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Hu G, Zhou Y, Mou D, Qu J, Luo L, Duan L, Xu Z, Zou X. Filtration effect of Cordyceps chanhua mycoderm on bacteria and its transport function on nitrogen. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0117923. [PMID: 38099615 PMCID: PMC10783027 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01179-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE During the natural growth of Cordyceps chanhua, it will form a mycoderm structure specialized from hyphae. We found that the bacterial membrane of C. chanhua not only filters environmental bacteria but also absorbs and transports nitrogen elements inside and outside the body of C. chanhua. These findings are of great significance for understanding the stable mechanism of the internal microbial community maintained by C. chanhua and how C. chanhua maintains its own nutritional balance. In addition, this study also enriched our understanding of the differences in bacterial community composition and related bacterial community functions of C. chanhua at different growth stages, which is of great value for understanding the environmental adaptation mechanism, the element distribution network, and the changing process of symbiotic microbial system after Cordyceps fungi infected the host. At the same time, it can also provide a theoretical basis for some important ecological imitation cultivation technology of Cordyceps fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Hu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yeming Zhou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Mou
- Department of Humanities, Business College of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Qiannan, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Qu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Tea College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhongshun Xu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Shao L, Jiang S, Li Y, Yu L, Liu H, Ma L, Yang S. Aqueous extract of Cordyceps cicadae (Miq.) promotes hyaluronan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts: A potential moisturizing and anti-aging ingredient. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274479. [PMID: 37418356 PMCID: PMC10328226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (Miq.) is an edible fungus with unique and valuable medicinal properties that is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, but its anti-aging effects on the skin fibroblast are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to analyze the active components of aqueous C. cicadae extract (CCE), determine the effects of CCE on hyaluronan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts, and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results of this study indicate that CCE was rich in polysaccharides, five alditols (mainly mannitol), eight nucleosides, protein, and polyphenols, which were present at concentrations of 62.7, 110, 8.26, 35.7, and 3.8 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of extract required to inhibit 50% of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacities were 0.36 ± 0.03 and 4.54 ± 0.10 mg/mL, respectively, indicating that CCE exhibits excellent antioxidant activities. CCE showed no cytotoxicity to skin fibroblasts at concentrations ≤ 100 μg/mL, and promoted HA synthesis in fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblast cells with 100 μg/mL CCE enhances the HA content to 1293 ± 142 ng/mL, which is significantly more than that in the non-treatment (NT) group (p = 0.0067). Further, RNA sequencing detected 1,192 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CCE-treated fibroblasts, among which 417 were upregulated and 775 were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomes pathway (GO) analysis based on RNA sequencing revealed that CCE mainly affected cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction regulated by HA synthesis-related genes. CCE upregulated HA synthase 2 (HAS2), epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related genes, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 2, and other genes related to fibroblast differentiation and proliferation. CCE downregulated the gene of matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12), which leads to cell matrix loss. RT-qPCR further verified CCE significantly upregulated HAS2 expression and significantly downregulated MMP12 expression, thus promoting hyaluronan synthesis. CCE shows potential as a moisturizer and anti-aging agent in functional foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujing Jiang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- R&D Innovation Center, Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Laiji Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- R&D Innovation Center, Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
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Ding K, Wang Y, Han C. Polysaccharide Elicitors Affect the Yield, Polysaccharide Synthase and Antibacterial Activity of Intracellular Polysaccharides from Submerged Culture of Cordyceps milifaris (Ascomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:35-48. [PMID: 36749055 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022046732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the yield of Cordyceps militaris intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) by adding elicitors. By comparing the effects of different elicitors on the IPS yield, three polysaccharide elicitors with significant promoting effect were screened out: Tween 80, pH, and vitamin B6 (VB6). We combined these elicitors and optimized the composition of the complex elicitor using response surface methodology to further improve the yield of IPS. The highest percentage of increased yield was 82.52 ± 0.48% obtained at a Tween concentration of 0.41% (w/v), pH of 4.98, and VB6 concentration of 0.17 mg/mL. Simultaneously, the mechanism of promoting high yield of IPS was preliminarily discussed. The complex elicitor may promote the synthesis of IPS by influencing the activity of polysaccharide synthase. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated. The addition of the complex elicitor increased the antibacterial activity of IPS. Therefore, our findings will lead the way for large scale industrial fermentations and commercial uses of IPS from C. militaris as antibacterial constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, People's Republic of China
