic approaches for DW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacalogy of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Jiufeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacalogy of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacalogy of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacalogy of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Wenjie He
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacalogy of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacalogy of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- School Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacalogy of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, 563006, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thakur A, Sharma B, Parashar A, Sharma V, Kumar A, Mehta V. 2D-QSAR, molecular docking and MD simulation based virtual screening of the herbal molecules against Alzheimer's disorder: an approach to predict CNS activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:148-162. [PMID: 36970779 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the key enzyme targets that have been used clinically for the management of Alzheimer's Disorder (AD). Numerous reports in the literature predict and demonstrate in-vitro, and in-silico anticholinergic activity of herbal molecules, however, majority of them failed to find clinical application. To address these issues, we developed a 2D-QSAR model that could efficiently predict the AChE inhibitory activity of herbal molecules along with predicting their potential to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) to exert their beneficial effects during AD. Virtual screening of the herbal molecules was performed and amentoflavone, asiaticoside, astaxanthin, bahouside, biapigenin, glycyrrhizin, hyperforin, hypericin, and tocopherol were predicted as the most promising herbal molecules for inhibiting AChE. Results were validated through molecular docking, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and Molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) studies against human AChE (PDB ID: 4EY7). To determine whether or not these molecules can cross BBB to inhibit AChE within the central nervous system (CNS) for being beneficial for the management of AD, we determined a CNS Multi-parameter Optimization (MPO) score, which was found in the range of 1 to 3.76. Overall, the best results were observed for amentoflavone and our results demonstrated a PIC50 value of 7.377 nM, molecular docking score of -11.5 kcal/mol, and CNS MPO score of 3.76. In conclusion, we successfully developed a reliable and efficient 2D-QSAR model and predicted amentoflavone to be the most promising molecule that could inhibit human AChE enzyme within the CNS and could prove beneficial for the management of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aman Thakur
- DCO, Govt. of Rajasthan, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Parashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Chen L, Li J, Sun Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Zhu Z, Li X. Asiaticoside Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Attenuating Inflammation and Enhancing Synaptic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11976. [PMID: 37569347 PMCID: PMC10418370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, hallmarked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Due to the uncertainty of the pathogenesis of AD, strategies aimed at suppressing neuroinflammation and fostering synaptic repair are eagerly sought. Asiaticoside (AS), a natural triterpenoid derivative derived from Centella asiatica, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties; however, its neuroprotective function in AD remains unclear. Our current study reveals that AS, when administered (40 mg/kg) in vivo, can mitigate cognitive dysfunction and attenuate neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of microglia and proinflammatory factors in Aβ1-42-induced AD mice. Further mechanistic investigation suggests that AS may ameliorate cognitive impairment by inhibiting the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway and promoting synaptic repair. Our findings propose that AS could be a promising candidate for AD treatment, offering neuroinflammation inhibition and enhancement of synaptic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Xinuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghadami SA, Ahadi-Amandi K, Khodarahmi R, Ghanbari S, Adibi H. Synthesis of benzylidene-indandione derivatives as quantification of amyloid fibrils. Biophys Chem 2023; 296:106982. [PMID: 36868163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of amyloid fibrils due to its association with fatal diseases, including Alzheimer's, has been investigated by many researchers. These common diseases, mostly become verified when it is too late to be treated. Currently, no cure is available for neurodegenerative diseases, and the process of diagnosing amyloid fibrils in the early stages, while there are fewer amyloid fibrils, has become an issue of interest. To do so, determining new probes with the highest binding affinity to the lowest number of amyloid fibrils is necessary. In this study, we proposed to employ new synthesized benzylidene-indandione derivatives as amyloid fibrils fluorescent detection probes. Native soluble proteins of insulin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), BSA amorphous aggregation, and insulin amyloid fibrils were used to evaluate our compounds' specificity to the amyloid structure. While ten synthesized compounds were examined individually, four of them including 3d, 3g, 3i, and 3j showed a high binding affinity with selectivity and specificity to amyloid fibrils, and their binding properties were also confirmed with in silico analysis. The drug-likeness prediction results for selected compounds by Swiss ADME server shows a satisfactory percentage of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and gastrointestinal (GI) absorption for the compounds 3g, 3i, and 3j. More evaluation is needed to determine all properties of compounds in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimia Ahadi-Amandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saba Ghanbari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bandopadhyay S, Mandal S, Ghorai M, Jha NK, Kumar M, Radha, Ghosh A, Proćków J, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Dey A. Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:593-608. [PMID: 36756687 PMCID: PMC9983323 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is an ethnomedicinal herbaceous species that grows abundantly in tropical and sub-tropical regions of China, India, South-Eastern Asia and Africa. It is a popular nutraceutical that is employed in various forms of clinical and cosmetic treatments. C. asiatica extracts are reported widely in Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions. The major bioactive constituents of C. asiatica are the pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides, asiaticoside and madecassoside, and their corresponding aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Asiaticoside and madecassoside have been identified as the marker compounds of C. asiatica in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and these triterpene compounds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, antifibrotic, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activities. Asiaticoside and madecassoside are also used extensively in treating skin abnormalities, burn injuries, ischaemia, ulcers, asthma, lupus, psoriasis and scleroderma. Besides medicinal applications, these phytocompounds are considered cosmetically beneficial for their role in anti-ageing, skin hydration, collagen synthesis, UV protection and curing scars. Existing reports and experimental studies on these compounds between 2005 and 2022 have been selectively reviewed in this article to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous therapeutic advantages of asiaticoside and madecassoside and their potential roles in the medical future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & TechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food TechnologyChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS)Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing DivisionICAR – Central Institute for Research on Cotton TechnologyMumbaiIndia
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolanIndia
| | | | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental BiologyWrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (CSIS)Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang Z, Chen Y, Gu R, Guo Q, Nie X. Asiaticoside Prevents Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells by Activating ROS-dependent p53/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:1116-1129. [PMID: 36284389 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221024120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asiaticoside (AC) is a triterpenoid saponin found in Centella asiatica (L.) urban extract that has a wide range of pharmacological properties. Our previous study demonstrated that AC could promote angiogenesis in diabetic wounds, but the specific mechanisms remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and mechanism of AC on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) toxicity. METHODS Senescence was confirmed using senescence-associated betagalactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and expression of the cell cycle phase markers p16 and p21. The levels of SOD, NO, MDA, GSH-Px, and ROS were tested. Furthermore, several cell death-related genes and proteins (p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3) were assessed with RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS AC significantly reduced SA-β-gal activity, with both the suppression of cellcycle inhibitors p16 and p21. We also found that the induced oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by t-BHP treatment resulted in the decrease of antioxidant enzymes activities, the surge of ROS and MDA, the up-regulation of p53, Bax and caspase-3, and the decrease of SOD, NO, GSH-Px and Bcl-2. These biochemical changes were all reversed by treatment with varying doses of AC. CONCLUSION AC alleviates t-BHP-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in HUVECs through the ROS-dependent p53/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 signaling pathway. It may be a potential antioxidant applied in metabolic disorders and pharmaceutical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Liang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dubey A, Dhas N, Naha A, Rani U, GS R, Shetty A, R Shetty C, Hebbar S. Cationic biopolymer decorated Asiatic Acid and Centella asiatica extract incorporated liposomes for treating early-stage Alzheimer's disease: An In-vitro and In-vivo investigation. F1000Res 2022; 11:1535. [PMID: 36761834 PMCID: PMC9887206 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128874.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid derivative of Centella asiatica (CA) with neuroprotective effect. The study aimed to design an ideal oral drug delivery system to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) and develop chitosan-embedded liposomes comprising an extract of CA (CLCAE) and compare them with the chitosan-coated liposomes of asiatic acid (CLAA) for oral delivery to treat the initial phases of AD. Methods: The solvent evaporation technique was used to develop CLCAE and CLAA, optimised with the experiment's design, and was further evaluated. Results: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies confirmed coating with chitosan. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated the successful formation of CLCAE and CLAA. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) confirmed the drug-phospholipid complex. Furthermore, the rate of in vitro release of CLCAE and CLAA was found to be 69.43±0.3 % and 85.3±0.3 %, respectively, in 24 h. Ex vivo permeation of CLCAE and CLAA was found to be 48±0.3 % and 78±0.3 %, respectively. In the Alcl3-induced AD model in rats, disease progression was confirmed by Y-maze, the preliminary histopathology evaluation showed significantly higher efficacy of the prepared liposomes (CLCAE and CLAA) compared to the Centella asiatica extract (CAE) and they were found to have equivalent efficacy to the standard drug (rivastigmine tartrate). The considerable increase in pharmacodynamic parameters in terms of neuronal count in the CLAA group indicated the protective role against Alcl3 toxicity and was also confirmed by assessing acetylcholine (Ach) levels. The pharmacokinetic study, such as C max, T max, and area under curve (AUC) parameters, proved an increase in AA bioavailability in the form of CLAA compared to the pure AA and CLCAE forms. Conclusion: The preclinical study suggested that CLAA was found to have better stability and an ideal oral drug delivery system to treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Dubey
