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Zhang X, Huo Z, Jia X, Xiong Y, Li B, Zhang L, Li X, Li X, Fang Y, Dong X, Chen G. (+)-Catechin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related NLRP3-mediated inflammation. Food Funct 2024; 15:5450-5465. [PMID: 38687305 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and chronic sterile inflammation are associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Catechins are natural polyphenolic compounds found in green tea that possess some health benefits. However, whether (+)-catechin can reduce tubular injury in DN by regulating ER stress and NLRP3-associated inflammation remains uncertain. This study examined the effects of (+)-catechin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and on palmitic acid (PA)-treated HK-2 cells. In vivo, a DN mouse model was generated by injecting STZ. The biochemical indicators of serum and urine, as well as renal histopathology and ultrastructure were analysed. To predict the mechanisms associated with (+)-catechin, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of specific targets in the renal tissue of DN mice and PA-treated HK-2 cells to validate the predicted results. (+)-Catechin significantly ameliorated renal function and pathological changes associated with tubular injury by inhibiting ER stress by downregulating of GRP78, PEAK, CHOP, ATF6 and XBP1. In addition, (+)-catechin inhibited renal inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 associated inflammation, which was characterized by the downregulation of NLRP3, ASC, AIM2, Caspase1, IL-1β and IL-18 in DN mice and PA-treated HK-2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggested that (+)-catechin exerted a renoprotective effect against DN by inhibiting ER stress and NLRP3-related inflammation to ameliorate tubular injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of (+)-catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Huo
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangyou Zhang
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianhong Li
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yinrui Fang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Pertiwi D, Hartati R, Julianti E, Fidrianny I. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities in various parts of Artocarpus lacucha Buch. Ham. ethanolic extract. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:66. [PMID: 38476607 PMCID: PMC10928476 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Artocarpus lacucha is an endemic plant to North Sumatera, Indonesia. This plant has pharmacological activities, including acting as an antioxidant and antibacterial. The aim of the present study was to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and determine the flavonoid compounds from four parts of A. lachuca, namely leaves, barks, twigs and fruits. Antioxidant activity was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods. Antibacterial activity was analyzed using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. Several flavonoids, such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the antioxidant activity test results using the DPPH method, the bark ethanolic extract provided the highest antioxidant capacity, while the CUPRAC method indicated that the twig ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant capacity. The antibacterial activity test results demonstrated that at a low concentration of 750 µg/disk the bark ethanolic extract obtained the highest inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration level against six of nine pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, A. lachuca bark ethanolic extract could be potentially developed as antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Pertiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra 20155, Indonesia
| | - Rika Hartati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
| | - Elin Julianti
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
| | - Irda Fidrianny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
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Yücel NT, Asfour AAR, Evren AE, Yazıcı C, Kandemir Ü, Özkay ÜD, Can ÖD, Yurttaş L. Design and synthesis of novel dithiazole carboxylic acid Derivatives: In vivo and in silico investigation of their Anti-Inflammatory and analgesic effects. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107120. [PMID: 38219479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex set of interactions that can occur in tissues as the body's defensive response to infections, trauma, allergens, or toxic compounds. Therefore, in almost all diseases, it can be observed because of primary or secondary reasons. Since it is important to control and even eliminate the symptoms of inflammation in the treatment of many diseases, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs are always needed in the clinic. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs with increased effectiveness and safer side effect profiles is among the popular topics of medicinal chemistry. Therefore, in this study, in order to synthesize and diversify new molecules, we focused on the N,N-dithiazole carboxylic acid core and linked it with the chalcone functional group. The final eleven molecules were analyzed via HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The antinociceptive effects of the test compounds were examined by tail-clip, hot-plate, and formalin methods in mice, while their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by carrageenan-induced inflammation tests in rats. The motor activities of the experimental animals were evaluated using an activity-meter device. Obtained findings revealed that none of the test compounds (10 mg/kg) were effective in the tail-clip and hot-plate tests. However, compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k in the serial shortened the paw-licking times of mice in the late phase of the formalin test indicating that these compounds had peripherally-mediated antinociceptive effects. The same compounds, moreover, showed potent anti-inflammatory effects by significantly reducing paw edema of rats in the inflammation tests. To provide an approach to pharmacological findings regarding possible mechanisms of action, the binding modes of the most active compounds were investigated by in silico approaches. The results of molecular docking studies indicated that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the compounds might be related to the inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes. Findings obtained from in silico studies showed that 4 k, which was chosen as a model for its analogs in the series, forms strong bindings to the basic residues (Arg120, Tyr355), side pocket loop area and deep hydrophobic regions of the enzyme. Moreover, results of the molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that ligand-COX enzyme complexes are quite stable. Obtained results of in vivo and in silico studies are in harmony, and all together point out that compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with good ADME profiles. The potential of the derivatives, whose pharmacological activities were revealed for the first time in this study, as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug candidates, needs to be evaluated through comprehensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Abd Al Rahman Asfour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey.