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Du J, Yang M, Zhang Z, Cao B, Wang Z, Han J. The modulation of gut microbiota by herbal medicine to alleviate diabetic kidney disease - A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032208. [PMID: 36452235 PMCID: PMC9702521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been the key concern of the medical community. Herbal medicine has been reported to alleviate intestinal dysbiosis, promote the excretion of toxic metabolites, and reduce the secretion of uremic toxins. However, the current understanding of the modulation of the gut microbiota by herbal medicine to delay the progression of DKD is still insufficient. Consequently, we reviewed the knowledge based on peer-reviewed English-language journals regarding regulating gut microbiota by herbal medicines in DKD. It was found that herbal medicine or their natural extracts may have the following effects: modulating the composition of intestinal flora, particularly Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroidetes, as well as adjusting the F/B ratio; increasing the production of SCFAs and restoring the intestinal barrier; reducing the concentration of uremic toxins (p-cresol sulfate, indole sulfate, TMAO); inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Du
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Baorui Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Qamar SA, Riasat A, Jahangeer M, Fatima R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Mu BZ. Prospects of microbial polysaccharides-based hybrid constructs for biomimicking applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1319-1336. [PMID: 35048396 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross-linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad-scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Areej Riasat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Liang J, Huang X, Ma G. Antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of extract and components of herbs in East Asia. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29197-29213. [PMID: 36320733 PMCID: PMC9554739 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial drugs face increasing challenges due to drug resistance and adverse reactions, which has created a pressing need for the discovery and development of novel antibacterial drugs. Herbs have played an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases. This review aims to summarize, analyze and evaluate the antibacterial activities and mechanisms of components from popular herbs in East Asia. In this review, we have searched and summarized the scientific papers published during the past twenty-year period from electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. These herbs and their components, including alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, terpenes, organic acids, coumarins and lignans, display potential antimicrobial effects. Herbal medicine formulas (HMFs) usually show stronger antibacterial activity than single herbs. Herbs and HMFs bring forth antibacterial activities by damaging cell membranes and walls, inhibiting nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and increasing intracellular osmotic pressure. These herbs and their components can be developed as potential and promising novel antibacterial herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University826 Zhangheng RoadShanghai 201203China+86-21-5198-0025
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University826 Zhangheng RoadShanghai 201203China+86-21-5198-0025
| | - Guo Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University826 Zhangheng RoadShanghai 201203China+86-21-5198-0025
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Xue H, Li P, Bian J, Gao Y, Sang Y, Tan J. Extraction, purification, structure, modification, and biological activity of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides: A review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1005181. [PMID: 36159471 PMCID: PMC9505017 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1005181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), as the unique natural resource, are rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, amino acid, fats, vitamins, and other components. Hence, TCM have high medical and nutritional values. Polysaccharides are one of the most important active components in TCM. Growing reports have indicated that TCM polysaccharides (TCMPs) have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. Hence, the research progresses and future prospects of TCMPs must be systematically reviewed to promote their better understanding. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive and systematic recombinant information on the extraction, purification, structure, chemical modification, biological activities, and potential mechanism of TCMPs to support their therapeutic effects and health functions. The findings provide new valuable insights and theoretical basis for future research and development of TCMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayue Bian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yumei Sang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Enhanced production of cordycepic acid from Cordyceps cicadae isolated from a wild environment. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:673-688. [PMID: 35122655 PMCID: PMC9151976 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps acid is an active component of Cordyceps cicadae and has a variety of medicinal uses, including anti-tumor effects, the prevention of cerebral hemorrhaging and myocardial infarction, and the inhibition of a wide range of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to identify C. cicadae fungi and optimize the culture conditions to obtain a high yield of cordycepic acid. First, a wild C. cicadae was identified by morphological observation and rDNA sequence analysis. Secondly, the optimal fermentation conditions were determined using a single-factor method, a Plackett-Burman design, and a Box-Behnken response surface. Finally, using the yield of fruit bodies and the content of cordyceps acid as indices, combined with a single-factor experiment and a response surface design, the best combination of conditions for cultivation was determined. The results showed that the best combination was as follows: sucrose 2%, tryptone 2%, KH2PO4 0.4%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.4%, an initial pH of the fermentation liquid of 7.0, 5% inoculum, fermentation for 4.5 d, a ratio of medium to liquid of 1:1.7, illumination intensity 150 Lux, illumination time 15 h per day, and 70% humidity. The content of cordycepic acid in the fruiting bodies developed in cultivation was 2.07-fold higher than that in the wild C. cicadae. This study provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale cultivation of C. cicadae with a high concentration of cordycepic acid.
