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Rahman MM, Tumpa MAA, Rahaman MS, Islam F, Sutradhar PR, Ahmed M, Alghamdi BS, Hafeez A, Alexiou A, Perveen A, Ashraf GM. Emerging Promise of Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1081-1099. [PMID: 36927428 PMCID: PMC10286587 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230316150559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for homeostasis and metabolism in all cellular eukaryotes. Brain mitochondria are the primary source of fuel that supports many brain functions, including intracellular energy supply, cellular calcium regulation, regulation of limited cellular oxidative capacity, and control of cell death. Much evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ongoing studies of NDDs have revealed that mitochondrial pathology is mainly found in inherited or irregular NDDs and is thought to be associated with the pathophysiological cycle of these disorders. Typical mitochondrial disturbances in NDDs include increased free radical production, decreased ATP synthesis, alterations in mitochondrial permeability, and mitochondrial DNA damage. The main objective of this review is to highlight the basic mitochondrial problems that occur in NDDs and discuss the use mitochondrial drugs, especially mitochondrial antioxidants, mitochondrial permeability transition blockade, and mitochondrial gene therapy, for the treatment and control of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Afroza Alam Tumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Popy Rani Sutradhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med Austria, Wien, Austria
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Zhao Y, Tan DC, Peng B, Yang L, Zhang SY, Shi RP, Chong CM, Zhong ZF, Wang SP, Liang QL, Wang YT. Neuroendocrine-Immune Regulatory Network of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123697. [PMID: 35744822 PMCID: PMC9229650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) is a popular medicinal herb and health supplement in China, Japan, and Korea, and has a variety of pharmaceutical properties. The neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) network is crucial in maintaining homeostasis and physical or psychological functions at a holistic level, consistent with the regulatory theory of natural medicine. This review aims to systematically summarize the chemical compositions, biological roles, and pharmacological properties of E. ulmoides to build a bridge between it and NEI-associated diseases and to provide a perspective for the development of its new clinical applications. After a review of the literature, we found that E. ulmoides has effects on NEI-related diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, insomnia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. However, clinical studies on E. ulmoides were scarce. In addition, E. ulmoides derivatives are diverse in China, and they are mainly used to enhance immunity, improve hepatic damage, strengthen bones, and lower blood pressure. Through network pharmacological analysis, we uncovered the possibility that E. ulmoides is involved in functional interactions with cancer development, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and various inflammatory pathways associated with NEI diseases. Overall, this review suggests that E. ulmoides has a wide range of applications for NEI-related diseases and provides a direction for its future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - De-Chao Tan
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Bo Peng
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Lin Yang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Si-Yuan Zhang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Rui-Peng Shi
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Zhang-Feng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Sheng-Peng Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
| | - Qiong-Lin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-L.L.); (Y.-T.W.); Tel.: +86-010-6277-2263 (Q.-L.L.); +853-8822-4691 (Y.-T.W.); Fax: +86-010-6277-2263 (Q.-L.L.); +853-2884-1358 (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-C.T.); (B.P.); (L.Y.); (S.-Y.Z.); (R.-P.S.); (C.-M.C.); (Z.-F.Z.); (S.-P.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.-L.L.); (Y.-T.W.); Tel.: +86-010-6277-2263 (Q.-L.L.); +853-8822-4691 (Y.-T.W.); Fax: +86-010-6277-2263 (Q.-L.L.); +853-2884-1358 (Y.-T.W.)