| | - Cevşen Yazıcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
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Ruttanaphan T, Songoen W, Pluempanupat W, Bullangpoti V. Potential insecticidal extracts from Artocarpus lacucha against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1205-1210. [PMID: 37289434 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artocarpus lacucha, a plant in the Moraceae family, has traditionally been used in Southeast Asian medicine to treat various ailments. This study investigated the insecticidal potential against Spodoptera litura of several compounds extracted from A. lacucha using a topical application method. A sequential extraction method was employed with A. lacucha stems to identify the most toxic crude extract by using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents. Subsequently, the most toxic crude extract was analyzed for chemical composition by HPLC, followed by the isolation process. Among these crude extracts, the ethyl acetate crude extract was the most toxic to second-instar S. litura larvae (24-h LD50 value of ~9.07 µg/larva). Our results showed that the catechin isolated from the ethyl acetate crude extract exhibited the highest toxicity against this insect (24-h LD50 value of ~8.37 µg/larva). Additionally, catechin significantly decreased the activities of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterases, and glutathione S-transferase in the larvae. These findings suggest that catechin isolated from A. lacucha could be a potential insecticidal agent against S. litura. However, the toxicity and persistence of catechin under field conditions need to be further investigated to develop this novel insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torranis Ruttanaphan
- Biology Program, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Songoen
- Central Laboratory and Greenhouse Complex, Faculty of Agriculture Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Pluempanupat
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vasakorn Bullangpoti
- Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ortiz-Mendoza N, San Miguel-Chávez R, Martínez-Gordillo MJ, Basurto-Peña FA, Palma-Tenango M, Aguirre-Hernández E. Variation in Terpenoid and Flavonoid Content in Different Samples of Salvia semiatrata Collected from Oaxaca, Mexico, and Its Effects on Antinociceptive Activity. Metabolites 2023; 13:866. [PMID: 37512573 PMCID: PMC10384789 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia semiatrata Zucc. (Lamiaceae) is endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico, and is known for its analgesic properties. Terpenoids and phenolic compounds with antinociceptive potential have been characterised from this species. The aim of this research was to determine the variation in terpenoids and flavonoids in ethyl acetate extracts of S. semiatrata collected from ten different localities, as well as to evaluate the antinociceptive effect between plants with higher and lower contents of these secondary metabolites. Quantification of S. semiatrata compounds was performed via HPLC-DAD, whereas in vivo evaluation of the antinociceptive effect was performed via formalin test. The results showed that the most abundant groups of metabolites are oleanolic acid (89.60-59.20 µg/mg), quercetin (34.81-16.28 µg/mg), catechin (11.30-9.30 µg/mg), and 7-keto-neoclerodan-3,13-dien-18,19:15,16-diolide (7-keto) (8.01-4.76 µg/mg). Principal component and canonical correspondence analysis showed that the most contrasting localities in terms of compound content and climatic variables are Miahuatlán and Santiago Huauclilla. The differences in metabolite content between the two locations did not affect the antinociceptive effects evaluated at a dose of 300 mg/kg, p.o. In conclusion, the results indicate that S. semiatrata is effective in relieving pain, regardless of the site of collection, reinforcing its traditional use as analgesic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ortiz-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rubén San Miguel-Chávez
- Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco Estado de México 56230, Mexico
| | - Martha Juana Martínez-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Mariana Palma-Tenango
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Camara FMS, da Conceição BC, Cardoso EKS, Santiago JCC, Albuquerque CAB, Pereira WL, Monteiro MC, Yoshioka E Silva CY, da Silva MN, Maia CF, Fontes-Junior EA. Margaritaria nobilis L.f. (Phyllanthaceae) Ethanolic Extract: Low Acute Oral Toxicity and Antinociceptive Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050689. [PMID: 37242472 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Margaritaria nobilis L.f. (Phyllanthaceae), a native Brazilian tree occurring mainly in the Amazon, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of abscesses (bark) and cancer-like symptoms (leaves). The present study evaluates the safety of its acute oral administration and its effects on nociception and plasma leakage. The chemical constitution of the leaf's ethanolic extract is determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS. Its acute oral toxicity is evaluated in female rats at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, evaluating the occurrence of deaths and Hippocratic, behavioral, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes, as well as food and water