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Oleńska E, Małek W, Kotowska U, Wydrych J, Polińska W, Swiecicka I, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J. Exopolysaccharide Carbohydrate Structure and Biofilm Formation by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii Strains Inhabiting Nodules of Trifoliumrepens Growing on an Old Zn-Pb-Cd-Polluted Waste Heap Area. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062808. [PMID: 33802057 PMCID: PMC7998805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals polluting the 100-year-old waste heap in Bolesław (Poland) are acting as a natural selection factor and may contribute to adaptations of organisms living in this area, including Trifolium repens and its root nodule microsymbionts—rhizobia. Exopolysaccharides (EPS), exuded extracellularly and associated with bacterial cell walls, possess variable structures depending on environmental conditions; they can bind metals and are involved in biofilm formation. In order to examine the effects of long-term exposure to metal pollution on EPS structure and biofilm formation of rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains originating from the waste heap area and a non-polluted reference site were investigated for the characteristics of the sugar fraction of their EPS using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry and also for biofilm formation and structural characteristics using confocal laser scanning microscopy under control conditions as well as when exposed to toxic concentrations of zinc, lead, and cadmium. Significant differences in EPS structure, biofilm thickness, and ratio of living/dead bacteria in the biofilm were found between strains originating from the waste heap and from the reference site, both without exposure to metals and under metal exposure. Received results indicate that studied rhizobia can be assumed as potentially useful in remediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleńska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, 1J Ciołkowski, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-8-5738-8366
| | - Wanda Małek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Urszula Kotowska
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Analytic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, 1K Ciołkowski, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wydrych
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Weronika Polińska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Białystok, 1K Ciołkowski, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, 1J Ciołkowski, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, 1J Ciołkowski, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.T.); (J.V.)
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.T.); (J.V.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Nguyen QV, Vu TT, Tran MT, Ho Thi PT, Thu H, Le Thi TH, Chuyen HV, Dinh MH. Antioxidant Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of Exopolysaccharides From Cultivated Ophiocordyceps Sinensis Against CCl4-Induced Liver Damages. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21997670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps is a well-known and valuable fungal Chinese medicine and health food. The polysaccharides from C. sinensis have been reported as the main bioactive components, which possess antioxidant, anti-aging, and liver protective activities. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antioxidative and protective effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from cultivated Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis) on rats with liver damage induced by CCl4. The results indicated that cultivated O. sinensis EPS possess moderate ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities with IC50 values of 2.00 and 3.78 mg/mL, respectively. EPS and the positive control (silymarin) could also protect rat liver from the oxidative effect induced by CCl4 via increasing GSH levels, reducing MAD levels and decreasing serum AST and ALT activities. Moreover, the changes in histopathological liver tissue showed that EPS significantly reduced the damage induced by CCl4 in the liver. The findings suggest that EPS possesses a significant hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Vinh Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Daklak Province, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Tuoi Vu
- University of Science, Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Trang Tran
- University of Science, Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Tham Ho Thi
- University of Science, Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thu
- Department of Biotecnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Hang Le Thi
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Chuyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Hiep Dinh
- Ho Chi Minh City Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, HCMC, Vietnam