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3
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Du K, He M, Zhao D, Wang Y, Ma C, Liang H, Wang W, Min D, Xue L, Guo F. Mechanism of cell death pathways in status epilepticus and related therapeutic agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112875. [PMID: 35367755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most severe form of epilepsy, status epilepticus (SE), causes brain damage and results in the development of recurring seizures. Currently, the management of SE remains a clinical challenge because patients do not respond adequately to conventional treatments. Evidence suggests that neural cell death worsens the occurrence and progression of SE. The main forms of cell death are apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Herein, these mechanisms of neuronal death in relation to SE and the alleviation of SE by potential modulators that target neuronal death have been reviewed. An understanding of these pathways and their possible roles in SE may assist in the development of SE therapies and in the discovery of new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dongyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyue Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dongyu Min
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Lei Xue
- China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu Z, Guo J, Li J, Zhao Y. Improvement effect of acupuncture on locomotor function in Parkinson disease via regulating gut microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory factor release. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-022-1297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Huang L, Lyu Q, Zheng W, Yang Q, Cao G. Traditional application and modern pharmacological research of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Chin Med 2021; 16:73. [PMID: 34362420 PMCID: PMC8349065 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. has been used for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times, involving lumbar pain, knee pain, osteoporosis, hepatoprotection, paralysis, intestinal haemorrhoids, vaginal bleeding, abortion, spermatorrhoea, foot fungus, anti-aging etc. With the developing discovery of E. ulmoides extracts and its active components in various pharmacological activities, E. ulmoides has gained more and more attention. Up to now, E. ulmoides has been revealed to show remarkable therapeutic effects on hypertension, hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, sexual dysfunction. E. ulmoides has also been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, anti-cancer and immunoregulation activities etc. Along these lines, this review summarizes the traditional application and modern pharmacological research of E. ulmoides, providing novel insights of E. ulmoides in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiang Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wanying Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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6
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Zhong Z, Chen W, Gao H, Che N, Xu M, Yang L, Zhang Y, Ye M. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Exerts a Protective Role in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease via the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Pathway Stimulated by α-Synuclein. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3050-3058. [PMID: 34347266 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is closely related to the Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Additionally, aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is central to PD pathogenesis. Here we identified the further mechanisms of gut microbiota in PD. A mouse model with PD was established via injection of MPTP. Normal or MPTP-induced PD like animals were treated with FMT from healthy normal mice. Pole test and traction test were performed to examine the effects of FMT on motor function of PD mice. Fecal SCFAs were assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The α-syn level in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) of mice was measured using western blot. Dopaminergic neurons and microglial activation in the SN were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. FMT alleviated physical impairment, decreased fecal SCFAs in a mouse model of PD. Additionally, FMT decreased the expression of α-syn, as well as inhibited the activation of microglia in the SN, and blocked the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling in the SN and striatum. FMT could protect mice against PD via suppressing α-syn expression and inactivating the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningning Che
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lanqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingfang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 71, Hexi Street, Jianye District, 210019, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang S, Yu Z, Xia J, Zhang X, Liu K, Sik A, Jin M. Anti-Parkinson's disease activity of phenolic acids from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf extracts and their autophagy activation mechanism. Food Funct 2020; 11:1425-1440. [PMID: 31971191 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, the preventative or therapeutic agents for the treatment of PD are limited. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EuO) is widely used as a traditional herb to treat various diseases. EuO bark extracts have been reported to possess anti-PD activity. Here, we investigated whether extracts of EuO leaves (EEuOL) also have therapeutic effects on PD since similar components and clinical applications have been found between barks and leaves of this tree. We identified the chemical composition of EEuOL by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and tested the anti-PD effect of EEuOL using the zebrafish PD model. As a result, 28 compounds including 3 phenolic acids, 7 flavonoids, and 9 iridoids were identified. EEuOL significantly reversed the loss of dopaminergic neurons and neural vasculature and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in zebrafish brain in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EEuOL relieved locomotor impairments in MPTP-modeled PD zebrafish. We also investigated the underlying mechanism and found that EEuOL may activate autophagy, contributing to α-synuclein degradation, therefore alleviating PD-like symptoms. Molecular docking simulation implied the interaction between autophagy regulators (Pink1, Beclin1, Ulk2, and Atg5) and phenolic acids of EEuOL, affirming the involvement of autophagy in EEuOL-exerted anti-PD action. The overall results indicated the anti-PD effect of EEuOL, opening the possibility to use the extract in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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Sangkanu S, Rukachaisirikul V, Suriyachadkun C, Phongpaichit S. Antifungal activity of marine-derived actinomycetes against Talaromyces marneffei. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1508-1522. [PMID: 33010096 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to isolate actinomycetes from marine environments and examine their antifungal activity against Talaromyces marneffei both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen out of 101 actinomycete extracts were active and further determined for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Three extracts of AMA50 that isolated from sediment showed strong antifungal activity against T. marneffei yeast (MICs ≤0·03-0·25 µg ml-1 ) and mould (MICs 0·5-16 µg ml-1 ) forms. The hexane extract from the cells of AMA50 (AMA50CH) exhibited the best activity against both the forms (MIC ≤ 1 µg ml-1 ). Three extracts from AMA50 killed the melanized yeast cells at 0·5 µg ml-1 . The AMA50CH was further tested for protective effects in Caenorhabditis elegans model. At concentrations of 1-8 µg ml-1 , the AMA50CH prolonged survival of T. marneffei-infected C. elegans with a 60-70% survival rate. The composition of AMA50CH was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components were n-hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid. Sequencing analysis revealed that isolate AMA50 belonged to the genus Streptomyces. CONCLUSIONS The AMA50CH from Streptomyces sp. AMA50 was the most effective extract against T. marneffei. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Talaromyces marneffei is one of the most important thermally dimorphic pathogenic fungi. These results indicated the potency of marine-derived actinomycete extracts against T. marneffei both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sangkanu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - V Rukachaisirikul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - C Suriyachadkun
- BIOTEC Culture Collection, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - S Phongpaichit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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9
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Huang W, Ding L, Zhang N, Li W, Koike K, Qiu F. Flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides and their in vitro hepatoprotective activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3584-3591. [PMID: 31992074 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1715402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the barks of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. resulted in the isolation of 18 flavonoids (1-18). The new compound, eucommiaflavone (1) was structurally elucidated by various spectroscopic analyses. In particular, Mo2(OAc)4-induced circular dichroism (ICD) analysis was applied to determine the absolute configuration of 1. Furthermore, five flavonoids (4, 9, 11, 13, and 15) revealed significant in vitro hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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10
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Shi X, Zhou N, Cheng J, Shi X, Huang H, Zhou M, Zhu H. Chlorogenic acid protects PC12 cells against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity related to inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:56. [PMID: 31500666 PMCID: PMC6734305 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are evidences that chlorogenic acid (CGA) has antidepressant effects, however the underlying molecular mechanism has not been well understood. The aim of the study was to explore the neuroprotective effect of CGA on corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC 12 cells and its mechanism, especially the autophagy pathway. METHODS PC12 cells were incubated with CORT (0, 100, 200, 400 or 800 μM) for 24 h, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. PC12 cells were cultured with 400 μM of CORT in the absence or presence of CGA (25 μg/ml) for 24 h, morphologies and specific marker of autophagosome were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. In addition, PC12 cells were treated with different doses of CGA (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 μg/ml) with or without CORT (400 μM) for 24 h, cell viability and changes in the morphology were observed, and further analysis of apoptotic and autophagic proteins, and expression of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were carried out by Western blot. Specific inhibitors of autophagy 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) were added to the PC12 cells cultures to explore the potential role of autophagy in CORT-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. RESULTS Besides decreasing PC12 cell activity, CORT could also induce autophagy and apoptosis of PC12 cells, while CGA could reverse these effects. In addition, CGA treatment regulated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in PC12 cells. CGA, similar to 3-MA and QC, significantly inhibited CORT-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a new molecular mechanism for the treatment of CORT-induced neurotoxicity by CGA, and suggest CGA may be a potential substance which is can alleviate depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shi
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jieyi Cheng
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li L, Liu M, Shi K, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Fan R, Shi Q. Dynamic Changes in Metabolite Accumulation and the Transcriptome during Leaf Growth and Development in Eucommia ulmoides. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4030. [PMID: 31426587 PMCID: PMC6721751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is widely distributed in China. This species has been used mainly in medicine due to the high concentration of chlorogenic acid (CGA), flavonoids, lignans, and other compounds in the leaves and barks. However, the categories of metabolites, dynamic changes in metabolite accumulation and overall molecular mechanisms involved in metabolite biosynthesis during E. ulmoides leaf growth and development remain unknown. Here, a total of 515 analytes, including 127 flavonoids, 46 organic acids, 44 amino acid derivatives, 9 phenolamides, and 16 vitamins, were identified from four E. ulmoides samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) (for widely targeted metabolites). The accumulation of most flavonoids peaked in growing leaves, followed by old leaves. UPLC-MS analysis indicated that CGA accumulation increased steadily to a high concentration during leaf growth and development, and rutin showed a high accumulation level in leaf buds and growing leaves. Based on single-molecule long-read sequencing technology, 69,020 transcripts and 2880 novel loci were identified in E. ulmoides. Expression analysis indicated that isoforms in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and flavonoid metabolic pathway were highly expressed in growing leaves and old leaves. Co-expression network analysis suggested a potential direct link between the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways via the regulation of transcription factors, including MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) and bHLH (basic/helix-loop-helix). Our study predicts dynamic metabolic models during leaf growth and development and will support further molecular biological studies of metabolite biosynthesis in E. ulmoides. In addition, our results significantly improve the annotation of the E. ulmoides genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Forestry, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minhao Liu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Forestry, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kan Shi