consumption and weight gain. Antinociceptive activity is evaluated in male mice with acetic-acid-induced peritonitis (APT) and formalin (FT) tests. An open field (OF) test is performed to verify possible interferences in the animals' consciousness or locomotion. LC-MS analysis shows the presence of 44 compounds classified as phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids and O-glycosylated derivatives, and hydrolyzable tannins. No deaths or significant behavioral, histological, or biochemical changes are observed in the toxicity assessment. In nociception tests, M. nobilis extract significantly reduces abdominal contortions in APT, demonstrating selectivity for inflammatory components (FT second phase), not interfering in neuropathic components (FT first phase) or consciousness and locomotion levels in OF. Additionally, M. nobilis extract inhibits plasma acetic-acid-induced leakage. These data demonstrate the low toxicity of M. nobilis ethanolic extract, as well as its effectiveness in modulating inflammatory nociception and plasma leakage, possibly related to the flavonoids and tannins present in its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Menezes S Camara
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavioral Pharmacology (Lafico), Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Brenda Costa da Conceição
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavioral Pharmacology (Lafico), Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Eloise Karoline S Cardoso
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavioral Pharmacology (Lafico), Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Johan Carlos C Santiago
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography (Labcrol), Exact and Natural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto B Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography (Labcrol), Exact and Natural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Washington L Pereira
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, Amazon Federal Rural University, Belém 66077830, PA, Brazil
| | - Marta C Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Y Yoshioka E Silva
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography (Labcrol), Exact and Natural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Milton Nascimento da Silva
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography (Labcrol), Exact and Natural Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane F Maia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavioral Pharmacology (Lafico), Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
| | - Eneas A Fontes-Junior
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavioral Pharmacology (Lafico), Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil
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Shafaq, Akhtar T, Ishaq HM, Shahzad M. Pharmacological effects of Artocarpus lakoocha methanol extract on inhibition of squalene synthase and other downstream enzymes of the cholesterol synthesis pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:840-845. [PMID: 35588395 PMCID: PMC9122356 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2063346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. (Moraceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-skin ageing agents. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the pharmacological effects of A. lakoocha leaves methanol extract on enzymes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats, weighing approximately 180-220 g, were divided into four groups: control, diseased (hyperlipidemic), A. lakoocha leaves extract treated, and simvastatin treated. The rats were fed with high-fat diet for 2 months to induce hyperlipidaemia, afterward, experimental groups received A. lakoocha leaves methanol extract (250 mg/kg) and simvastatin (10 mg/kg) orally until the 89th day of the experiment, while the diseased group continued to receive high-fat diet along with normal saline. RESULTS It was found that A. lakoocha extract significantly lowered the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, while effectively increasing serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels as compared to the diseased group (p ≤ 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of squalene synthase and HMG-CoA reductase were found to be effectively down-regulated after the treatment with A. lakoocha leaves extract (17.45 ± 2.48 vs. 31.91 ± 5.292 and 5.85 ± 3.164 vs. 37.37 ± 6.492) and simvastatin (7.148 ± 0.76 vs. 31.91 ± 5.292, and 3.098 ± 2.09 vs. 37.37 ± 6.492) as compared to the diseased group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that A. lakoocha leaves extract have observable beneficial effects on inhibition of enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis pathway and improve lipid profile analogous to simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaq
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sitorus P, Keliat JM, Asfianti V, Muhammad M, Satria D. A Literature Review of Artocarpus lacucha Focusing on the Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of the Plant. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206940. [PMID: 36296532 PMCID: PMC9610210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that approximately two-thirds of the plant species in the world have some medicinal value. Artocarpus lakoocha is a synonym for Artocarpus lacucha and is a plant that can be found in Indonesia. This medicinal plant has been used to treat many diseases. (1) Objective: This article discusses the scientific investigations carried out on A. lacucha, namely the plant’s chemical content, pharmacological activity, and active compounds. (2) Methods: The design of this study was based on an article that was a review of previous research. A search for relevant publications over the past ten years (2012–2022) using data from Pubmed, Proquest, Ebsco, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar resulted in the discovery of 369 articles. (3) Results: Fifty relevant articles investigate A. lacucha’s substances and their applications in the health field. The presence of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds has been reported, which is evidence that A. lacucha possesses antidiarrheal, immunostimulant, anticholesterol, and hepatoprotective agents. (4) Conclusions: Mobe (A. lacucha) is a plant native to North Sumatra, Indonesia. This plant is efficacious as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, schistosomicidal, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, antiglycation, and anticholesterol, and can also be used for anti-aging and wound healing. In addition to its various benefits, it turns out that this plant also has many active compounds that are useful to the health sector, especially the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panal Sitorus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Jane Melita Keliat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Vivi Asfianti
- Doctoral Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Mahatir Muhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Denny Satria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Yao H. Virtual Screening of Natural Chemical Databases to Search for Potential ACE2 Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051740. [PMID: 35268841 PMCID: PMC8911956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is a multifunctional protein in both health and disease conditions, which serves as a counterregulatory component of RAS function in a cardioprotective role. ACE2 modulation may also have relevance to ovarian cancer, diabetes, acute lung injury, fibrotic diseases, etc. Furthermore, since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), ACE2 has been recognized as the host receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein has a strong interaction with ACE2, so ACE2 may be a potent drug target to prevent the virus from invading host cells for anti-COVID-19 drug discovery. In this study, structure- and property-based virtual screening methods were combined to filter natural product databases from ChemDiv, TargetMol, and InterBioScreen to find potential ACE2 inhibitors. The binding affinity between protein and ligands was predicted using both Glide SP and XP scoring functions and the MM-GBSA method. ADME properties were also calculated to evaluate chemical drug-likeness. Then, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to further explore the binding modes between the highest-potential compounds and ACE2. Results showed that the compounds 154-23-4 and STOCK1N-07141 possess potential ACE2 inhibition activities and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730013, China
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-second consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2019 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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11
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An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Analgesic Effect of Jakyak-Gamcho Decoction: A Network Pharmacology Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6628641. [PMID: 33343676 PMCID: PMC7732394 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6628641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herbal drugs have drawn substantial interest as effective analgesic agents; however, their therapeutic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. To address this question, we performed a network pharmacology study to explore the system-level mechanisms that underlie the analgesic activity of Jakyak-Gamcho decoction (JGd; Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang in Chinese and Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To in Japanese), an herbal prescription consisting of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. Based on comprehensive information regarding the pharmacological and chemical properties of the herbal constituents of JGd, we identified 57 active chemical compounds and their 70 pain-associated targets. The JGd targets were determined to be involved in the regulation of diverse biological activities as follows: calcium- and cytokine-mediated signalings, calcium ion concentration and homeostasis, cellular behaviors of muscle and neuronal cells, inflammatory response, and response to chemical, cytokine, drug, and oxidative stress. The targets were further enriched in various pain-associated signalings, including the PI3K-Akt, estrogen, ErbB, neurotrophin, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, HIF-1, serotonergic synapse, JAK-STAT, and cAMP pathways. Thus, these data provide a systematic basis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the analgesic activity of herbal drugs.