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Liu K, Li XY, Luo JP, Zha XQ. Bioactivities. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0320-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Horng CT, Yang YL, Chen CC, Huang YS, Chen C, Chen FA. Intraocular pressure-lowering effect of Cordyceps cicadae mycelia extract in a glaucoma rat model. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1007-1014. [PMID: 33456358 PMCID: PMC7807192 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This study evaluates the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by C. cicadae mycelia extract in a steroid-induced rat model of glaucoma. Cordyceps cicadae mycelia is a well-known and valued traditional Chinese herbal medicine. C. cicadae mycelia were cultured using a liquid fermentation technique. The harvested C. cicadae mycelia were then lyophilized and extracted with two solvents, water and ethanol. The aqueous extract (CCM-DW) and ethanolic extract (CCM-EtOH) of the mycelia were obtained through lyophilization. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group): a normal group, a control group, and experimental groups treated with CCM-DW, or CCM-EtOH (both at 50 mg/kg/body weight). Except for those in the normal group, all rats received a subconjunctival injection of betamethasone to induce high IOP. The rats in the experimental groups received a daily administration of CCM by oral gavage for four consecutive weeks. IOP reduction is the known treatment for glaucoma. The results revealed that steroid treatment caused a significant increase in the animals' IOP (control group). Elevated IOP decreased significantly after treatment with CCM-DW and CCM-EtOH (p < 0.01), and CCM-DW was more effective than CCM-EtOH. CCM-DW and CCM-EtOH were capable of causing significant decreases in high IOP-induced lesions in pathological studies in which it was shown that the efficacy of CCM-DW surpassed that of CCM-EtOH. After CCM-DW administration for 28 days, there were significant decreases in malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase levels and significant increases in catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. In summary, C. cicadae mycelia may be beneficial for preventing or treating glaucoma due to its significant IOP-lowering and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Horng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Bio Ltd, Zhong-Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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López-Legarda X, Arboleda-Echavarría C, Parra-Saldívar R, Rostro-Alanis M, Alzate JF, Villa-Pulgarín JA, Segura-Sánchez F. Biotechnological production, characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of polysaccharides from a native strain of Lentinus crinitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3133-3144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Cordyceps is a parasitic edible fungus with a variety of metabolically active ingredients. The main active ingredient, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), shows favourable application prospects in prevention and treatment of certain diseases. EPS extracted from different parts of various Cordyceps species can be used in health foods or medicinal preparations because of the structural diversity and multiple bioactivities. In terms of the complexity of composition and structure, researchers have speculated on the anabolic pathways of EPSs and the genes involved in the synthesis process. Studies to increase the yield of polysaccharides are limited because the synthesis pathways and anabolic regulation mechanisms of Cordyceps exopolysaccharide remain unknown. This review summarises the current researches in the yield of Cordyceps polysaccharides. A mechanism for the biosynthesis of Cordyceps polysaccharides was proposed by referring to the polysaccharide synthesis in other species. Furthermore, we also discuss the future perspective and ongoing challenges of EPS in uses of health foods and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Ke BJ, Lee CL. Using submerged fermentation to fast increase N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, adenosine and polysaccharide productions of Cordyceps cicadae NTTU 868. AMB Express 2019; 9:198. [PMID: 31820136 PMCID: PMC6901654 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for treating palpitations and eye diseases. It contains several bioactive compounds such as adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA), and polysaccharide. Those bioactive compounds have been reported to perform anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory properties and provide renal protection. In this study, we researched different fermentation conditions in order to enhance the biomass, adenosine, HEA, and polysaccharide productions of C. cicadae NTTU 868. Solid fermentation was carried out with different grain substrates (barley, oat, rice and wheat). Various submerged fermentation scales were used to produce the C. cicadae NTTU 868 mycelium. The results of solid fermentation revealed that C. cicadae NTTU 868 produced higher adenosine and HEA concentrations in oat rather than in other substrates. C. cicadae NTTU 868 mycelium had obtained the highest concentrations of adenosine and HEA on Day 2 as using the small-scale submerged fermentation. Furthermore, potato dextrose broth with extra 0.2% of yeast extract was able to result in higher HEA concentration. In conclusion, using submerged fermentation to culture C. cicadae NTTU 868 resulted in more efficient adenosine, HEA, and polysaccharide productions than using solid-fermentation, especially when 0.2% of yeast extract was used in the PDB. Importantly, this can be easily scaled-up in the fermentation industry.