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Enology, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijing Yu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Forestry, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Forestry, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruishen Fan
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Forestry, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Taicheng Road No. 3, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Chemical constituents, biological functions and pharmacological effects for comprehensive utilization of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang CY, Tang L, He JW, Li J, Wang YZ. Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Eucommia ulmoides: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:259-300. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, a single species of Eucommia genus belonging to the Eucommiaceae family, is an endemic in China and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for nearly two thousand years. Records from different historical periods highlight E. ulmoides and its officinal botanical parts, usefulness in adaptation to disease and its central role in Chinese medicine theory. There are also historical collection documents for minorities in China. Tearing the leaves, bark and fruit produces strands of latex; a description of E. ulmoides’s morphological features is recorded in this paper. This review summarizes 204 natural compounds isolated from this plant, which are divided into seven categories: lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenes and others. These components possess wide-ranging pharmacological efficacies, such as antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemia, anti-oxidative, anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. This review aims to provide a reference for extensive researches of E. ulmoides crude drugs, especially for quality control, biosynthesis and structure modification of active ingredients and pharmacological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
| | - Li Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of A & F Science and Technology, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wu He
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, College of Hunan Province, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P. R. China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, P. R. China
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Neuroprotective effects of Astilbin on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice: Glial reaction, α-synuclein expression and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:19-27. [PMID: 30419450 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Astilbin (AST), a dihydro-flavonol glycoside, is a major bioactive ingredient in Astilbe thunbergii, Engelhardia roxburghiana, Smilax corbularia and Erythroxylum gonocladum, and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and neuroprotective effects, suggesting potential therapeutic value in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). We explored the neuroprotective effects of AST in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Mice were administered with MPTP (30 mg/kg, i.p) daily for 5 days, to establish a subacute Parkinson's disease model, followed by daily treatment with AST or saline for 7 days. Pole and traction tests showed that AST ameliorated the impaired motor functions in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that AST treatment prevented MPTP-induced decreases in striatal dopamine levels. Immunofluorescence assays showed that AST reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra. Western blot analyses revealed that AST suppressed α-synuclein overexpression and activated PI3K/Akt in the striatum following MPTP treatment. AST also prevented the MPTP-induced reduction in total superoxide dismutase and glutathione activity in the striatum. AST exerts neuroprotective effects on MPTP-induced PD mice by suppressing gliosis, α-synuclein overexpression and oxidative stress, suggesting that AST could serve as a therapeutic drug to ameliorate PD.
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Sun MF, Zhu YL, Zhou ZL, Jia XB, Xu YD, Yang Q, Cui C, Shen YQ. Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:48-60. [PMID: 29471030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display alterations in gut microbiota composition. However, mechanism between gut microbial dysbiosis and pathogenesis of PD remains unexplored, and no recognized therapies are available to halt or slow progression of PD. Here we identified that gut microbiota from PD mice induced motor impairment and striatal neurotransmitter decrease on normal mice. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that phylum Firmicutes and order Clostridiales decreased, while phylum Proteobacteria, order Turicibacterales and Enterobacteriales increased in fecal samples of PD mice, along with increased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Remarkably, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) reduced gut microbial dysbiosis, decreased fecal SCFAs, alleviated physical impairment, and increased striatal DA and 5-HT content of PD mice. Further, FMT reduced the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra, and reduced expression of TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway components in gut and brain. Our study demonstrates that gut microbial dysbiosis is involved in PD pathogenesis, and FMT can protect PD mice by suppressing neuroinflammation and reducing TLR4/TNF-α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei Sun
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ying-Li Zhu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zhou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xue-Bing Jia