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anup Naha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Usha Rani
- Department of Health Innovation, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ravi GS
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amitha Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaithra R Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharma Chemistry, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Hebbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Madecassoside and Other Major Constituents of Centella asiatica: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a popular herb well-known for its wide range of therapeutic effects and its use as a folk medicine for many years. Its therapeutic properties have been well correlated with the presence of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic and madecassic acids, the pentacyclic triterpenes. The herb has been extensively known to treat skin conditions; nevertheless, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have scientifically demonstrated its effectiveness in other disorders. Among the active constituents that have been identified in Centella asiatica, madecassoside has been the subject of only a relatively small number of scientific reports. Therefore, this review, while including other major constituents of this plant, focuses on the therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of madecassoside.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang C, Chen S, Zhang Z, Xu H, Zhang W, Xu D, Lin B, Mei Y. Asiaticoside Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via NOD2/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920325. [PMID: 32006420 PMCID: PMC7009775 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) remains a serious health problem. Centella asiatica formulations are used to treat central nervous system disorders. In the present study, asiaticoside, an extract of the plant Centella asiatica, was investigated in CIRI in vivo and vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS We made a CIRI model in vivo in SD rats treated by middle cerebral artery occlusion, and a cell model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was made in PC12 cells treated by deprivation of oxygen and glucose/restoration. CIRI in vivo was assessed by scores of neurological functions, encephaledema, and cerebral infarction area. Inflammation level and oxidative stress level were detected by the appropriate kits. TUNEL assay was performed for assessment of cell apoptosis and Western blot analysis was performed to assess protein expression levels. CCK8 assay was performed for evaluation of cell survival and flow cytometer was used to detect cell apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS Nervous function injury, brain edema, cell apoptosis, infarct size, apoptosis-related protein expressions, and protein expressions of the NOD2/MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in the CIRI model were all reversed by asiaticoside in rats. The cell apoptosis, inflammation level, and oxidative stress level in the model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were reduced by asiaticoside. The effects of asiaticoside on CIRI were reversed by NOD 2 agonists. CONCLUSIONS Asiaticoside showed a protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the NOD2/MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. These findings are vital for future research on use of asiaticoside in CIRI, providing a new avenue for alleviating CIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Nursing and Health College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Suyan Chen
- Department of Public Nursing, Nursing and Health College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Nursing and Health College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Nursing and Health College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing and Health College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Dongqing Xu
- Rehabilitation Department, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Beilei Lin
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Nursing and Health College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yongxia Mei
- Department of Public Nursing, Nursing and Health College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Simone A, Naldi M, Tedesco D, Bartolini M, Davani L, Andrisano V. Advanced analytical methodologies in Alzheimer’s disease drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Subaraja M, Kulandaisamy A, Shanmugam NRS, Vanisree AJ. Homology modeling identified for purported drug targets to the neuroprotective effects of levodopa and asiaticoside-D in degenerated cerebral ganglions of Lumbricus terrestris. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 51:31-39. [PMID: 31031465 PMCID: PMC6444839 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_600_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT: Homology modeling plays role in determining the therapeutic targets dreadful for condition such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), which pose challenge in achieving the effective managements. The structures of the serotonin transporter (SERT), aquaporin (AQP), and tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkA) which are implicated in NDD pathology are still unknown for Lumbricus terrestris, but the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the human counterpart for modeling. AIM: This study aims to generate and evaluate the 3D structure of TrkA, SERT, and AQP proteins and their interaction with the ligands, namely Asiaticoside-D (AD) and levodopa (L-DOPA) the anti-NDD agents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Homology modeling for SERT, AQP, and TrkA proteins of Lumbricus terrestris using SWISS-MODEL Server and the modeled structure was validated using Rampage Server. Wet-lab analysis of their correspondent m-RNA levels was also done to validate the in silico data. RESULTS: It was found that TrkA had moderately high homology (67%) to human while SERT and AQP could exhibit 58% and 42%, respectively. The reliability of the model was assessed by Ramachandran plot analysis. Interactions of AD with the SERT, AQP-4, and TrkA showed the binding energies as −9.93, 8.88, and −7.58 of Kcal/mol, respectively, while for L-DOPA did show −3.93, −5.13, and −6.0 Kcal/mol, respectively. The levels of SERT, TrkA, and AQP-4 were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) on ROT induced when compared to those of control worms. On ROT + AD supplementation group (III), m-RNA levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) when compared to those of ROT induced worms (group II). CONCLUSION: Our pioneering docking data propose the possible of target which is proved useful for therapeutic investigations against the unconquered better of NDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamangam Subaraja