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Chunyu YJ, Lu ZM, Luo ZS, Li SS, Li H, Geng Y, Xu HY, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Promotion of Metabolite Synthesis in Isaria cicadae, a Dominant Species in the Cicada Flower Microbiota, by Cicada Pupae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8476-8484. [PMID: 31298527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cicada flowers, which are edible and medicinal mushrooms, are the fruiting bodies of Isaria cicadae, a fungus that is parasitic on the larvae of cicada pupae. We hypothesize that host factors might possess stimulatory activity on metabolite synthesis in Isaria cicadae. Here, we first compared the microbial community structures of different wild cicada flowers across geographical regions, compartments, and growth stages via high-throughput sequencing. Isaria cicadae TZC-3, an isolate of the most abundant operational taxonomic unit (OTU6782) in all the fungal communities, was isolated from wild cicada flowers. Furthermore, the effects of cicada pupae on metabolite synthesis in Isaria cicadae TZC-3 were studied in submerged culture. The contents of intercellular polysaccharides, adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, free amino acids, and hydrolyzed monosaccharides in the mycelia cultured with cicada pupa powder (4%) were significantly increased as compared with the contents in the control group. This indicates that a cicada pupa can act as an elicitor for metabolite synthesis in Isaria cicadae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Chunyu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Zhi-Shan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Shuo-Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , PR China
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Xu X, Wu P, Wang T, Yan L, Lin M, Chen C. Synergistic effects of surfactant-assisted biodegradation of wheat straw and production of polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:43-50. [PMID: 30677697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current work proposes an innovative wheat straw biomass utilization strategy that connects efficient lignocellulose biodegradation with exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production in I. obliquus under submerged fermentation. The addition of Tween 80 increased the activities of ligninolytic enzymes MnP, LiP and Lac by 1200%, 125% and 39.9%, respectively. When wheat straw lignin recalcitrance was substantially reduced with the aid of Tween 80, I. obliquus was capable of utilizing the substrates and in turn accumulated EPS. The degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reached 46.1%, 46.4% and 44.1% on Day 9 of growth, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum mycelial biomass and EPS production increased by 23.3% and 142.9%, respectively. The EPS had higher contents of sugar, protein, uronic acid, and mannose ratio, and higher antioxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) and hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China.
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
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18
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Xie H, Li X, Chen Y, Lang M, Shen Z, Shi L. Ethanolic extract of Cordyceps cicadae exerts antitumor effect on human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and endoplasmic reticulum stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:230-240. [PMID: 30468850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps cicadae (Miq.) Massee is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for approximately 1600 years in China. C. cicadae, a member of the Cordyceps genus, exerts a therapeutic effect on many diseases, such as cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the antineoplasmic activity of C. cicadae and to identify its molecular mechanism of cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS The toxicity of the ethanolic extract of C. cicadae (EEC) against different cancer cell lines was determined through MTT assay. Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with EEC for 48 h. Cell morphology was examined by using an Olympus phase-contrast microscope. The cell apoptosis was quantified through Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Cells were stained with PI and then subjected to flow cytometry for the investigation of cell cycle status. Cells were subjected to mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay after incubation with JC-1 probes and to intracellular Ca2+ measurement through flow cytometry after incubation with Fluo-3 AM fluorescent probes. Western blot analysis was conducted to quantify the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, cell cycle and endoplasmic reticulum stress. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to analyse the biological activity components of EEC. RESULTS EEC suppressed the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and induced the development of abnormal morphological features in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results indicated that EEC treatment caused cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in the S phase. In addition, EEC treatment triggered MMP depolarization and Ca2+ overloading in the cytosol of SGC-7901 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that EEC increased Bax, AIF, caspase-8, caspase-6 and caspase-3 activities and decreased Bcl-2 activity. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which was caused by the activation of the cell surface receptor Fas and the cleavage of PARP. EEC-induced S phase arrest was associated with the up-regulation of E2F1, cyclin A2, cyclin E and p53 expression levels and the down-regulation of CDK2 expression. In addition, EEC increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins, such as calpain-1, caspase-12 and caspase-9. HPLC assay results suggested that EEC contained adenine, uridine, adenosine and N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-adenosine. CONCLUSION EEC inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle in the S phase and increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study revealed that C. cicadae is a potential natural source of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Xie