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi-Da Xu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Hu M, Li F, Wang W. Vitexin protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:565-573. [PMID: 29588573 PMCID: PMC5859909 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s156920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). METHODS In this study, the neuroprotective effect of vitexin (Vit), a flavonoid compound isolated from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge was examined in PD models both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS On SH-SY5Y cells, methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) treatment suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity. However, Vit improved these parameters induced by MPP+ treatment significantly. Further study disclosed that Vit enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt which was downregulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of which could be blocked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and activated by PI3K activator IGF-1. Moreover, results from the pole test and traction test suggested that Vit pretreatment prevented bradykinesia and alleviated the initial lesions caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in MPTP-treated mouse PD model. Vit also enhanced the activation of PI3K and Akt and suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 activity in MPTP-treated mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study demonstrated that Vit protected dopaminergic neurons against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings may facilitate the clinical application of Vit in the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangming Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Ganesan P, Ramalingam P, Karthivashan G, Ko YT, Choi DK. Recent developments in solid lipid nanoparticle and surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticle delivery systems for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds in various chronic diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1569-1583. [PMID: 29588585 PMCID: PMC5858819 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s155593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) delivery systems have a wide applicability in the delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds to treat various chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. The multiple benefits of SLN delivery include improved stability, smaller particle size, leaching prevention and enhanced lymphatic uptake of the bioactive compounds through oral delivery. However, the burst release makes the SLN delivery systems inadequate for the oral delivery of various phyto-bioactive compounds that can treat such chronic diseases. Recently, the surface-modified SLN (SMSLN) was observed to overcome this limitation for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds, and there is growing evidence of an enhanced uptake of curcumin delivered orally via SMSLNs in the brain. This review focuses on different SLN and SMSLN systems that are useful for oral delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds to treat various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Herrera A, Muñoz P, Steinbusch HWM, Segura-Aguilar J. Are Dopamine Oxidation Metabolites Involved in the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Nigrostriatal System in Parkinson's Disease? ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:702-711. [PMID: 28233992 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1967, L-dopa was introduced as part of the pharmacological therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) and, in spite of extensive research, no additional effective drugs have been discovered to treat PD. This brings forward the question: why have no new drugs been developed? We consider that one of the problems preventing the discovery of new drugs is that we still have no information on the pathophysiology of the neurodegeneration of the neuromelanin-containing nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Currently, it is widely accepted that the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, i.e., in the substantia nigra pars compacta, involves mitochondrial dysfunction, the formation of neurotoxic oligomers of alpha-synuclein, the dysfunction of protein degradation systems, neuroinflammation, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the initial trigger of these mechanisms in the nigrostriatal system is still unknown. It has been reported that aminochrome induces the majority of these mechanisms involved in the neurodegeneration process. Aminochrome is formed within the cytoplasm of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons during the oxidation of dopamine to neuromelanin. The oxidation of dopamine to neuromelanin is a normal and harmless process, because healthy individuals have intact neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons. Interestingly, aminochrome-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by two enzymes: DT-diaphorase and glutathione transferase M2-2, which explains why melanin-containing dopaminergic neurons are intact in healthy human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrera
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of
Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Harry W. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of
Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wang J, Li Y, Huang WH, Zeng XC, Li XH, Li J, Zhou J, Xiao J, Xiao B, Ouyang DS, Hu K. The Protective Effect of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Against Status Epilepticus by Inducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Necroptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:557-573. [PMID: 28387136 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a famous traditional Chinese medicine which exhibits anti-oxidative stress ability and neuro-protective effects. Aucubin is the predominant component of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Our present study is intended to investigate aucubin's potential protective effects on neurons against epilepsy in the hippocampus by establishing the lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model in vivo. Aucubin (at a low dose and a high dose of 5[Formula: see text]mg/kg and 10[Formula: see text]mg/kg, respectively) was administered through gavage for two weeks before lithium-pilocarpine injection. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 24 and 72[Formula: see text]h after SE induction. Pretreatment with both low-dose and high-dose aucubin significantly reduced the number of death neurons ([Formula: see text]) and increased the number of surviving neurons ([Formula: see text]) in DG, Hilus, CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions post SE. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited necroptosis proteins (MLKL and RIP-1) ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]) and enhanced autophagy protein (Beclin-1 and LC3BII/LC3BI) prevalence in the hippocampus ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]). In conclusion, aucubin appeared to ameliorate damages in lithium-pilocarpine induced SE in hippocampus, reduce the number of apoptotic neurons, and increased the number of survival neurons by inducing autophagy and inhibiting necroptosis. These original findings might provide an important basis for the further investigation of the therapeutic role of aucubin in treatment or prevention of epilepsy-related neuronal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- ** Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- †† Department of Healthy Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Chang Zeng