- Department of Biochemistry, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Kulandaisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N R Siva Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stark T, Lieblein T, Pohland M, Kalden E, Freund P, Zangl R, Grewal R, Heilemann M, Eckert GP, Morgner N, Göbel MW. Peptidomimetics That Inhibit and Partially Reverse the Aggregation of Aβ1–42. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4840-4849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rekha Grewal
- Institute
of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse
20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hojati S, Ghahghaei A, Lagzian M. The potential inhibitory effect of β-casein on the aggregation and deposition of Aβ1-42 fibrils in Alzheimer’s disease: insight from in-vitro and in-silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1345326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sedighehsadat Hojati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Arezou Ghahghaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Lagzian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hamed SA. Brain injury with diabetes mellitus: evidence, mechanisms and treatment implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:409-428. [PMID: 28276776 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1293521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A. Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital , Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kuruva CS, Reddy PH. Amyloid beta modulators and neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: a critical appraisal. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:223-233. [PMID: 27794478 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cellular changes have been identified as being involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, including mitochondrial damage, synaptic loss, amyloid beta (Aβ) production and/or accumulation, inflammatory responses, and phosphorylated tau formation and/or accumulation. Studies have established that Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction is dependent on abnormal amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing caused by β- and γ-secretases, resulting in the generation of Aβ. The Aβ formed as a result of abnormal APP processing induces phosphorylated tau and activates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5). Here, we review the latest research on the development of Aβ modulators for neuroprotection in AD. We also review the use of molecular inhibitors as therapeutic targets in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Kuruva
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 6630 S. Quaker Ste. E, MS 7495, Lubbock, TX 79413, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Matsuzaki K, Mamun AA, Arai H, Shido O. Computational Analyses of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) with Alzheimer’s Disease-Causing Amyloid Peptide A<i>β</i><sub>1-42</sub> Reassures Its Therapeutic Utility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2016.52006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Saoji SD, Raut NA, Dhore PW, Borkar CD, Popielarczyk M, Dave VS. Preparation and Evaluation of Phospholipid-Based Complex of Standardized Centella Extract (SCE) for the Enhanced Delivery of Phytoconstituents. AAPS J 2016; 18:102-14. [PMID: 26563253 PMCID: PMC7583548 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a phospholipid-based complex of standardized Centella extract (SCE) was developed with a goal of improving the bioavailability of its phytoconstituents. The SCE-phospholipid complex was prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized for its physicochemical and functional properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photomicroscopy, and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used to confirm the formation of Centella naturosome (CN). The prepared complex was functionally evaluated by apparent solubility, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo efficacy studies. The prepared CN exhibited a significantly higher (12-fold) aqueous solubility (98.0 ± 1.4 μg/mL), compared to the pure SCE (8.12 ± 0.44 μg/mL), or the physical mixture of SCE and the phospholipid (13.6 ± 0.4 μg/mL). The in vitro dissolution studies revealed a significantly higher efficiency of CN in releasing the SCE (99.2 ± 4.7, % w/w) in comparison to the pure SCE (39.2 ± 2.3, % w/w), or the physical mixture (42.8 ± 2.09, % w/w). The ex vivo permeation studies with the everted intestine method showed that the prepared CN significantly improved the permeation of SCE (82.8 ± 3.7, % w/w), compared to the pure SCE (26.8 ± 2.4, % w/w), or the physical mixture (33.0 ± 2.7, % w/w). The in vivo efficacy studies using the Morris Water Maze test indicated a significant improvement of the spatial learning and memory in aged mice treated with CN. Thus, drug-phospholipid complexation appears to be a promising strategy to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of bioactive phytoconstituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suprit D Saoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Nishikant A Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Pradip W Dhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Chandrashekhar D Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Michael Popielarczyk
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, New York, 14534, USA
| | - Vivek S Dave
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, New York, 14534, USA.
| |
Collapse
|