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaotong Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yajie Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mingzi Lang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhangfei Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Liangen Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Barcelos MCS, Vespermann KAC, Pelissari FM, Molina G. Current status of biotechnological production and applications of microbial exopolysaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1475-1495. [PMID: 30740985 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1575791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are an abundant and important group of compounds that can be secreted by bacteria, fungi and algae. The biotechnological production of these substances represents a faster alternative when compared to chemical and plant-derived production with the possibility of using industrial wastes as substrates, a feasible strategy after a comprehensive study of factors that may affect the synthesis by the chosen microorganism and desirable final product. Another possible difficulty could be the extraction and purification methods, a crucial part of the production of microbial polysaccharides, since different methods should be adopted. In this sense, this review aims to present the biotechnological production of microbial exopolysaccharides, exploring the production steps, optimization processes and current applications of these relevant bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C S Barcelos
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kele A C Vespermann
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Pelissari
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Sharma SK, Gautam N, Atri NS. Retraction Note: Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:276. [PMID: 30326910 PMCID: PMC6190560 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Zhao X, Yu XH, Zhang GY, Zhang HY, Liu WW, Zhang CK, Sun YJ, Ling JY. Aqueous Extracts of Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob Induce Apoptosis to Exert Anticancer Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8412098. [PMID: 30175146 PMCID: PMC6106948 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8412098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of mortality since 2010 in China. Despite the remarkable advances in cancer therapy, a low survival rate is still a burden to the society. The antineoplastic activity of aqueous extracts of Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob (AECK) was measured in this study. Results showed that AECK can significantly inhibit the proliferation and viability of U937 and K562 when treated with different concentrations of AECK, and the IC50 values of U937 and K562 were 31.23 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that AECK could cause cell shrinkage, chromatin, condensation, and cytoplasmic blebbing, and DNA ladder experiment revealed the evident feature of DNA fragmentation which showed that AECK could induce cell apoptosis. Moreover, AECK gave rise to intrinsic apoptosis through increasing the amount of Ca2+ and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, the level of Fas death receptor was elevated which indicated that AECK could lead to exogenous apoptosis in U937. The expressions of oncogene c-Myc and c-Fos were suppressed which manifested that AECK could negatively regulate the growth, proliferation, and tumorigenesis of U937 cells. This research presented the primary antitumor activity of AECK which would contribute to the widely use of Cordyceps kyushuensis Kob as a functional food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xing-hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo-ying Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | | | - Wei-wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chang-kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying-jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jian-ya Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Zhang Q, Olatunji OJ, Chen H, Tola AJ, Oluwaniyi OO. Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae in Experimental Diabetic Rats. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800219. [PMID: 29874416 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae is a medicinal fungus used in treating night sweat, childhood convulsions, vision improvement and pain. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the crude polysaccharide (SHF) from the mycelium and body portion of C. cicadae. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rat with a single intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). In other to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of C. cicadae polysaccharide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the crude polysaccharide (SHF at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide were administered orally to diabetic rats for 30 days. Blood glucose level, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), creatinine (CREA), urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) were determined. SHF showed significant reduction in blood glucose in diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats also resulted an improvement in body weights, increased HDL, SOD and GSH, as well as decreased TC, TG, LDL, MDA, urea, CREA, ALT, AST and ALP. These results suggested that C. cicadae polysaccharide displayed anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities and could be a promising therapeutic source in managing diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dezhou Municipal Hospital, Dezhou, 253000, P. R. China
| | - Opeyemi J Olatunji
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Hongxia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, R. P. China
| | - Adesola J Tola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Omolara O Oluwaniyi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of exopolysaccharides isolated from Pleurotus geesteranus on alcohol-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10493. [PMID: 30002448 PMCID: PMC6043593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigated the hepatoprotective role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from the mushroom Pleurotus geesteranus with respect to alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Based on a physico-chemical analysis, the EPS produced by Pleurotus geesteranus was identified as a heteropolysaccharide with α-glycosidic bond. The results revealed that prophylactic application of the EPS reduces detrimental alcoholic effects on the liver. This observation was followed by decreased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, CYP2E1 and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, NO and iNOS) in the liver homogenates, suggesting that the EPS exhibits anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, the increased activity of hepatic enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced lipid peroxidation status indicated that the antioxidative effect of the EPS contributes to alleviation of liver injury. Therefore, this study reports that the EPS produced by Pleurotus geesteranus could be considered a potential natural drug or functional food supplement for the prevention of liver damage.