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- ** Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- ‡ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- § Medical Science Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- ¶ Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- * Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ouyang
- † Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,∥ Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Kai Hu
- * Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
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Cao Q, Qin L, Huang F, Wang X, Yang L, Shi H, Wu H, Zhang B, Chen Z, Wu X. Amentoflavone protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice through PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 319:80-90. [PMID: 28185818 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis are suggested to be actively involved in the pathogenesis of PD. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of amentoflavone (AF), a naturally occurring biflavonoid from Selaginella tamariscina, was examined in PD models both in vitro and in vivo. On SH-SY5Y cells, AF treatment dose-dependently reduced 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced nuclear condensation and loss of cell viability without obvious cytotoxicity. It inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and p21 but increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Further study disclosed that AF enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and ERK1/2 down-regulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of which could be blocked by LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K. Consistently, AF alleviated the behavioral deterioration in pole and traction tests and rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc and fibers in striatum in methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mice. It also could enhance the activation of PI3K and Akt as well as Bcl-2/Bax ratio in SN. Moreover, AF alleviated gliosis as well as the gene expression levels of IL-1β and iNOS in SN. Collectively, these results suggested that AF protected dopaminergic neurons against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, which might be mediated through activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways in dopaminergic neurons and attenuation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cao
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyue Qin
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
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Lin CY, Tsai CW, Tsai CW. Carnosic acid protects SH-SY5Y cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death through upregulation of parkin pathway. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:109-117. [PMID: 27091487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkin is a Parkinson's disease (PD)-linked gene that plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This study explored whether carnosic acid (CA) from rosemary protects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity via upregulation of parkin in vivo and in vitro. We found that the reduction in proteasomal activity by 6-OHDA was attenuated in SH-SY5Y cells pretreated with 1 μM CA. Immunoblots showed that CA reversed the induction of ubiquitinated protein and the reduction of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin protein in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells and rats. Moreover, in a transgenic OW13 Caenorhabditis elegans model of PD that expresses human α-synuclein in muscle cells, CA reduced α-synuclein accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In cells pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, CA no longer reversed the 6-OHDA-mediated induction of cleavage of caspase 3 and poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase and no longer reversed the suppression of proteasome activity. When parkin expression was silenced by use of small interfering RNA, the ability of CA to inhibit apoptosis and induce proteasomal activity was significantly reduced. The reduction in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by CA was associated with the induction of parkin, which in turn upregulated the UPS and then decreased cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Wu J, Chen H, Li H, Tang Y, Yang L, Cao S, Qin D. Antidepressant Potential of Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched Extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Bark with Neuron Protection and Promotion of Serotonin Release through Enhancing Synapsin I Expression. Molecules 2016; 21:260. [PMID: 26927040 PMCID: PMC6274286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) is a traditional Chinese medicine with many beneficial effects, used as a tonic medicine in China and other countries. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an important compound in E. ulmoides with neuroprotective, cognition improvement and other pharmacological effects. However, it is unknown whether chlorogenic acid-enriched Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark has antidepressant potential through neuron protection, serotonin release promotion and penetration of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In the present study, we demonstrated that CGA could stimulate axon and dendrite growth and promote serotonin release through enhancing synapsin I expression in the cells of fetal rat raphe neurons in vitro. More importantly, CGA-enriched extract of E. ulmoides (EUWE) at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day orally administered for 7 days showed antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test of KM mice. Furthermore, we also found CGA could be detected in the the cerebrospinal fluid of the rats orally treated with EUWE and reach the level of pharmacological effect for neuroprotection by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The findings indicate CGA is able to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to exhibit its neuron protection and promotion of serotonin release through enhancing synapsin I expression. This is the first report of the effect of CGA on promoting 5-HT release through enhancing synapsin I expression and CGA-enriched EUWE has antidepressant-like effect in vivo. EUWE may be developed as the natural drugs for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 86646-000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Haixia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 86646-000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 86646-000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 86646-000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Chengdu Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co. Ltd., Chengdu 86610-063, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 86646-000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dalian Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou 86646-000, Sichuan, China.
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