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12
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Zakaria ZA, Roosli RAJ, Marmaya NH, Omar MH, Basir R, Somchit MN. Methanol Extract of Dicranopteris linearis Leaves Attenuate Pain via the Modulation of Opioid/NO-Mediated Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020280. [PMID: 32059475 PMCID: PMC7072186 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicranopteris linearis leaf has been reported to exert antinociceptive activity. The present study elucidates the possible mechanisms of antinociception modulated by the methanol extract of D. linearis leaves (MEDL) using various mouse models. The extract (25, 150, and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for 30 min priot to subjection to the acetic acid-induced writhing-, hot plate- or formalin-test to establish the antinociceptive profile of MEDL. The most effective dose was then used in the elucidation of possible mechanisms of action stage. The extract was also subjected to the phytochemical analyses. The results confirmed that MEDL exerted significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity in those pain models as well as the capsaicin-, glutamate-, bradykinin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced paw licking model. Pretreatment with naloxone (a non-selective opioid antagonist) significantly (p < 0.05) reversed MEDL effect on thermal nociception. Only l-arginine (a nitric oxide (NO) donor) but not N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; a NO inhibitor) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; a specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) significantly (p < 0.05) modified MEDL effect on the writhing test. Several polyphenolics and volatile antinociceptive compounds were detected in MEDL. In conclusion, MEDL exerted the opioid/NO-mediated antinociceptive activity, thus, justify D. linearis as a potential source for new analgesic agents development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.A.J.R.); (M.N.S.)
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-19-211-7090
| | - Rushduddin Al Jufri Roosli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.A.J.R.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Najihah Hanisah Marmaya
- Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka Campus, Melaka 75300, Malaysia;
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Somchit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.A.J.R.); (M.N.S.)
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13
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Lopes K, Oliveira J, Sousa-Junior FJC, Santos TDF, Andrade D, Andrade SL, Pereira WL, Gomes PWP, Monteiro MC, E Silva CYY, da Silva MN, Maia CF, Fontes-Júnior EA. Chemical Composition, Toxicity, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Dry Aqueous Extract of Varronia multispicata (Cham.) Borhidi ( Cordiaceae) Leaves. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1376. [PMID: 31827436 PMCID: PMC6890604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Varronia multispicata (Cham.) Borhidi (Cordiaceae), an herbaceous plant distributed in tropical and subtropical regions is native of Brazil and widely used in folk medicine to treat respiratory and digestive diseases, inflammation, and some types of infections. Thus, this study aimed to investigate acute oral toxicity, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of dry aqueous extract of V. multispicata (AEVm) and to identify its compounds. Extract was obtained by lyophilized leaf infusion and its composition was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in female rats treated with AEVm (2,000 mg/kg) in a single oral dose. Mortality, body weight changes, feed and water intake, organ weights, histological and biochemical parameters were screened for 14 days. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing (WT), formalin (FT), and hot plate (HP) tests in male mice while anti-inflammatory activity was performed by carrageenan (CPE) and dextran (DPE)-induced paw edema tests and carrageenan-induced peritonitis (CP) test in male rats. Additionally, spontaneous open-field (OF) locomotion was evaluated. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids with biological activity. In toxicity evaluation, extract did not cause deaths in dose of 2,000 mg/kg, and there were no significant behavioral or biochemical alterations. Additionally, evidence of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity was observed. In pharmacological evaluation AEVm showed dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in WT, with a median effective dose of 146.89 mg/kg, which showed selectivity by inflammatory base processes (FT first phase; p < 0.001), showing no activity in neuropathic nociception components (FT second phase and HP) or about consciousness and locomotion in OF. AEVm also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting CPE (p < 0.001) and cell migration (p < 0.05) and nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0,01) in CP test. These data demonstrate that AEVm has low oral toxicity—with evidence of hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties—antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, supporting V. multispicata traditional use, possibly related to flavonoids present in its constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaylton Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Fabio J C Sousa-Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Túlio da F Santos
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Débora Andrade
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sara L Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Washington L Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Paulo Wender P Gomes
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marta C Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Y Yoshioka E Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Milton Nascimento da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cristiane F Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Enéas A Fontes-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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