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Zhang N, Lan W, Wang Q, Sun X, Xie J. Antibacterial mechanism of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract when applied to Shewanella putrefaciens and Saprophytic staphylococcus. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Polycephalomyces nipponicus. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Gao X, Yue P. Multiple responses optimization of instant dark tea production by submerged fermentation using response surface methodology. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:2579-2586. [PMID: 30042574 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, submerged fermentation mode for preparing instant dark tea production was developed through utilizing industrial low grade green tea as raw material and Aspergillus niger as fermentation microbe starter. The fermentation parameters (inoculum size, liquid-solid ratio and rotation speed) were optimized by using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) with desirability function, the theabrownins content, redness and turbidity value as responses. The optimal conditions were set as follow: inoculum size of 5.3% (v/v), liquid-solid ratio of 27.78 mL/g, and rotation speed of 182 r/min. The optimized conditions model showed a good correlation between the predicted and experimental values. Further, the optimum product of instant dark was achieved in a 3-L laboratory fermenter, and the main parameters of product were theabrownins content of 140.92 g/kg and redness value of 40.78 and turbidity of 90.98 NTU. Sensory evaluation showed that the instant dark tea infusion approached mellow mouthfeel, an aroma of mint and a good overall acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Jun Jiang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Xueling Gao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Pengxiang Yue
- 1State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
- Damin Foodstuff (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, 363000 Fujian China
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27
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Retracted: Optimization, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exo- and Intracellular Polysaccharides in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) Durieu & Mont. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2980342. [PMID: 29853948 PMCID: PMC5954938 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2980342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Chen LH, Wu Y, Guan YM, Jin C, Zhu WF, Yang M. Analysis of the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Quantitative Analysis of Multicomponents by Single Marker of Products of Fermented Cordyceps sinensis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:5943914. [PMID: 29850373 PMCID: PMC5914105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5943914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fermented Cordyceps sinensis, the succedaneum of Cordyceps sinensis which is extracted and separated from Cordyceps sinensis by artificial fermentation, is commonly used in eastern Asia in clinical treatments due to its health benefit. In this paper, a new strategy for differentiating and comprehensively evaluating the quality of products of fermented Cordyceps sinensis has been established, based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint analysis combined with similar analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and the quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single marker (QAMS). Ten common peaks were collected and analysed using SA, HCA, and QAMS. These methods indicated that 30 fermented Cordyceps sinensis samples could be categorized into two groups by HCA. Five peaks were identified as uracil, uridine, adenine, guanosine, and adenosine, and according to the results from the diode array detector, which can be used to confirm peak purity, the purities of these compounds were greater than 990. Adenosine was chosen as the internal reference substance. The relative correction factors (RCF) between adenosine and the other four nucleosides were calculated and investigated using the QAMS method. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the QAMS method was confirmed by comparing the results of that method with those of an external standard method with cosines of the angles between the groups. No significant difference between the two methods was observed. In conclusion, the method established herein was efficient, successful in identifying the products of fermented Cordyceps sinensis, and scientifically valid to be applicable in the systematic quality control of fermented Cordyceps sinensis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yun Wan Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yun Wan Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yong-mei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yun Wan Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yun Wan Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wei-feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 18 Yun Wan Road, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi Sinopharm Co. Ltd., No. 888 National Medicine Road, Nanchang 330004, China
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Zhang Y, Wu YT, Zheng W, Han XX, Jiang YH, Hu PL, Tang ZX, Shi LE. The antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of a polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Wang Q, Wang F, Xu Z, Ding Z. Bioactive Mushroom Polysaccharides: A Review on Monosaccharide Composition, Biosynthesis and Regulation. Molecules 2017; 22:E955. [PMID: 28608797 PMCID: PMC6152739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are widely distributed around the world and are heavily consumed because of their nutritional value and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides (PSs) are an important component of mushrooms, a major factor in their bioactive properties, and have been intensively studied during the past two decades. Monosaccharide composition/combinations are important determinants of PS bioactivities. This review summarizes: (i) monosaccharide composition/combinations in various mushroom PSs, and their relationships with PS bioactivities; (ii) possible biosynthetic pathways of mushroom PSs and effects of key enzymes on monosaccharide composition; (iii) regulation strategies in PS biosynthesis, and prospects for controllable biosynthesis of PSs with enhanced bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Nadaroglu H, Onem H, Alayli Gungor A. Green synthesis of Ce 2O 3 NPs and determination of its antioxidant activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:411-419. [PMID: 28530190 PMCID: PMC8676482 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the authors presented synthesis of ceria nanoparticles (NPs) by the bio-reduction method and their antioxidative activity. Aqueous extract of Euphorbia (Euphorbia amygdaloides) was used as reducing and stabilising agents. They used aqueous extract of Euphorbia (E. amygdaloides) as reducing and stabilising agent. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the quantitative formation of ceria NPs. They also addressed the characteristics of the obtained ceria NPs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmitting electron microscope (TEM). The synthesised cerium (III) oxide (Ce2O3) NPs were initially noted through visual colour change from colourless pale yellow cerium (III) to light yellow cerium (IV) and further confirmed the band at 345 nm employing UV-vis spectroscopy. The average diameter of the prepared NPs was about 8.6-10.5 nm. In addition, the synthesised Ce2O3 NPs were tested for antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities using ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferrous ions chelating activity, superoxide the anion radical scavenging and 2, 2'-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazol to-6-sulphonic acid scavenging activity. It could be concluded that Euphorbia (E. amygdaloides) extract can be used efficiently in the production of potential antioxidant and anti-bacterial Ce2O3 NPs for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu
- Department of Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Hicran Onem
- Department of Food Technology, Erzurum Vocational Training School, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Azize Alayli Gungor
- Department of Chemical Technology, Erzurum Vocational Training School, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Kumar Sharma S, Gautam N. Chemical and Bioactive Profiling, and Biological Activities of Coral Fungi from Northwestern Himalayas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46570. [PMID: 28422148 PMCID: PMC5396197 DOI: 10.1038/srep46570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ramaria Fr. and Clavaria L. are the two major genera of coral mushrooms within families Gomphaceae and Clavariaceae, respectively. Besides having important role in forest ecology, some species of these are reported to possess high nutraceutical and bioactive potential. There is a hidden diversity of coral mushrooms in Northwestern Himalayas. Present studies describe the detailed biochemical profiling and antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of twelve coral mushroom species. Biochemical profiling of nutrients and nutraceuticals was done with standard techniques and by using HPLC, UPLC and GC. Experiments were also conducted to check the toxic metals detection. Antioxidant activities were calculated using EC50 values from mushroom extracts. Antibacterial activities were checked on six pathogenic bacterial strains through minimum inhibition concenterations. Although, differences were observed in the net values of individual species but all the species were found to be rich in protein, macro and micro minerals, carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, phenolics, tocopherols, anthocynadins and carotenoids. All the species showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These species are reported to free from heavy toxic metals. Present studies will open the way for their large scale commercial exploitations and use in pharmaceutical industries as antioxidant, antibacterial and nutraceutical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan Kumar Sharma
- Mushroom Research & Training Centre, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK, Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur, 176 062, India
| | - Nandini Gautam
- Centre for Environment Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, 151 001, India
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Bhotmange DU, Wallenius JH, Singhal RS, Shamekh SS. Enzymatic extraction and characterization of polysaccharide from Tuber aestivum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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